Dietary Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of essential amino acids supplementation in a low-protein diet on growth performance, intestinal health and microbiota of juvenile blotched snakehead (Channa maculata)

Developing a low-protein feed is important for the sustainable advancement of aquaculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation in a low-protein diet on the growth, intestinal health, and microbiota of the juvenile blotched snakehead, Channa maculata in an 8-week trial conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system. Three isoenergetic diets were formulated to include a control group (48.66 % crude protein (CP), HP), a low protein group (42.54 % CP, LP), and a low protein supplementation EAA group (44.44 % CP, LP-AA). The results showed that significantly lower weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were observed in fish that were fed LP than in the HP and LP-AA groups (P < 0.05). The HP and LP-AA groups exhibited a significant increase in intestinal villus length, villus width, and muscular thickness compared to the LP group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the HP and LP-AA groups demonstrated significantly higher levels of intestinal total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the LP group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of intestinal cells in the LP group was significantly higher than those in the LP and HP groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit (nfκb-p65), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), and inhibitor of NF-κBα (iκba) in the intestine were significantly higher in the LP group than those in the HP and LP-AA groups (P < 0.05). The 16s RNA analysis indicated that EAA supplementation significantly increased the growth of Desulfovibrio and altered the intestinal microflora. The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were positively correlated with antioxidant parameters (CAT and T-AOC), whereas Desulfobacterota was negatively correlated with sod and T-AOC. The genera Bacillus, Bacteroides, and Rothia were associated with the favorable maintenance of gut health. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with EAAs to achieve a balanced amino acid profile could potentially reduce the dietary protein levels from 48.66 % to 44.44 % without adversely affecting the growth and intestinal health of juvenile blotched snakeheads.

Role of dietary nutrients and metabolism in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. The development of CRC is driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is growing evidence that changes in dietary nutrition may modulate the CRC risk, and protective effects on the risk of developing CRC have been advocated for specific nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, lipid, vitamins, micronutrients and prebiotics. Metabolic crosstalk between tumor cells, tumor microenvironment components and intestinal flora further promote proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells and leads to treatment resistance. This review summarizes the research progress on CRC prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment by dietary supplementation or deficiency of glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, micronutri-ents, and prebiotics, respectively. The roles played by different nutrients and dietary crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment and metabolism are discussed, and nutritional modulation is inspired to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of CRC.

PROTOCOL: The efficacy of nutritional interventions in reducing childhood/youth aggressive and antisocial behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This is a protocol for a Campbell systematic review of intervention effectiveness. The goal of this systematic review is to answer the following questions based on the available empirical evidence: Are there nutritional interventions (dietary manipulation, fortification or supplementation) that can reduce excessive aggression towards others in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the three intervention types? Are there nutritional interventions that can reduce antisocial behaviors in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the intervention types? Are there nutritional interventions that can reduce violent offending in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the intervention types? Are there nutritional interventions that can reduce non-violent offending in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the intervention types? What implementation barriers and solutions to these exist in relation to the above nutritional interventions in children/youth?

Dietary supplementation of ornithine improved the growth, immune response and acute NH3 stress tolerance of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

Ornithine is an arginine family amino acid and is not incorporated into protein. This study evaluated its role in growth, immune response and acute NH3 stress tolerance of Penaeus vannamei. Six diets with graded levels (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1gkg-1) of L-ornithine were formulated, and fed the shrimp for 8 weeks. The growth of shrimp was significantly improved with the dietary ornithine levels increased from 0.6 to 1.5gkg-1. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value showed a similar trend to the growth performance of shrimp. Whole body protein and muscle lipid of shrimp were significantly increased in shrimp fed 1.8gkg-1 ornithine compared to those fed 0.6gkg-1 ornithine. The contents of several amino acids were increased with the dietary ornithine increased to 1.5gkg-1. Elevated levels of ornithine increased the Nitric Oxide (NO) content and suppressed arginase activity in the hemolymph. The relative mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 70, dorsal and caspase 3 were increased with the dietary addition of ornithine, while the mRNA level of arginase was decreased with the increasing dietary ornithine levels. After 9h acute NH3 stress, mortality of shrimp reduced with the increasing dietary ornithine levels. The relative mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 70, dorsal and catalase were increased with the dietary addition of ornithine after the acute NH3 stress. The second-order regression analysis of weight gain and survival after acute stress revealed that the suitable ornithine content in the shrimp diet was 1.4-1.5gkg-1.

