Vegetable Oil Supplementation Research Articles

Addition of pyroligneous extract (wood vinegar) to the diet of growing and finishing pigs

The search for growth promoters from natural resources is essential for swine breeding. This study evaluated the effect of including different levels of eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV) in the swine diet on the performance, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass, and diarrhea index. Twenty-four crossbred females (Pietrain, Landrace, and Large White lines) were used, with an average initial weight of 31.2 + 5.6 kg. The animals received feed and water ad libitum. The feed was composed of corn, soybean meal, vegetable oil, and commercial supplement (evimix), and the dietary experiments consisted of rising levels of pyroligneous extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%). At the end of the experimental period (72 days), when the animals had an average weight of 97.5 kg, the following performance parameters were measured: daily feed consumption (DFC), daily weight gain (DWG), food recovery (FR), and quantitative and qualitative carcass limits. The results demonstrated no linear or quadratic effect (P<0.05) on the growth phase between treatments. However, considering the total period (growth phase + termination) of the animals in the 1% group, they presented a linear effect (P<0.05) for DFC but no significant effect for DWG and FR. There was no difference (P<0.05) between quantitative and qualitative carcass values. Evaluation of the diarrhea index showed that the WV did not change like the animals' feces. So, WV can be used up to 1.5% of the diet of these animals without causing damage to performance or carcass quality, in addition to shortening the time to slaughter by 10%.

Effect of Sunflower Oil Supplementation on Milk Production, Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Blood Metabolites of Mehsana Buffaloes

Background: In early post-partum buffaloes, feed intake is generally insufficient to meet the energy demand for milk production; as a consequence, body reserves are mobilized which can result in metabolic disorders and poor production performance. In order to enhance energy intake and reduce the detrimental effects of a negative energy balance, buffalo diets may be supplemented with lipids/vegetable oil. Some reported benefits of vegetable oil supplementation include increased energy concentration in the diet, reduced supply of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates, and better productive performance. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop in India. Sunflower seed contains about 48-53 percent of edible oil. Recent studies demonstrated that sunflower oil supplementation improved the milk production and nutritional quality of milk fat which is beneficial to human health. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil supplementation on production performance of lactating Mehsana buffalo. Methods: Three experimental groups were as, CON: fed on basal diet (Control), SO125: fed basal diet supplemented with 125 ml of sunflower oil/animal/day and SO250: fed basal diet supplemented with 250 ml of sunflower oil/animal/day for a period of 90 days. Result: There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) in DM intake of lactating buffaloes among the dietary treatments. Dietary inclusion of sunflower oils improved milk yield by 17.9 to 20.7%, 6% FCM yield by 16.4 to 22.9% and ECM yield by 16.0 to 23.0% in SO125 and SO250 groups, respectively as compared to the CON. There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) in milk composition and yields of milk components. The milk fatty acid percentages of C20:0 and C24:0 were significantly decreased due feeding of sunflower oil as compared to the CON. Feeding of sunflower oil did not influence milk fat short chain, medium chain, saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in lactating Mehsana buffaloes. The serum concentrations of glucose, total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, ALT and AST were not affected (P greater than 0.05) by supplementation of sunflower oil, however, serum cholesterol concentration was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in SO125 and SO250 groups as compared to the CON group.

Feeding and Nutritional Factors That Affect Somatic Cell Counts in Milk of Sheep and Goats.

The purpose of this quantitative review is to highlight the effects of feeding strategies using some mineral, vitamin, marine oil, and vegetable essential oil supplements and some agri-food by-products to reduce SCCs in the milk of sheep and goats. According to the results, only specific dietary factors at specific doses could reduce SCCs in the milk of dairy sheep and goats. The combination of Se and vitamin E in the diet was more effective in sheep than in goats, while the inclusion of polyphenols, which are also present in food matrices such as agro-industrial by-products, led to better results. Some essential oils can be conveniently used to modulate SCCs, although they can precipitate an off-flavoring problem. This work shows that SCCs are complex and cannot be determined using a single experimental factor, as intramammary inflammation, which is the main source of SC in milk, can manifest in a subclinical form without clinical signs. However, attention to mineral and vitamin supplementation, even in the most difficult cases, such as those of grazing animals, and the use of anti-inflammatory substances directly or through by-products, can improve the nutritional condition of animals and reduce their SCCs, offering undeniable benefits for the milk-processing sector as well.

