Supplementation Of Probiotic Bacteria Research Articles

Dietary Probiotic Supplementation on Hematological and Immunological Parameters of Indian Major Carp (Labeo rohita)

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) to improve the hematological and immunological parameters of Indian Major carp Rohu (Labeo rohita). The rohu Fingerlings (mean body weight 6.0±0.6g) were randomly distributed into Four treatment groups each having 10 fishes fed with basal diet and a probiotic supplement containing L. acidophilus (1.0×107 CFU/g), then challenged with A. hydrophila (0.1 × 107 CFU/mL) was injected intraperitoneally with 0.1ml concentration of 107 CFU/ml on 55th day. After 72 hours, the blood samples were collected from five fish from each group. The hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL), red blood cell (RBC; ×106/mm3), white blood cell (WBC; ×103/mm3), and Packed corpuscular volume (PCV) along with immunological parameters of total immunoglobulin, serum lysozyme activity, and Aminotransferases were examined and compared with the control group. The fish fed with probiotics showed significant improvement in hematological and Immunological Parameters (P≤0.05) as compared to control. This study proved that probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus are resistant to pathogenic A. hydrophila and can contribute to improving the immune system, survival rate, and growth of experimental fish against the fish pathogen A. hydrophila.

Effect of Inulin Source and a Probiotic Supplement in Pig Diets on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Finishing Pigs.

Simple SummaryFructooligosaccharides, including inulin, are prebiotics involved in the regulation of bacterial flora, intestinal health, and metabolism in animals. Oligosaccharides and inulin-containing plants are the subject of numerous studies around the world. Inulin is an important oligosaccharide, considered a prebiotic in the diet of humans and animals. In this study, we examined the effect of the supplementation of probiotic bacteria in the diet with inulin or dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers on the performance, pig meat quality, and fatty acid profile of meat and backfat, which provided novel information on the use of these additives in livestock production. An improvement in the antioxidant status of meat and in the water-holding capacity, as well as a reduction in the shear force after the addition of both prebiotics can be mentioned as the pertinent results. However, the meat sensory traits were unchanged by supplementation with the prebiotics and probiotics. This study forms part of the current global work on feed additives that support animals’ health and concurrently allow the use of antibiotic treatments to be limited. Therefore, the results of this experiment are of great practical importance and can be proposed for use in pig farming as part of the intensive work which is underway across the EU to reduce the use of antibiotics. In addition, meat with higher quality and a longer shelf life derived from pigs fed with feed containing additives of natural origin are sought by consumers who value healthy and safe food.In this experiment, we investigated the effect of the supplementation of probiotic bacteria in the diet with inulin or dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers on the performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in the meat and backfat of fatteners. One hundred and forty-four crossbred pigs (PIC × Penarlan P76) were divided into six groups and fattened from 30 to 114 kg. The meat proximate composition, pH, color, texture, shear force, water-holding capacity, sensory attributes, and thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were measured. Normal post-mortem meat glycolysis was demonstrated and no meat defects were present. The chemical constituents in muscle tissues were similar, except for intramuscular fat (IMF). The addition of the prebiotics resulted in a higher IMF level, whereas a significantly lower content was found after the probiotic supplementation. Meat from both prebiotic groups was lighter, less red, and more yellow and showed a higher hue angle. The addition of both prebiotics significantly improved the antioxidant status of meat (by approximately 16% and 18%) and the water-holding capacity (less free water and higher M/T ratios), but reduced shear force (by 17%, p ≤ 0.05) and hardness (by 39% and 35%, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). The addition of the prebiotics and probiotics had no effect on any of the evaluated sensory attributes.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Probiotic Bacteria Obtained from Fermented Tchoukoutou on the Production Performance of Local and Exotic Guinea Fowl

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Probiotic Bacteria Obtained from Fermented Tchoukoutou on the Production Performance of Local and Exotic Guinea Fowl

Bacillus mycoides supplemented diet modulates the health status, gut microbiota and innate immune response of freshwater crayfish marron (Cherax cainii)

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria, Bacillus mycoides on the gut microbiota and health status of marron (Cherax cainii) under laboratory conditions. A total of 40 marron were randomly distributed into eight different tanks and two different groups in quadruplicates. The control group were fed only basal marron pellet while the second group were fed 108 CFU/g of probiotic bacteria in the diet. After 60 days of feeding trial, the health and immune indices of marron including protein and energy in the tail muscle, and total haemocyte counts in the haemolymph were positively influenced (p < 0.05) by the probiotic diet. The 16S rRNA sequence data revealed distinctly different microbial communities in the hindgut of marron with two different feeds after trial where Vibrio and Holdemania were the significantly abundant bacteria in the control and probiotic fed groups, respectively. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis revealed upregulation of cytokine genes associated with the immunity and health status of crayfish indicated the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on the immune status of marron. Our results suggest that the diet supplemented with probiotic bacteria B. mycoides positively influenced the health status, immune indices and microbial composition of the marron gastrointestinal tract.