Effects of dietary yeast mannan-rich fraction supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and lymphoid tissue characteristics in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia Coli F4.

We evaluated the effects of supplementing yeast mannan-reach-fraction on growth performance, jejunal morphology and lymphoid tissue characteristics in weaned piglets challenged with E. Coli F4. A total of 20 crossbred piglets were used. At weaning, piglets were assigned at random to one of four groups: piglets challenged and fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast mannan-rich fraction (C-MRF, n = 5); piglets challenged and fed the basal diet (C-BD, n = 5); piglets not challenged and fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast mannan-rich fraction (NC-MRF, n = 5), and piglets not challenged and fed the basal diet (NC-BD). Each dietary treatment had five replicates. On days 4, 5 and 10, piglets were orally challenged with 108 CFU/mL of E. Coli F4. C-MRF piglets had higher BW (p = 0.002; interactive effect) than C-BD piglets. C-MRF piglets had higher (p = 0.02; interactive effect) ADG in comparison with C-BD piglets. C-MRF piglets had higher (p = 0.04; interactive effect) ADFI than C-BD piglets. The diameter of lymphoid follicles was larger (p = 0.010; interactive effect) in the tonsils of C-MRF piglets than C-BD piglets. Lymphoid cells proliferation was greater in the mesenteric lymphnodes and ileum (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) of C-MRF piglets. A reduction (p > 0.05) in E. Coli adherence in the ileum of piglets fed MRF was observed. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that dietary yeast mannan-rich fraction supplementation was effective in protecting weaned piglets against E. Coli F4 challenge.

Microbial dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a scientometric study

IntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Mounting evidence suggests microbiota dysbiosis augment autoimmune response. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of this research field in SLE through a bibliometric analysis.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search and retrieval of literature related to microbial researches in SLE from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. The retrieved articles were subjected to bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometricx to explore annual publication output, collaborative patterns, research hotspots, current research status, and emerging trends.ResultsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 218 research articles and 118 review articles. The quantity of publications rises annually, notably surging in 2015 and 2018. The United States and China emerged as the leading contributors in microbial research of SLE. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences had the highest publication outputs among the institutions. Frontiers in Immunology published the most papers. Luo XM and Margolles A were the most prolific and highly cited contributors among individual authors. Microbial research in SLE primarily focused on changes in microbial composition, particularly gut microbiota, as well as the mechanisms and practical applications in SLE. Recent trends emphasize “metabolites,” “metabolomics,” “fatty acids,” “T cells,” “lactobacillus,” and “dietary supplementation,” indicating a growing emphasis on microbial metabolism and interventions in SLE.ConclusionThis study provides a thorough analysis of the research landscape concerning microbiota in SLE. The microbial research in SLE mainly focused on three aspects: microbial dysbiosis, mechanism studies and translational studies (microbiota-based therapeutics). It identifies current research trends and focal points, offering valuable guidance for scholars in the field.

