Supplementary Source Research Articles

Unlocking Dairy Potential in Dry Zones: Analyzing Constraints and Opportunities in Mahaweli System H, Eppawala Block

Dairy farming is a cornerstone of agricultural livelihoods in Sri Lanka's Mahaweli System H, particularly in the Eppawala Block. This study investigates the socio-economic profiles, management practices, and challenges faced by 250 dairy farmers in this region, where crop and livestock production are vital for poverty alleviation. While Eppawala contributes about 7.1% of the national milk output, farmers encounter significant barriers such as high production costs, limited grazing lands, inconsistent water availability, and inadequate marketing infrastructure. The survey revealed that dairy farming is predominantly a supplementary income source, with only a minority earning over Rs. 50,000 monthly through entrepreneurial practices. Key constraints include escalating feed costs, poor access to quality breeding stock, and limited youth involvement. Furthermore, insufficient veterinary care, credit facilities, and milk collection networks exacerbate these challenges. Despite these issues, the findings highlight the potential for targeted interventions to unlock growth. Enhancing resource access, promoting sustainable feed and fodder practices, and strengthening capacity-building initiatives are critical steps. Strategies such as improved pasture management, incentivizing local dairy processing, and creating efficient market linkages could transform the sector. These adaptive measures, supported by robust policies, are essential to transition dairy farming from subsistence to a market-oriented industry. This study underscores the importance of addressing socio-economic and infrastructural constraints to bolster rural livelihoods, enhance national milk self-sufficiency, and harness the untapped potential of dairy farming in dry zone agriculture.

„ЧАША НЕГОТИНЦАˮ ОГЛАШАВАЊЕ У ЛИСТУ СРПСКА ВОЈСКА 1908–1912. ГОДИНЕ

In Serbia, as well as in other countries, during the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, including the war period of 1912–1918, more than twenty newspapers and magazines with military or predominantly military themes were published. Several magazines, such as Ratnik and Službeni vojni list, had the character of government gazettes. Most other magazines had the characteristics of independent, or more precisely, private periodicals, with a very short lifespan. One of the rare exceptions was the Serbian Army, published from 1908 to 1912. A common feature of all military papers, including official ones, was the lack of material resources. Subscriptions to individual newspapers, as the main source of their financing, were scarce, which due to the small number of subscribers, including irregular billing, was one of the main reasons for infrequent publication. Therefore, everyone, including the official military press, resorted to advertising as a supplementary source of funds. The analysis of the advertising space of the Serbian Army is an example applicable to practically all military magazines, with the emphasis that here, as in others, advertisements were very often not military-themed.

Role of scalp arteries in revascularization after side to side anastomosis in moyamoya disease patients

In our recent study, we introduced a novel side-to-side (S-S) bypass technique for adult moyamoya disease (MMD) patients. We aimed to validate the potential of this technique in enhancing postoperative revascularization. Patients undergoing S-S or end-to-side (E-S) bypass were enrolled, clinical data and angiography parameters were collected and compared. We included 44 E-S and 40 S-S MMD patients. There were no significant differences in basic characteristics and postoperative Matsushima grades between the two groups. However, in the S-S group, fewer patients had Matsushima grade D (0%) compared to the E-S group (11.4%, P = 0.028). The S-S group showed a greater occipital artery (OA) participation in revascularization (87.5% vs. 56.8%, P = 0.002) and higher postoperative caliber change ratio (CCR) of the superficial temporal artery (STA)-frontal branch (1.26 ± 0.43 vs. 1.04 ± 0.53, P = 0.038) compared to the E-S group. This difference was more pronounced in the subgroup with poor revascularization outcomes: in the S-S group, the CCR of the STA-frontal branch and the degree of participation in revascularization were 1.163 ± 0.168 and 58.8%, respectively, while in the E-S group, they were only 0.798 ± 0.494 and 6.7%. The S-S group also had a higher OA CCR (1.133 ± 0.257) and participation (82.4%) compared to the E-S group (0.941 ± 0.216 and 37.5%, respectively). In conclusion, the S-S bypass technique effectively utilizes scalp arteries, particularly the STA-frontal branch and OA, for direct revascularization via the preserved distal STA in adult MMD patients. Scalp arteries can serve as a supplementary source of donor arteries, especially beneficial for patients with suboptimal revascularization outcomes.