KONSENTRASI HORMON TESTOSTERON DAN PROFIL DARAH SAPI BALI YANG DIBERI CHROMOLAENA ODORATA, ANALOG HIDROKSI METIONIN DAN MINYAK NABATI (Testosterone hormone concentration and blood profile of bali cows given chromolaena odorata, hydroxy analogues .....)

The study aims to investigate the influence of supplementation of hydroxy methionine analogues (HMA) and vegetable oils (VO) on testosterone hormone levels and physiological profile of blood plasma of fattening Bali cattle. A randomized block design with four treatments and four tests was used in the study. Sixteen male Bali cattle with a body weight range of 78-183 kg with CV of 25.33% were used. The ration containeds 18% protein and ME = 16 MJ/kg DM with a target weight gain of 0.6 kg/day. The ration is prepared with a protein content of 18% and metabolic energy = 16 MJ / kg BK with a target of weight gain of 0.6 kg / day. Concentrate is given as much as 3% of body weight while rice straw and drinking water are provided ad libitum. The treatment were as follows: RA = concentrate containing C. odorata flour + rice straw ad libitum (control); RB = RA + 3 g HMA; RC = RA + 0.5% VO and RD = RA + 3 g HMA + 0.5% VO. The variables measured were as follows: testosterone hormone, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leucocytes and hematocrit. The results showed that the supplementation of HMA and VO had no significant effect (P˃0.05) on testosterone hormone levels and physiological profile of blood plasma of the study livestock. It was concluded that the use of AHM and VO had no impact on changes in testosterone hormone concentrations and blood profiles of study cattle

Dietary supplementation with vegetable oils with low n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios improves the intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition of growingfinishing pigs

This study investigated the effects of different n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios in pig diets using vegetable oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of pigs. Fiftyfour cross-bred growing pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc; 45.03 ± 1.72 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three isoenergetic diets: the 1) basal diet (control), 2) RAPO diet (diet supplemented with 4.5% rapeseed oil), and 3) MIXO diet (diet supplemented with 2.25% rapeseed oil and 2.25% linseed oil), with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of approximately 13:1, 7:1, and 2:1, respectively. The experiment lasted 42 days. The RAPO and MIXO diets did not affect the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs, while the content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and glucose (GLU) in the serum decreased substantially. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content increased by 19.25% and 20.11% in the LM of pigs fed the RAPO and MIXO diets, respectively, and lower cooking loss and drip loss of meat were observed only in pigs fed the MIXO diet. The RAPO and MIXO diets decreased the stearic acid and palmitoleic acid levels, increased the total PUFA levels (including those of α-linolenic and linoleic acid), and decreased the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios in LM and SAT. However, the MIXO diet was more effective in improving the fatty acid composition. A mixed oil diet with an n6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 is an effective measure for improving meat quality.

Effects of ca-soap protected vegetables oil in dairy ration on rumen fermentability and in vitro digestibility

Supplementing dairy ration with Ca-soap vegetable oils rich in unsaturated fatty acid components increases the fatty acid profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels in dairy milk, but it might reduce fermentability and digestibility. This study aimed to identify the effect of vegetable oil supplementation protected by Ca-soap on rumen fermentability and digestibility. Parameters observed included pH score, protozoa population, total VFA (volatile fatty acid), ammonia concentration, dry and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibility. The results showed that increasing Ca-soap-protected vegetable oil levels in dairy ration significantly decreased (P<0.05) pH score, protozoa population, NH3 concentration, and digestibility. Oil type also significantly influenced all parameters except for microbial fermentation. The interaction effect of oil types and their levels were found in pH score, protozoa population, NH3 concentration, DMD, and fiber digestibility in ADF. Vegetable oils that influenced optimally were corn oil and canola oil. It is concluded that Ca-soap-protected vegetable oil supplementation in dairy ration should be less than 4%. It is suggested to study at the lower level. The type of oil used should consider its linoleic acid content and availability.

Betaine and nano-emulsified vegetable oil supplementation for improving carcass and meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions.