Free Fatty Acid 4 Receptor Activation Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Rebalancing Th1/Th17 and Treg Cells

Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been found to be beneficial in rodent rheumatoid arthritis models and human trials. However, the molecular targets of n-3 PUFAs and their beneficial effects on rheumatoid arthritis are under-researched. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) is a receptor for n-3 PUFA. We aim to investigate whether FFA4 activation reduces collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) by using an FFA4 agonist, compound A (CpdA), in combination with DBA-1J Ffa4 gene wild-type (WT) and Ffa4 gene knock-out (KO) mice. CIA induced an increase in the arthritis score, foot edema, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, proteoglycan loss, cartilage damage, and bone erosion, whereas the administration of CpdA significantly suppressed those increases in Ffa4 WT mice but not Ffa4 gene KO mice. CIA increased mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokines, whereas CpdA significantly suppressed those increases in Ffa4 WT mice but not Ffa4 gene KO mice. CIA induced an imbalance between Th1/Th17 and Treg cells, whereas CpdA rebalanced them in spleens from Ffa4 WT mice but not Ffa4 gene KO mice. In SW982 synovial cells, CpdA reduced the LPS-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In summary, the present results suggest that the activation of FFA4 in immune and synovial cells could suppress the characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and be an adjuvant therapy.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Enteric Avian-Origin Lactobacillus casei-Fermented Soybean Meal on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Broiler Chickens

The bacterial strain is key to fermentation, and the intestinal tract in livestock and poultry is a resource bank of good natural strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean meal fermented using Lactobacillus casei, isolated from healthy broiler intestines with excellent organic acid production, on the intestinal health and growth performance of broilers. A total of 120 Arbor Acre male broiler chickens aged 21 days were fed until 42 days of age. These chickens were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates per group. Each replicate contained six broiler chickens. The specific groups were the control group (basal diet), the low-dose fermented soybean meal (FSBM) additive group (FSBML, basal diet + 0.2 kg/t FSBM), the middle-dose FSBM additive group (FSBMM, basal diet + 2 kg/t FSBM), and the high-dose FSBM additive group (FSBMH, basal diet + 5 kg/t FSBM). The results demonstrated a significant increase in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of the FSBMH group (p &lt; 0.05). The FSBMH group displayed a significantly increased villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio (VH/CD) for the duodenum (p &lt; 0.05) and rectum (p &lt; 0.05). The examination of the ileal mucosa showed that the FSBMH group (p &lt; 0.05) had significantly higher levels of glutathione (GSH) activity, as well as higher relative mRNA expression of ZO-1, ZO-2, Occludin, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ. However, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly lower in the FSBMH group (p &lt; 0.05). The FSBMH group also showed higher levels of Nitriliruptoraceae and Ruminococcaceae. In conclusion, the addition of 5 kg/t FSBM to diets had an ameliorative effect on broiler growth performance and intestinal health.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Yeast Mannan-Rich Fraction on Broiler Performance and the Implication for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Chicken Production

Dietary supplementation of yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction (MRF) could improve the gastrointestinal health and production efficiency of broilers, and, consequently, lower the environmental impacts of chicken production. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the retrospective effects of feeding MRF (Actigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on the production performance of broilers. The meta-analysis database included 27 studies and consisted of 66 comparisons of MRF-supplemented diets vs. basal (i.e., negative control) and antibiotic-supplemented (i.e., positive control) diets. A total of 34,596 broilers were involved in the comparisons and the average final age of the birds was 35 days. Additionally, the impact of feeding MRF on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of chicken production was evaluated using the meta-analysis results of broiler performance (MRF vs. basal diets) to develop a scenario simulation that was analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) model. A database of all trials (MRF vs. basal and antibiotic diets) indicated that feeding MRF increased (p &lt; 0.01) average daily feed intake (ADFI; +3.7%), final body weight (FBW; +3.5%), and average daily gain (ADG; 4.1%) and improved (p &lt; 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR; −1.7%) without affecting (p &gt; 0.05) mortality. A subdatabase of MRF vs. basal diets indicated that dietary MRF increased ADFI (+4.5%), FBW (+4.7%), and ADG (+6.3%) and improved FCR (−2.2%) and mortality (−21.1%). For the subdatabase of MRF vs. antibiotic diets, both treatments exhibited equivalent effects (p &gt; 0.05) on broiler performance parameters, suggesting that MRF could be an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Subgroup analysis revealed that different study factors (year of study, breed/strain, production challenges, and MRF feeding duration) influenced the effect of dietary MRF on broiler performance. Simulated life cycle analysis (LCA) indicated that feeding MRF decreased feed and total emission intensities, on average, by −2.4% and −2.1%, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that dietary MRF is an effective nutritional solution for improving broiler performance, an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters, and reduces the environmental impact of poultry meat production.