Design and Implementation of Solar-Powered Pumping System in IKN Nusantara Area

Solar-powered pumping systems are an alternative to providing a sustainable and independent water source. This system declines the dependency on fossil fuels, which generate no greenhouse gas emissions while operating. This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance testing of a solar-powered submersible water pump in Bumi Harapan and Bukit Raya Village to provide a supplementary water source for residents. To meet the daily water supply requirement of 10 m3 in two identical water towers, a 1.1 kW rated power water pump and a 2.2 kW photovoltaic system are chosen. A solar pump controller with the ability to switch power sources from photovoltaic to grid is used in the system to maintain a consistent water supply if needed. Based on performance simulations using PVSyst software, the designed systems cannot fulfill daily water requirements. However, they are expected to fill both water towers with a daily average supply of 5.78 m3 for the Bumi Harapan site and 9.23 m3 for the Bukit Raya site. These inabilities occurred because the pumps must operate with an elevation head that is more remarkable than the specifications. Performance tests using a solar power meter (SPM) and power quality analyzer (PQA) showed that the electric submersible pump (ESP) will supply water with a flow rate that depends on solar irradiance. Based on the data collection, the ESP successfully operates near its rated capacity during the peak sun hour.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Used as Functional Feed Supplement or Alternative Protein Source: A Review of the Effects of Different Dietary Inclusion Levels on Production Performance, Health Status, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

The broiler industry is pivotal in meeting the growing global demand for highly nutritious animal protein foods. Hence, there is a continuous interest in identifying novel, alternative, and even unconventional feed resources that could help sustainably support chicken meat production and quality. In this view, the microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira, formerly Spirulina, platensis), due to its unique chemical composition and some ecological advantages offered by its cultivation over traditional agriculture, has attracted great attention in the poultry sector for potential application in broiler diets, either as a functional supplement or a replacer of conventional protein sources such as soybean meal. The studies conducted so far seem to have confirmed many of the initial expectations regarding the advantages that may derive from dietary Spirulina supplementation, documenting its capacity to positively influence the intestinal and general health status of broiler chickens, leading to improved or preserved productive performance (under normal or challenging conditions, respectively), as well as to increased disease resistance and survivability. Furthermore, dietary Spirulina supplementation has been shown to induce positive changes in some important traits of broiler meat quality. However, at present, the inclusion of Spirulina in broiler diet, especially but not solely in relation to the use as an alternative protein source, presents several technical and economic limitations. To increase the overall awareness around the actual usefulness and practical usability of Spirulina as a novel natural component of the broiler diet, this review paper seeks to provide a comprehensive and integrated presentation of what is currently known about this topic, highlighting critical issues that are still pending and would require further research efforts.

Reinforced Borrowing Framework: Leveraging Auxiliary Data for Individualized Inference.

Increasingly during the past decade, researchers have sought to leverage auxiliary data for enhancing individualized inference. Many existing methods, such as multisource exchangeability models (MEM), have been developed to borrow information from multiple supplemental sources to support parameter inference in a primary source. MEM and its alternatives decide how much information to borrow based on the exchangeability of the primary and supplemental sources, where exchangeability is defined as equality of the target parameter. Other information that may also help determine the exchangeability of sources is ignored. In this article, we propose a generalized reinforced borrowing framework (RBF) leveraging auxiliary data for enhancing individualized inference using a distance-embedded prior which uses data not only about the target parameter but also uses different types of auxiliary information sources to "reinforce" inference on the target parameter. RBF improves inference with minimal additional computational burden. We demonstrate the application of RBF to a study investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual activity and transportation behaviors, where RBF achieves 20%-40% lower MSE compared with existing methods.

An Effective Method for Estimating the Population Mean That Utilizes Dual Auxiliary Information

To improve the effectiveness of population estimators, researchers have recently implemented dual supplementary information. They employed traditional rankings, the empirical cumulative distribution function, and indicator functions as supplementary sources of information in their analysis. An improved family of population mean estimators is introduced in this article, which utilizes the relative ranks of the auxiliary information’s configurations to incorporate the relevant information. A first-order approximation is employed to derive the mathematical expressions for the bias and the mean-squared error (MSE) of the proposed family of estimators. The empirical analysis is investigated to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed estimators in real-world scenarios. Additionally, the theoretical conclusions are effectively validated by the Monte Carlo simulation integration. Our results unequivocally indicate that the proposed family of estimators surpasses their current counterparts.