Meta-omics technologies reveals beneficiary effects of Lactobacillus plantarum as dietary supplements on gut microbiota, immune response and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Streptococcosis has been emerged as major threat for mass mortality of cultured tilapia in Bangladesh. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum on biochemical composition, gut microbiota, innate immune response and disease resistance of Oreochromis niloticus against Enterococcus faecalis, the causative agent of streptococcosis in tilapia farming. A total of 60 fish were randomly distributed into six different aquaria with two distinct treatment groups, viz. control and probiotic. After 7 days acclimation, control group was fed with commercial tilapia feed while probiotic group was served with 1.02 × 109 CFU/mL per kg of L. plantarum supplemented diet for 56 days. At the end of trial, the results showed no significant changes in growth and biochemical composition of fish meat, however, the probiotic diet significantly modulated the gut microbiota, improved innate immune response and disease resistance of experimental tilapia. Significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus and upregulation of cytokine genes were detected in post-feeding probiotic fish gut, wherein differentially abundant bacteria were found positively correlated with the immune gene expression. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria revealed significant reduction of mortality following injection with 2 × 105 CFU/mL of E. faecalis. The results of this study, suggest that dietary supplementation of L. plantarum could be used as potent probiotic to control streptococcosis in commercial tilapia farming.

Muscle characteristics in chicks challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis and the effect of preventive application of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to assess the effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium AL41 (EF) and of the enteric pathogen Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE) on the development of posthatch pectoralis major muscle (PM) of broiler chicks. The four experimental groups were control (CON), EF, SE, and EF+SE (EFSE). EF and SE were given per os from days 1 to 7 and at day 4 posthatch, respectively. Muscle samples from 6 chicks per group were taken at day 8 (D8) and day 11 (D11) to evaluate PM myofiber growth, capillarization, DNA, RNA, and protein content, as well as enzyme activities (isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase). PM growth rate was 7.45 ± 2.7 g/d in non-SE groups (CON, EF) and 5.10 ± 1.82 g/d in SE-infected groups (P < 0.02). Compared with group CON, application of bacteria (groups EF and SE) reduced the fiber cross-sectional area (246 and 262 vs. 347 ± 19 μm2) and the number of myonuclei per fiber (0.66 and 0.64 vs. 0.79 ± 0.03). At D11, hypertrophic myofiber growth normalized in the EF group, but negative effects persisted in SE and EFSE birds contributing to lower daily PM gain. In addition, SE infection strongly disturbed PM capillarization. Negative effects on capillary cross-sectional area and on the area (%) covered by capillaries persisted until D11 in the SE group, whereas pre-feeding of EF restored capillarization in the EFSE group to control levels. We conclude that supplementation of the probiotic bacteria EF AL41 had positive effects on PM capillarization and, thus, on delivery of O2, supply of nutrients, and removal of metabolites. Supplementation of probiotic bacteria might therefore reduce energetic stress and improve muscle health and meat quality during SE infection.

Improving productive performance and mitigating harmful emissions from laying hen excreta via feeding on graded levels of corn DDGS with or without Bacillus subtilis probiotic.

An experiment that included some inclusions of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with or without supplementation of probiotic bacteria to Hi-sex Brown laying hen diets was conducted to evaluate the impacts on performance, egg quality, blood metabolites and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in the manure. A total of 216 twenty-two-week-old Hi-sex Brown laying hens were randomly divided into eight treatment groups in a factorial design (4×2) experiment, which included four levels of DDGS (0, 50, 100 and 150g/kg diet) plus two levels of Bacillus subtilis probiotic (0 or 1000mg/kg diet, with a concentration of 1.5×108 CFU/g of dried product). The experimental period extended from 22 to 34weeks of age. The results showed that linear increase in DDGS level up to 150g/kg improved (p≤0.01) the values of feed consumption, egg shape index and yolk colour compared to the control and other treatment groups. Inclusion of dietary DDGS up to 150g/kg in layer diets led to a significant decrease in egg mass and a significant increase in Haugh unit score compared to other groups. In the bacillus group, the values of feed conversion, egg weight and egg mass enhanced by 6.45, 3.27 and 7.60% respectively compared with the control diet. Total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium and ammonia in serum were significantly (p≤0.01) influenced by DDGS inclusion. The excreted nitrogen decreased by 8.62 and 4.31% in hens fed 50 or 100g/kg of DDGS respectively, while excreted phosphorous decreased by 3.33, 7.22 and 10.56% in hens fed 50, 100 or 150g/kg of DDGS respectively as compared to the control group. It could be concluded that increasing DDGS inclusion level in the diet up to 10% and the supplementation of probiotic bacteria improved the productive performance of laying hens and mitigated the harmful emissions from chicken manure; this means better production within environmentally friendly conditions.