Dietary supplementation of Astragalus fermentation products improves the growth performance, immunological characteristics, and disease resistance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

The fermentation products of Astragalus have been acknowledged for their ability to enhance immune functions. This study assessed the impact of incorporating Astragalus, fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans, on crucian carp’s growth, disease resistance, and immunological characteristics. The experimental groups were fed with common feed (C), C + Astragalus (A), A + Lactobacillus plantarum (AL), A + Bacillus coagulans (AB), and AL + Bacillus coagulans (ALB). The fermented products were mixed with common feed at a 1:99 ratio, and crucian carp were fed 2% of their body weight for four weeks, with sampling conducted on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Disease resistance was evaluated using Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) at a concentration of 0.2 mL (1.0×107 CFU/mL). The final weights in the AL, AB, and ALB groups significantly increased compared to the C group. The ALB group exhibited elevated serum albumin levels, alkaline phosphatase, intestinal lipase, protease enzyme, C3, and IgM gene expression compared to the C group. At the same time, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glucose contents were significantly reduced. The survival rate significantly increased in all experimental groups after treatment with A. hydrophila. In conclusion, Astragalus products fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans could effectively improve crucian carp’s growth, disease resistance, and immune response.

Effects of dietary supplementation with inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, haemato-biochemical parameters, liver fatty acids profile and intestinal microbiome of Nile tilapia.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three treatments, in quintuplicate, were established: a control group, fish fed a diet without additives; LP group, fish fed a diet supplemented with live probiotic; and IP group, fish fed a diet supplemented with inactivated probiotic. Final weights (49.40 ± 3.15g) and weight gains (38.20 ± 3.23g) were increased in tilapia in the IP group. Feed conversion (1.32 ± 0.04) decreased significantly in the IP group. Haemato-biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by dietary supplementation. Erythrocyte count (262.74 ± 69.28 × 106 μL-1) was significantly low, while albumin (1.79 ± 1.12g dL-1) and cholesterol (254.14 ± 98.49mg dL-1) were high in the control group. Dietary supplementation modified the tilapia microbiome. Rhodobacter was abundant in fish intestines from the control and IP groups. Phreatobacter was abundant in the IP and LP groups, while Aurantimicrobium and Bosea were abundant in the LP group. Oleic acid (C18:1n9) was significantly increased in the LP (3.25 ± 0.49%) and IP (3.02 ± 0.30%) groups. Hexadecatrienoic acid (C16:3n4) was significantly increased (0.04 ± 0.01%) in the IP group, while Cis 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3) (0.31 ± 0.03%) and adrenic acid (C22:4n6) (0.11 ± 0.02%) were significantly decreased in the LP group. Additionally, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were significantly increased (4.83 ± 0.35%) in the LP group compared to that in the control group. Collectively, these results indicate the potential of inactivated L. plantarum for use in commercial feed, leading to the conclusion that both inactivated and live L. plantarum can improve the Nile tilapia metabolism, altering haematological and biochemical markers.

Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and growth-promoting activities of dietary fermented Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) with in-vivo protection against Aeromonas hydrophila.