Volunteer mobilisation and old-age support in urban China

In response to demographic and socio-economic shifts in China’s transitional economy, influenced by neo-liberalism, the state has actively encouraged greater volunteer participation in supporting older people in urban China. To understand the effectiveness of volunteer mobilisation for old-age support, 39 qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with older people, supplemented by the views of expert informants including NGO operators, Residents Committee officers, academics and a government official in Beijing and Guangzhou. The findings highlight that older people value the emotional support provided by volunteers. However, policymakers must address challenges related to mobilising volunteers for old-age support. As the state emphasises increased volunteer use to meet the growing needs of older people amid ongoing socio-economic changes, sustaining the long-standing practice of mutual help becomes more difficult. To address this, efforts should focus on establishing a local platform to coordinate volunteer resources, strengthening existing formal community support services with volunteer services serving as a supplementary source and finding ways to sustain young retirees’ involvement as community volunteers, which represents valuable social capital.

Adaptation mechanisms of Alcanivorax facilitating its predominance in marine environments

IntroductionAlcanivorax, a typical alkane-degrading bacterium, has demonstrated the ability to utilize inorganic electron donor in some reports. However, a comprehensive analysis of its potentiality to utilize inorganic electron donor is still lacking.MethodsIn this study, genomic and phylogenetic analyzes were used to explore the potential oxidative capacity of inorganic compounds in Alcanivorax. And its functions were verified through physiological experiments.ResultsThe sulfur oxidation-related genes sqr and tsdA are prevalent and have various evolutionary origins. Potential genes for CO oxidation were present in 39 strains, whereas genes associated with iron, hydrogen, and ammonia oxidation were either rare or absent. The physiological functions of Sqr and TsdA were confirmed in six representative strains under heterotrophic conditions. Adding thiosulfate enhanced Alcanivorax growth. However, Alcanivorax bacteria perform sulfide detoxification through Sqr rather than by gaining energy via sulfide oxidation Although no strain was confirmed to be chemoautotrophs, we discovered that the two clades, A. xenomutans and A. profundimaris, can grow under conditions with very low organic matter.DiscussionThe ability to utilize inorganic compounds as a supplementary energy source and adapt to carbon oligotrophic growth may contribute to the prevalence of Alcanivorax in marine ecosystems.

Waste reduction decreases rat activity from peri-urban environment.

Globally, species in the genus Rattus (specifically Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus), are some of the most influential invasive taxa due to their high rates of competitive exclusion and large dietary breadth. However, the specific foraging strategies of urban-adjacent populations remain largely unknown. We examined Rattus spp. dependency on human food supplementation in a population on adjacent non-developed (or peri-urban) land. Via linear regression modeling, we measured rodent activity changes between native and invasive species before and after a decrease in human supplementation due to the COVID-19 lockdown in Santa Cruz, California, USA. We documented invasive rat activity via camera traps in normal (pre-COVID lockdown) conditions near dining halls and similar waste sources, and again under COVID lockdown conditions when sources of human supplementation were drastically decreased. After 120 trap nights we found a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in Rattus activity after the removal of human refuse, while native small mammal activity remained unchanged (p = 0.1). These results have strong conservation implications, as they support the hypothesis that proper waste management is an effective, less-invasive form of population control over conventional rodenticides.

Purity determination and uncertainty evaluation of L-selenium-methylselenocysteine

In our country, sodium selenite and sodium selenate are still used as nutritional fortifiers of selenium. Both of them are inorganic selenium, the absorption effect of human body is lower, the risk of toxic wind is larger, and it is easy to cause selenium poisoning. L-selenium-methylselenocysteine (L-SeMC) is a good source of organic selenium, which has higher biological activity and availability. At present, L-SeMC solid standard materials have not yet been developed, a high accuracy and low technical requirement method is needed to determine the purity of candidate reference materials (RMs). In this way, the key steps in the development of reference materials can be completed, and provide a source of high quality selenium supplement for people. In this paper, the candidate structures were identified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Homogeneity, together with stability were also measured by HPLC. The sample can be transported for a short period of one month under normal conditions, which can also be stored for a long time within the temperature range of −20 °C to room temperature for more than one year. The purity of L-SeMC measured by mass balance method and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was 99.5 % with an expanded uncertainty of 0.4 % (k = 2). However, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was not suitable for the purity determination of L-SeMC samples. This method has a wide range of applications and may provide a reference for the purity determination of other RMs.