This research aimed to examine the effects of water-added betaine (BET) and/or nano-emulsified vegetable oil (MAGO) on carcass and meat quality characteristics of broilers raised under thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. On day 21, 640 birds (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of two thermal conditions (thermoneutral 22 ± 1°C and heat stress 32 ± 1°C) each containing four treatment groups: Control, BET, MAGO, and a mixture of both (BETMAGO) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight groups). Each group has eight replicates, with ten birds each. The birds' carcass and meat quality characteristics were evaluated at 35 days. The dressing percentage, breast, leg, wing, heart, initial pH, color change, cooking loss (CL), water-holding capacity (WHC), shear force (SF), and texture profile with exception of springiness significantly affected by the treatments. The results showed that HS had negative effects on carcass weight and relative weights of the breast, spleen, and heart. Moreover, HS increased dressing percentage, wing, initial pH, final core temperature, initial lightness, WHC, and hardness. Significant differences in interactions between treatments and temperature were observed in the spleen, WHC, and SF. Water supplemented with BET effectively improved carcass dressing percentage, breast weight, and meat quality in terms of water-holding capacity and tenderness under HS conditions. More studies on the use of BET and/or MAGO at different levels were recommended.

Effects of Torreya grandis Kernel Oil on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Flora in C57BL/6J Mice.

Background Recent experimental studies have shown that vegetable oil supplementation ameliorates high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in mice via modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and the composition of the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Torreya grandis kernel oil (TKO) rich in unpolysaturated fatty acid against hyperlipidemia and gain a deep insight into its potential mechanisms. Methods Normal mice were randomly divided into three groups: ND (normal diet), LO (normal diet supplement with 4% TKO), and HO (normal diet supplement with 8% TKO). Hyperlipidemia mice were randomly divided into two groups: HFN (normal diet) and HFO (normal diet supplement with 8% TKO). Blood biochemistry and histomorphology were observed; liver RNA-seq, metabolomics, and gut 16S rRNA were analyzed. Results Continuous supplementation of TKO in normal mice significantly ameliorated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation, decreased blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels. According to GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathways, and significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) might be involved in the metabolism of lipids. High-dose TKO improved gut alpha diversity and beta diversity showing that the microbial community compositions of the five groups were different. Conclusion Supplementation of TKO functions in the prevention of hyperlipidemia via regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and enhancing microbiota richness in normal mice. Our study is the first to reveal the mechanism of TKO regulating blood lipid levels by using multiomics and promote further studies on TKO for their biological activity.

Goat Milk Foodomics. Dietary Supplementation of Sunflower Oil and Rapeseed Oil Modify Milk Amino Acid and Organic Acid Profiles in Dairy Goats.

The dietary supplementation of vegetable oils is known to improve the dietary energy density as well as milk fatty acid profile; however, the impacts on the milk foodome is largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of two different sources of unsaturated fatty acids, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, as a feeding supplement on the milk foodome from dairy goats. Nine Danish Landrace goats at 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days with three animals per group. A control group received a basal diet made of forage and concentrate at an 85:15 ratio. On top of the basal diet, the second and third groups received rapeseed oil or sunflower oil supplements at 4% of dry matter, respectively. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. The milk foodome was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The milk levels of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, oxaloacetic acid, and taurine were higher in the milk from goats fed with sunflower oil compared to the control group. More glucose-1-phosphate was found in the milk from goats fed with rapeseed oil compared to the control group. Amino acids, valine and tyrosine, and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid and oxaloacetic acid were higher in the sunflower group compared to the rapeseed group, while the milk from the rapeseed-fed goats had greater levels of ethanol and 2-oxoglutaric acid compared to the sunflower group. Thus, results show that foodomics is suitable for studying how milk chemistry changes as a function of feeding regime.

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on rumen fermentation and microbial population in ruminant: a review.

Understanding the nature of ruminant nutrition and digestion is essential to improve feeding management and animal production. Among many approaches, manipulating ruminant nutrition and fermentation through feed supplementation is being practised and researched. Over the last decade, the utilization of vegetable oils in feed formulation and their effects on various aspects of ruminants have been reported by many researchers. It is important to understand the lipid metabolism in ruminants by microorganisms because it affects the quality of ruminant-derived products such as meat and milk. Majority of vegetable oil supplementation could reduce rumen protozoa population in ruminants due to the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (FAs). However, vegetable oil also contains unsaturated FAs that are known to have a negative effect on cellulolytic bacteria which could show inhibitory effects of the fibre digestion. In this paper, the physiology of nutrient digestion of ruminants is described. This paper also provides a current review of studies done on improvement and modification of rumen fermentation and microbial population through vegetable oil supplementation.

Effects of Nano Emulsified Vegetable Oil and Betaine on Growth Traits and Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Reared under Cyclic Heat Stress.