Moringa oleifera, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used in aquafeed as a dietary supplement. Based on previous studies, insufficient research is available on the dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia withM. oleiferaleaf and seed mixtures, specifically the fermented form. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fermented (FMO) versus non-fermented M. oleifera(MO) leaf and seed mixtures on immunological parameters, antioxidant activity, growth performance, and resistance toA. hydrophilainfection after a 30-day feeding trial on Nile tilapia. A total of 180 fingerlings were randomly divided into four groups in addition to the control group (36 fish each, in triplicate). Fish in the tested groups were fed on basal diet supplemented with MO5%, MO10%, FMO5%, and FMO10%, while those in control were fed on basal diet only. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged withA. hydrophila. The immunomodulatory activity of M. oleifera was evaluated in terms of phagocytic and lysozyme activities, immune-related cytokines and IgM gene expression. Antioxidants, and growth-promoting activities were also assessed. The results revealed that fish supplemented FMO markedly in FMO10% group followed by FMO5%, exhibited significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the tested immunological, hepatic antioxidants, and growth performance parameters. Furthermore, the highest survival rate post-challenge with mild clinical symptoms, and the lowest A. hydrophila bacterial count were reported in these groups. Meanwhile, MO10%-supplementation exhibited the opposite trend. The study' conclusion suggests that fermented M. oleifera leaf and seed mixture is a promising growth-promoting and immunostimulatory feed-additive candidate for Nile tilapia and could reduce the losses caused by A. hydrophila infection.

Effect of high plant protein diet supplemented with Lysophospholipids-butyrate on the growth performance, liver health and intestinal morphology of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with lysophospholipids-butyrate (LPB) in a high plant protein diet on the growth performance, liver health, and intestinal morphology of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Three experimental diets were formulated: a positive control diet (PC) containing 15.00 % soybean meal (SBM) and 13 % chicken meal；a high-plant-protein diet (HPP) with 28.00 % SBM; a diet (LPB) supplemented LPB at 0.1 % in HPP. Largemouth bass with an average initial body weight of 9.3 g were fed for 60 days, with 4 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. The results demonstrated that the HPP group exhibited significantly lower final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the PC group. Moreover, the HPP diet induced a notable increase in liver collagen fiber and liver lipid content, which was alleviated by LPB supplementation. In comparison to the HPP group, the LPB group showed significant increases in serum albumin and albumin/globulin, along with a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase activity (P < 0.05). Compared with the PC group, the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in HPP group were increased significantly (P < 0.05), while adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) as well as apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were significantly down-regulated. The mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), ACC-1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), ATGL, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Bcl-2 were up-regulated (P < 0.05), while DGAT and TNF-α were down-regulated in the LPB supplemented groups than that in the HPP group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of 0.1 % LPB can alleviate liver lipid accumulation and fibrosis caused by high level of soybean meal.

Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Changes in Calf Venous Volume during Postural Change and Skeletal Muscle Pump Activity in Healthy Young Adults

Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Changes in Calf Venous Volume during Postural Change and Skeletal Muscle Pump Activity in Healthy Young Adults

Effects of a manganese complex with lysine and glutamic acid on growth performance, manganese deposition and emission, antioxidant capacity and metacarpal strength in weaned piglets.

The present study sought to assess the effects of manganese complexes with lysine and glutamic acid (Mn-LG) as manganese (Mn) sources on growth performance, trace element deposition, antioxidant capacity, and metacarpal strength in weaned piglets. The study involved 288 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets that were weaned at 25-28 days of age and weighed 8.66±0.96kg. These piglets were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (Mn-LG-0, receiving a basal diet without Mn supplementation), a Mn sulfate group (basal diet supplemented with 40 mg·kg-1 diet of Mn, Mn-S-40 group), and four Mn-LG groups (Mn-LG-20, Mn-LG-40, Mn-LG-60, Mn-LG-80, supplemented with 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg·kg-1 Mn from Mn-LG in the basal diet). Grouping began at weaning as the 0th day of the experiment. The corn-soybean-based basal diet during the early (d 0-14) and late (d 15-42) phases of the experiment contained 20.88 and 30.12 mg·kg-1 Mn, respectively. Blood samples were collected on days 14 and 42, and pigs were sacrificed for sample collection on day 42. The results indicated no significant differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or feed-to-gain ratio among the groups (P > 0.05). The diarrhea rates of all Mn-LG groups and the Mn-S-40 group were significantly lower in the 0-14 d and during the entire experimental period than in the Mn-LG-0 group (P < 0.001). The Mn-LG-40 group exhibited a significant increase in liver Mn concentration and serum Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity on d 42 (P < 0.01), as well as a significant decrease in fecal Mn concentration (P < 0.05), compared to those of the Mn-S-40 group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected in the serum, liver, and fecal Mn concentrations, as well as in the serum and liver Mn-SOD activity, across the different Mn-LG groups. The serum and fecal Mn concentrations and serum Mn-SOD activity increased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing Mn-LG supplementation. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in kidney, heart, or metacarpal bone Mn concentrations or in bone strength indices. In summary, compared with the Mn-LG-0 diet, dietary supplementation with Mn-LG enhanced serum Mn deposition and Mn-SOD activity and decreased the incidence of diarrhea. Additionally, the fecal Mn concentration was lower in the Mn-LG group than in the inorganic group at equivalent dosages.