The Planting Of Pueraria Crops In Addressing Food Security: An Investigation Of Woody Crops In Southwest Of China

To comprehensively strengthen the foundation of food security, adopt a holistic view of food, develop facility agriculture, construct a diversified food supply system, and better meet the needs of a better life for the people, is one of the important national strategies of China today. Pueraria crops have a long cultivation history in China, with records dating back to at least the pre-Qin era, they possess high economic and ecological value, and their extensive living cultivation and utilization are still preserved in the mountainous areas of Southwest China, providing an important food source for various ethnic groups in the region. We believe that by achieving a transformation in conceptual framework, introducing facility agricultural technology, cultivating and utilizing pueraria crops in southwest China as an important supplementary food source, reviving the planting of pueraria crops in the mountainous areas of southwest China, ensuring food security, and potentially providing valuable insights for the current construction of ecological civilization.

An Integrative Review of the Effectiveness of Duloxetine Use in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

Purpose: The objective of this Integrative Review of Literature (IRL) was to assess the efficacy of duloxetine in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) among cancer patients. Peripheral neuropathy associated with chemotherapy manifests as symptoms such as tingling, burning, numbness, weakness, or pain in the hands and feet. The detrimental and, in some cases, debilitating impact of CIPN on individuals undergoing cancer treatment underscores the significance of investigating the effectiveness of duloxetine as part of the treatment plan for this condition. Procedure: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify peer-reviewed journal articles on the effectiveness and safety of the use of duloxetine for the treatment of CIPN. The search was conducted using two electronic databases: CINHAL and PubMed. Additional supplemental sources, including the American Cancer Society, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Google Scholar, and Medline, were used to compile additional information for review. Results: The strengths and weaknesses of each article were reviewed utilizing the Johns Hopkins Research Appraisal tool. A data synthesis review exhibited good to high-quality articles with a range of evidence, including Level I, Level II, and Level III. Research yielded positive outcomes in reducing pain, increasing quality of life, and reducing the severity of symptoms for both physical and mental health with Duloxetine treatment. Results showed effectiveness and tolerability in the treatment of CIPN. Adding Duloxetine to the CIPN treatment plan positively impacted pain management and enhanced quality of life (QoL). Conclusion: Studies revealed that Duloxetine, as a pharmacologic intervention, resulted in a reduction in pain and an improvement in the quality of life (QoL) for patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Duloxetine demonstrated enhanced effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in its outcomes. Notably, the American Society of Clinical Oncology has designated Duloxetine as the standard of care for CIPN. Given its status as the standard of care, there is a higher likelihood of favorable considerations for Duloxetine by insurance companies.

Determination of phytochemical quality of leaves Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. from the polluted and non-polluted areas

Elemental composition of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. has not been determined yet in detail. In our study, a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analyser (SEM–EDX) ensured the determination of 15 elements in the leaves of Vaccinium sp. growing in the control and the mine polluted locality. The soil elemental analyses showed a higher content of 11 elements from all determined in the mine-influenced samples. Elemental analyses of the control leaves showed the highest contents of all determined elements for V. vitis-idaea, except for carbon. The impact of pollution on V. myrtillus leaves caused significant increase in oxygen, natrium, magnesium, sulphur, chlorine, potassium and calcium content. The contents of carbon, nitrogen and silicon decreased substantially. In the case of the V. vitis-idaea leaves, the content of most of elements reduced, and in the case of six elements, even significantly. A significant increase was recorded for carbon, iron and copper. The effect of the environment has influenced the production of phytochemicals, assessed by HPLC–DAD. The production of flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercetin) increased significantly in V. myrtillus and decreased to a detectable minimum in V. vitis-idaea. In the case of chlorogenic acid, arbutin and hydroquinone, their levels changed minimally in V. myrtillus, but significantly more in the V. vitis-idaea leaves. The importance of elemental analyses lies in detecting the presence of toxic elements or their harmful concentrations in plants that are the source of food or dietary supplements.

Rainwater Harvesting Approach at Daffodil International University (DIU) Campus

Dhaka city faces significant challenges related to water scarcity and urban waterlogging, driven by rapid urbanization, overpopulation, and inadequate water management systems. This study explores the feasibility and implementation of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) systems as a sustainable solution to mitigate these issues. Using Daffodil Tower as a case study, the analysis focused on hydrological data, building design trends, and optimal tank dimensions and locations for storage and recharge. Results indicate that RWH can provide a reliable supplementary water source, with annual rooftop runoff estimated at 2211.3 m³, supporting up to 16 days of water demand under the Rationing Method (RM). A tank with a capacity of 9942.1 m³ was proposed, designed to integrate seamlessly into the campus environment. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of recharge structures and logical water distribution methods to maximize system efficiency. These findings confirm the economic and environmental feasibility of incorporating RWH systems in urban settings like Dhaka, offering a sustainable pathway to address the city's pressing water challenges.