Simple SummaryThermal stress is a critical issue for poultry during the summertime. It is imperative to overcome this problem by controlling the environment inside poultry houses or by water additives. This experiment evaluated the effects of two supplements for broilers in water. Nano-emulsified vegetable oil or betaine was used in two groups of broilers. One group was kept under a thermo-neutral temperature (24 °C) while the other was kept under a high temperature (35 °C). The high temperature lasted from 21 to 35 days old. The high-temperature group consumed less feed and suffered significantly from lower daily gain. Moreover, the thermo-neutral group had good meat attributes when compared to the high-temperature group. The two supplements improved the ability of broilers to use feed more efficiently and convert it to body gain compared to the un-supplemented birds. In addition, betaine enhanced carcass characteristics such as breast temperature and pH compared to the control. In summary, the heat challenge caused significant disadvantageous impacts on growth efficiency and meat qualities, while the two supplements used herein improved the performance. Therefore, it is recommended to use these supplements in the case of high temperatures inside broiler houses.The effects of nano-emulsified vegetable oil (NEVO) and betaine (BET) supplements on growth performance and meat qualities of broilers reared under cyclic heat stress (HS) were investigated. Two hundred and eighty-eight mixed-sex broilers at 21 d were randomly distributed to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments formed by two environmental temperatures (thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1 °C) and cyclic high-temperature (HT; 35 ± 1 °C)) and three dietary treatments (control (CON), NEVO, and BET). The cumulative performance (21–35 d) revealed a reduction in average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) in the CON compared to NEVO. NEVO and BET groups had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance efficiency factor (PEF) compared with the CON (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). The environmental temperature affected daily feed intake (DFI), ADG, FCR, and PEF. The addition of BET improved breast fillets yield, temperature, pH15min, and pH24hr (p < 0.05) in comparison with the CON. Moreover, the TN group had lower fillet temperature and higher pH15min compared to the HT. Moreover, HT increased shear force (SF), hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the fillets compared to TN. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with BET and NEVO could effectively improve performance parameters and meat characteristics under HS conditions.

Konsumsi Zat Makanan, Profil dan Metabolit Darah Induk Domba dengan Ransum Kaya Lemak Asal Minyak Nabati

The aimed of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetable fat supplementation in diet upon nutritional intake, the blood profile and metabolite of Garut ewes. Ten ewes with an initial weight of 24.87 ± 4.02 kg were used in this experiment. The feed composition and ingredients used were based on the feed commonly used by Garut sheep breeders. The Sunflower seed oil and canola oil were used as source of vegetables oils. The feeding treatments were R0 (control = without the addition of vegetable oils) and R1 (the ration contains 5% vegetable oil). The data obtained were analyzed by T-Test. Nutrient intakes, including dry matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fat (CF), Crude Fiber (CF) and Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE) were similar between dietary treatment of 5% vegetable oils supplementation and control. While Fat consumption was significantly higher (p&lt;0.01) in vegetable oil supplemented group (R1) compare to control. The results of blood metabolites, including glucose and cholesterol and blood profile (hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocytes) analysis indicate that vegetable oil supplementation can be done without any significant effect. It was concluded that the ration containing 5 percent vegetable oil was not interfere the nutrients consumption, blood profile and metabolite levels of the postpartum ewes, so it can be applied by farmers.

The Effect of Total or Partial Protected Vegetable Oil Supplementation on In Vitro Digestibility, Feed Fermentability and Energy Efficiency

This study was examines the effect of oil (oil palm and corn) combination with the level of protection (total or partial) on feed fermentability, methane production and energy efficiency with in vitro techniques. The experiment was designed using a factorial pattern 2x2, factor A = type of oil (corn and palm) and factor B = oil protection level (total and partial), each treatment combination was repeated 4 times. Data was processed by analyzing various factorial patterns in a randomized block design and if there was an influence between treatments performed by the Dunca test. The results showed that there was no interaction effect (P&gt;0.05) between the types of oil with the level of protection in all parameters, except NH3. Supplementation of palm oil produces total volatyle fatty acids (VFA), acetate and methane (CH4) production higher than corn oil (P&lt;0.05), but the efficiency of converting hexose energy to VFA (ECH) was lower (P&lt;0.05) (76.09 vs 77.80%). Supplementation of total protected oil decreased in the protozoa population, resulting in higher dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD), but lower ECH yield compared to partial protected oil supplementation (P&lt;0.05), ie 76.68 vs 77.22%. The conclusions of the study are corn oil produce of ECH higher than palm oil. Partial protection produce better feed fermentability and increasing energy efficiency in the form of decreasing A/P ratio and methane production.

Effect of Duration of Dietary Rapeseed and Soybean Oil Feeding on Physical Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, and Oxidative Stability of Pig Backfat.