Dietary Supplementation with Naringin Improves Systemic Metabolic Status and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Transition Cows via Modulating Adipose Tissue Function: A Lipid Perspective

Dairy cows face metabolic challenges around the time of calving, leading to a negative energy balance and various postpartum health issues. Adipose tissue is crucial for cows during this period, as it regulates energy metabolism and supports immune function. Naringin, one of the main flavonoids in citrus fruit and their byproducts, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituent. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental naringin on performance, systemic inflammation, oxidative status, and adipose tissue metabolic status. A total of 36 multiparous Holstein cows (from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d postpartum) were provided a basal control (CON) diet or a CON diet containing naringin (NAR) at 30 g/d per cow. Supplemental NAR increased the yield of raw milk and milk protein, without affecting dry matter intake. Cows fed NAR showed significantly lower levels (p &lt; 0.05) of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, malonaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased (p &lt; 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity relative to those fed CON. Supplemental NAR increased (p &lt; 0.05) adipose tissue adiponectin abundance, decreased inflammatory responses, and reduced oxidative stress. Lipidomic analysis showed that cows fed NAR had lower concentrations of ceramide species (p &lt; 0.05) in the serum and adipose tissue than did the CON-fed cows. Adipose tissue proteomics showed that proteins related to lipolysis, ceramide biosynthesis, inflammation, and heat stress were downregulated (p &lt; 0.05), while those related to glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and the extracellular matrix were upregulated (p &lt; 0.05). Feeding NAR to cows may reduce the accumulation of ceramide by lowering serum levels of NEFA and LPS and increasing adiponectin expression, thereby decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, ultimately improving their systemic metabolic status. Including NAR in periparturient cows’ diets improves lactational performance, reduces excessive lipolysis in adipose tissue, and decreases systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Integrating lipidomic and proteomic data revealed that reduced ceramide and increased glycerophospholipids may alleviate metabolic dysregulations in adipose tissue, which in turn benefits systemic metabolic status.

Effects of phytase inclusion in diets containing rice protein concentrate (RPC) on the nutrient digestibility, growth and chemical characteristics of rohu (Labeo rohita).

The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of dietary phytase supplementation on Labeo rohita fingerlings and to examine the effects on growth, nutrient digestibility and chemical characteristics of diets containing rice protein concentrate (RPC) as a major protein source. Six experimental diets were made, i.e., a positive control (fishmeal-based diet with no phytase), FM0; a negative control (RPC-based diet with no phytase), RPC0; and four supplemental phytase levels (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg). Fingerlings with an average weight of 9.42 ± 0.02 grams (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into six experimental groups of three replicates, each containing 25 fish per tank (75 liters of water), provided with experimental diets at a rate equivalent to 5% of their body weight for 90 days, and uneaten feed was collected after 2 hours to determine feed consumption. The feces were collected before feeding to estimate digestibility. Phytase in combination with the RPC-based diet significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced phytate phosphorus in vitro hydrolysis; growth performance; nutrient (crude protein, crude fat, moisture and gross energy) and mineral (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Mn and Cu) digestibility; digestive enzyme (protease, lipase and amylase) activity; and mineral deposition up to 1000 FTU/kg phytase. However, the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices and carcass composition were not influenced (p > 0.05) by phytase supplementation. Increasing phytase supplementation in the RPC-based diets led to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the serum biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase activity, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), which resulted in improved liver health. In conclusion, phytase-supplemented RPC-based diets improved the growth, mineral/nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, serum biochemistry, and mineral deposition of L. rohita fingerlings up to 1000 FTU/kg. Broken line regression analysis revealed that the optimum phytase concentration in the RPC-based diet for L. rohita was 874.19 FTU/kg.