Dietary supplementation of Bifidobacterium longum strain AH1206 increases its cecal abundance and elevates intestinal interleukin-10 expression in the neonatal piglet

Intestinal microbiota of infants differ in response to gestational age, delivery mode and feeding regimen. Dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria is one method of promoting healthy populations. We examined the impact of a novel probiotic strain of Bifidobacterium longum (AH1206) on the health, growth and development of neonatal pigs as a model for infants. Day-old pigs were fed milk-based formula containing AH1206 at 0, 10⁹, or 10¹¹ CFU/d for 18 d (n=10/treatment). Differences were not detected in growth, organ weights or body temperatures (P>0.1); however pigs fed the high dose showed a small (2%) reduction in feed intake. Bacterial translocation was not affected as indicated by total anaerobic and aerobic counts (CFU) in samples of spleen, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes (P>0.1). Feeding AH1206 had no effects on fecal consistency, but increased the density of B. longum in the cecum. Ileal TNF expression tended to increase (P=0.08) while IL-10 expression increased linearly (P=0.01) with supplementation. Based upon findings in the suckling piglet model, we suggest that dietary supplementation with B. longum (AH1206) may be safe for human infants based on a lack of growth, development or deleterious immune-related effects observed in piglets.

Transcriptional Analysis of Prebiotic Uptake and Catabolism by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

The human gastrointestinal tract can be positively modulated by dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria in combination with prebiotic carbohydrates. Here differential transcriptomics and functional genomics were used to identify genes in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM involved in the uptake and catabolism of 11 potential prebiotic compounds consisting of α- and β- linked galactosides and glucosides. These oligosaccharides induced genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase systems (PTS), galactoside pentose hexuronide (GPH) permease, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. PTS systems were upregulated primarily by di- and tri-saccharides such as cellobiose, isomaltose, isomaltulose, panose and gentiobiose, while ABC transporters were upregulated by raffinose, Polydextrose, and stachyose. A single GPH transporter was induced by lactitol and galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The various transporters were associated with a number of glycoside hydrolases from families 1, 2, 4, 13, 32, 36, 42, and 65, involved in the catabolism of various α- and β-linked glucosides and galactosides. Further subfamily specialization was also observed for different PTS-associated GH1 6-phospho-β-glucosidases implicated in the catabolism of gentiobiose and cellobiose. These findings highlight the broad oligosaccharide metabolic repertoire of L. acidophilus NCFM and establish a platform for selection and screening of both probiotic bacteria and prebiotic compounds that may positively influence the gastrointestinal microbiota.

Probiotics prevent IgE-associated allergy until age 5 years in cesarean-delivered children but not in the total cohort

Less microbial exposure in early childhood is associated with more allergic disease later. Allergic children have a different fecal microflora, with less lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Beneficial effects regarding the development of allergy have been suggested to come through probiotic supplementation. We sought to study the effect of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation in preventing allergies. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study we randomized 1223 mothers with infants at high risk for allergy to receive a probiotic mixture (2 lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and propionibacteria) or placebo during the last month of pregnancy and their infants to receive it from birth until age 6 months. Infants also received a prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide or placebo. At 5 years, we evaluated the cumulative incidence of allergic diseases (eczema, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and IgE sensitization. Of the 1018 intent-to-treat infants, 891 (88%) attended the 5-year visit. Frequencies of allergic and IgE-associated allergic disease and sensitization in the probiotic and placebo groups were similar: 52.6% versus 54.9% and 29.5% versus 26.6%, respectively, and 41.3% in both. No significant difference appeared in frequencies of eczema (39.3% vs 43.3%), atopic eczema (24.0% vs 25.1%), allergic rhinitis (20.7% vs 19.1%), or asthma (13.0% vs 14.1%) between groups. However, less IgE-associated allergic disease occurred in cesarean-delivered children receiving probiotics (24.3% vs 40.5%; odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23% to 0.96%; P = .035). No allergy-preventive effect that extended to age 5 years was achieved with perinatal supplementation of probiotic bacteria to high-risk mothers and children. It conferred protection only to cesarean-delivered children.

Immune Responses and Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Induced by Probiotic Bacterium Arthrobacter XE‐7 in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract A 63‐d feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE‐7 on immune responses and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The probiotic bacteria were administered orally at four different doses of 0, 106, 108, and 1010 colony‐forming unit (CFU)/g feed for shrimp. On Day 50, the shrimp were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by bath. On Days 7, 21, 49, and 63, six shrimp per tank were sampled to take intestine and hemolymph. With increasing dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria, shrimp mortality decreased from 63.16% (the control) to 55.9% (106 CFU/g feed), 51.75% (108 CFU/g feed), and 51.78% (1010 CFU/g feed), respectively. Vibrio counts in intestine of shrimp fed probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE‐7 was generally lower than that in the control shrimp (P &lt; 0.05). The probiotic bacteria generally increased the immune parameters in shrimp, that is, total hemocyte counts, percentage phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and serum phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE‐7 can be used as probiotic in shrimp feed.