Simple SummaryThe fatty acid profile of pig backfat directly reflects the fatty acid profile of the pig diet. The increased intake of n-3 fatty acids, whose higher content is in vegetable oils, can decrease the risk of heart disease incidence and vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapeseed and soybean oils and the duration of supplementing the pig diet until slaughter on physical characteristics, fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of backfat. With the supplementation of oil in the diet for 6 weeks until slaughter, the value of lightness and perforation part of backfat significantly decreased. A dose of 40 g/kg of rapeseed oil in the last 4 weeks before slaughter is sufficient for improving the fatty acid profile without adversely affecting the consistency of the backfat. From the point of view of human health, rapeseed oil is a more suitable source of unsaturated fatty acid than soybean oil in composing the diet for pigs.This study compared the effect of two vegetable oils and their feeding duration on pig backfat quality. The experiment was conducted with 60 DanBred pigs that were fed a diet supplemented (40 g/kg) with rapeseed or soybean oil for 2, 4 or 6 weeks before slaughter at 152 d of age. The supplementation of both vegetable oils in the diets for 6 weeks negatively changed backfat consistency. The pigs fed soybean oil for 4 (17.64%) and 6 weeks (18.52%) before slaughter showed an increase in backfat linoleic acid content (p = 0.002), whereas, in contrast to the other groups, rapeseed oil in the diet for 6 weeks (2.38%) increased α-linolenic acid content (p = 0.039). The content of PUFAs (p = 0.024) and n-6 PUFAs (p = 0.003) was increased by adding soybean oil to the diet for 4 and 6 weeks. The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs was decreased (p = 0.040) by supplementing rapeseed oil for 4 and 6 weeks. The oil feeding duration decreased (p < 0.001) the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. The lipid oxidative stability of backfat stored for 3 and 5 days increased (p < 0.001) in pigs fed dietary vegetable oils for 6 weeks prior to slaughter. In conclusion, the feeding of rapeseed oil for 4 weeks before slaughter is sufficient for improving the FA profile without negative effect on the consistency of the backfat.

Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P less than 0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P greater than 0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

Supplementation-Dependent Effects of Vegetable Oils with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions on Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Women.

Fatty acid (FA) composition is a determinant of the physiological effects of dietary oils. This study investigated the effects of vegetable oil supplementation with different FA compositions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women on a hypocaloric diet with lifestyle modifications. Seventy-five women (body mass index, BMI, 30–39.9kg/m2) were randomized based on 8-week oil supplementation into four experimental groups: the coconut oil group (CoG, n = 18), the safflower oil group (SafG, n = 19), the chia oil group (ChG, n = 19), and the soybean oil placebo group (PG, n = 19). Pre- and post-supplementation weight, anthropometric parameters, and body fat (%BF), and lean mass percentages (%LM) were evaluated, along with biochemical parameters related to lipid and glycidemic profiles. In the anthropometric evaluation, the CoG showed greater weight loss (Δ% = −8.54 ± 2.38), and reduced BMI (absolute variation, Δabs = −2.86 ± 0.79), waist circumference (Δabs = −6.61 ± 0.85), waist-to-height ratio (Δabs = −0.041 ± 0.006), conicity index (Δabs = −0.03 ± 0.016), and %BF (Δabs = −2.78 ± 0.46), but increased %LM (Δabs = 2.61 ± 1.40) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CoG showed a higher reduction in biochemical parameters of glycemia (Δabs = −24.71 ± 8.13) and glycated hemoglobin (Δabs = −0.86 ± 0.28) (p < 0.001). The ChG showed a higher reduction in cholesterol (Δabs = −45.36 ± 0.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc; Δabs = −42.53 ± 22.65), and triglycerides (Δabs = −49.74 ± 26.3), but an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; abs = 3.73 ± 1.24, p = 0.007). Coconut oil had a more pronounced effect on abdominal adiposity and glycidic profile, whereas chia oil had a higher effect on improving the lipid profile. Indeed, supplementation with different fatty acid compositions resulted in specific responses.