The ameliorative role of germinated fenugreek and barley grains on the structure and function of offspring’s tibialis muscle maternally fed on high fat diet

ABSTRACT This research demonstrates the impact of maternal high fat diet (HFD) consumption on the structure and function of the rat offspring tibialis muscle and investigates the protective potential of germinating fenugreek (Trigonella arabica) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on four distinct groups (HFD, HFD with fenugreek, HFD with barley and control group). Results revealed adverse effects on tibialis muscle and beneficial microbia in the intestine of offspring of HFD group. There were fluctuations in the levels of biochemical markers indicating potential implications for physiological processes within tibialis muscle. Lipid peroxidation and apoptotic factor caspase3 were increased in HFD group, while antioxidants in tibialis muscle were decreased along with increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin resistance in serum. HFD induced inflammatory cells and degenerated muscle fibers with accumulated fat droplets and atrophied mitochondria. Dietary supplementation of either germinating barley and fenugreek grains showed modulatory improvement in antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and apoptotic activity in both muscle fibers. These findings highlight the significance of dietary interventions, especially the inclusion of natural grains, in mitigating negative health outcomes in offspring due to maternal HFD consumption.

A Meta-Analysis of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions of Beef Cattle

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and enteric methane emissions of beef cattle using a meta-analytic approach. The final meta-analysis database included results from 15 scientific articles. The response variables were analyzed through random effects models, where the results were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) between the treatments without 3-NOP and those supplemented with 3-NOP. The dietary inclusion of 3-NOP decreased (p &lt; 0.001) dry matter intake but did not affect (p &gt; 0.05) average daily gain and increased (p &lt; 0.05) feed efficiency. In the rumen, 3-NOP supplementation increased (p &lt; 0.01) the pH and ruminal concentration of propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate. In contrast, dietary supplementation with 3-NOP decreased (p &lt; 0.001) the rumen concentration of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and the acetate/propionate ratio. Furthermore, daily methane (CH4) emission, CH4 yield, and CH4 emission as a percentage of gross energy ingested decreased (p &lt; 0.001) in response to 3-NOP dietary supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve feed efficiency and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle and, at the same time, reduce enteric methane emissions.

Measuring the impact of dietary supplementation with citrus or cucumber extract on chicken gut microbiota using 16s rRNA gene sequencing.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplements, citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), on the jejunum and cecum microbiota of 14- and 28-days old broiler chickens to evaluate their impact on the gut health and assess their role as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (ABGPs). 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed the overall bacterial microbiota composition was significantly affected by the gut site (p?<?0.001) but not by either of the dietary supplements, CTS and CMB, at both 14 and 28 days of age. However, as a result of Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSE), CTS dietary supplements significantly increased the counts of Lactobacillus (p?<?0.01) and decreased the counts of Enterococcus (p?<?0.01) and Clostridium (p?<?0.05) in the jejunum, whereas the counts of Blautia were increased (p?<?0.01) and Enterococcus were decreased (p?<?0.05) in the cecum at both ages. Only minor CMB effects were identified in the cecum and non in the jejunum. The use of CTS dietary supplements has been shown to be associated to the reduction of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus and Clostridium) and to the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Blautia) which are known to have positive effects on chicken health in terms of nutrients absorption, stimulation and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Therefore, this study suggests that the use of a CTS supplemented diet could promote gut health while no clear advantages have been identified with the use of CMB as a dietary supplement.