Effect of Supplementation of Vegetable Oils in feed of broiler Rabbits

A study was conducted on48 weaned Soviet Chinchilla rabbits to evaluate the effect of supplementation of vegetable oils with respect to growth and reproductive performance. The rabbits were divided into four groups of twelve each. First group (T1) fed on basal diet alone, second group (T2) fed on basal diet supplemented with rice bran oil @ 2 per cent level, third group (T3) fed on basal diet supplemented with palm oil @2 per cent level and fourth group (T4) fed on basal diet supplemented with both rice bran oil and palm oil each @ one per cent level. The result of the study reveals thatrabbits fed basal diet with 2 per cent palm oil group (T3) had significantly (P less than 0.01) lower cumulative dry matter intake,better average daily and cumulative weight gain ,and also feed conversion ratio as compared to other treatment groups.Rabbits supplemented with palm oil 2 per cent level (T3) mated significantly (P less than 0.01) earlier than other groups . The mean litter size at birth was not significantly differed among treatment groups. The litter size at weaning was significantly higher in T3 and T4 .Similarly, litter weight at weaning was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in T3 and T4 groups. Higher net income (Rs. 618.29 per animal) was recorded in rabbits supplemented with palm oil alone (T3) group than other groups.

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers

The study was conducted to compare the vegetable oil supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 150 day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided in to three treatment groups: T0 = Control (basal diet), T1: Soybean oil (basal diet + 2% soybean oil on DM basis) and T2: Palm oil (basal diet + 2% palm oil on DM basis) consisting 5 replications having 10 birds in a completely randomized design. The results of this study showed that dietary vegetable oil supplementation increased average weekly live weight (AWLW) at 3rd, 4th and 5th week of age (P&lt;0.05). Although average weekly feed intake (AWFI) remained unchanged until 2nd week, it was significantly reduced at 4th and 5th week both in soybean and palm oil supplementation (P&lt;0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers (feed/gain) was decreased in soybean and palm oil supplementation and mostly in palm oil supplementation (P&lt;0.05). Carcass characteristics of broiler meat remained unchanged in different treatment groups except for wing meat weight, dressed weight, drumstick meat weight and digestive tract weight (P&lt;0.05). Highest dressed weight (DW) found in soybean oil group compared to control and palm oil at 5th week of age (P&lt;0.05). Whereas increased digestive tract weight (DTW) was observed in soybean oil relative to control and palm oil group (P&lt;0.05). Net return (NR) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) were also higher in vegetable oil supplemented groups compared to control (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of vegetable oil increased growth performance, dressed weight and profitability in broiler rearing

Influence of supplemental canola or soybean oil on milk yield, fatty acid profile and postpartum weight changes in grazing dairy goats.

ObjectiveThis experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with soybean or canola oil on milk production and the composition of long chain fatty acids as well as weight changes in the goats and their kids.MethodsThirty nine mulitparous crossed Alpine×Nubian goats (initial body weight [BW] 43.5±1.7 kg) from the day of parturition were assigned to the treatments: grazing control (n = 15); grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental soybean oil (n = 12); and grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental canola oil (n = 12) from November 26, 2014 to March 7, 2015. The planned contrasts were: CI (control vs supplemented with oils); CII (soybean vs canola oil) to compare the treatment effects.ResultsThe vegetable oil supplementation reduced weight losses in lactating goats (CI: −0.060 vs 0.090 kg/d; p = 0.03) but did not improve milk production or affect kids’ growth. The content of C4, C6, C8, C10, C11, C14, and C18:1n9t in the milk was increased (p<0.05) with respect to control. However, C12, C14, C16, C18, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, and C18:3n3 were reduced (p<0.05) in supplemented goats. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with oils compared to the control group.ConclusionSupplementation with 20 mL/d of soybean or canola oil did not affect milk production or kids’ performance; however, it increased CLA concentration and reduced the reduced weight losses in lactating goats.

Sequential Injection Chromatography with an Ultra-short Monolithic Column for the Low-Pressure Separation of α-Tocopherol and γ-Oryzanol in Vegetable Oils and Nutrition Supplements.

A low-pressure separation procedure of α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol was developed based on a sequential injection chromatography (SIC) system coupled with an ultra-short (5 mm) C-18 monolithic column, as a lower cost and more compact alternative to the HPLC system. A green sample preparation, dilution with a small amount of hexane followed by liquid-liquid extraction with 80% ethanol, was proposed. Very good separation resolution (Rs = 3.26), a satisfactory separation time (10 min) and a total run time including column equilibration (16 min) were achieved. The linear working range was found to be 0.4 - 40 μg with R2 being more than 0.99. The detection limits of both analytes were 0.28 μg with the repeatability within 5% RSD (n = 7). Quantitative analyses of the two analytes in vegetable oil and nutrition supplement samples, using the proposed SIC method, agree well with the results from HPLC.