Laccase purification and azo dye decolorization potential of Sparassis latifolia

Sparassis latifolia often referred to as Cauliflower mushroom possess both medicinal and edibility values. In this research work, first time laccase purification and dye colourisation efficacy of Sparassis latifolia’s purified laccase were assessed. Optimal laccase potential was noted after 12th day of incubation with 4 pH of medium at 45 °C. As supplementary nutritional source, sucrose and ammonium sulphate were unveiled as most effective synthetic carbon and nitrogen sources while wheat straw found as proficient lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced laccase production. Following optimisation of laccase production parameters, laccase was purified to 14.2 fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and anion exchange chromatography. Laccase molecular weight determined through SDS PAGE was found to be of 65 KDa. This purified laccase was tested for its ability to decolourise the Congo red at definite pH and temperature. It was found that this fungus has capability to decolourise up to 98.6% of Congo-red dye.

Assessment of Socioeconomic Vulnerability in Selected Villages of Gosaba Block, Sundarban, India Using an Artificial Neural Network

The Indian Sundarban represent an endangered ecosystem with a distinct biogeographical composition. It is susceptible to natural disasters like storms, floods, and cyclones, hence jeopardizing its socioeconomic systems due to environmental stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the present socioeconomic vulnerability, identify key factors that exacerbate this vulnerability, and validate these factors using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) prediction model. Researchers also wanted to validate this evaluation with ANN to promote substantive discussions between researchers, local authorities, and stakeholders. Comprehensive reviews and successful adaption plans will improve. The study conducted in selected villages with 160 households in the Gosaba Block, located on the periphery of the Sundarban. The present study employed an integrated vulnerability approach, calculating the exposure, adaptive capacity, and sensitivity index by weighting the initial eigenvalues of each indicator with a variance percentage through principal components analysis (PCA). Based on this criterion, 156 households (97.5%) exhibited an extremely high vulnerability score, while 4 households (2.5%) displayed a moderate vulnerability grade. The villages of Pakhiralay and Lahiripur exhibit significant vulnerability, with a markedly deficient adaptive capacity. The villages of Mathurakhand, Kumirmari, and Satjelia exhibit vulnerability alongside moderate adaptation capacity. All are priority villages, however, Villages with moderate adaptive capacity may become less vulnerable with adequate interventions Proximity to market strongly affects MLP neural networks' assessment of environmental, economic, and social variables' effects on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Respondent age, family size, social network, storm surges, supplementary sources of household income Dwelling years, temperature, embankment failure, and income greatly affect model performance. A policy initiative should prioritize the enhancement existing social and financial capital, facilitate access to local government, and promote community-oriented activities. National disaster, social welfare, and resource management strategies need separate action plans. The national government is also encouraged to decentralize governance to enable local governments to achieve their goals.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro stability of soy protein fibrils ferrous delivery system

Iron deficiency is considered widespread globally, and discovering ferrous ion delivery system with better stability is one of the keys to solving this problem. In this paper, a ferrous ion delivery system was prepared from soy isolate protein fibrils (SPNFs). The alterations in infrared spectrum and microstructure before and after loading were compared, and the ionic strength stability, freeze-thaw stability, and oxidative reaction activity of soy isolate protein fibrils loaded with ferrous iron (SPNFs-Fe) were analyzed, simulating the release kinetics of gastrointestinal digestion. The results demonstrated that SPNFs load ferrous ions with carboxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups. SPNFs-Fe had good ionic strength stability and excellent freeze-thaw stability and showed weak pro-oxidation activity. The release kinetics of SPNFs-Fe in simulated gastrointestinal digestion best fit the Ritger-Peppas model, which had a slow-release effect in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The release of SPNFs-Fe in simulated gastric fluid belonged to Fick diffusion, while in simulated intestinal fluid it belonged to non-Fick diffusion. These results suggest that SPNFs-Fe is a promising ferrous delivery system as a supplementary source of iron.

Blockchain in Education: Transforming Learning, Credentialing, and Academic Data Management

Background and Aims: Blockchain technology is critical in education for transforming learning, credentialing, and academic data management by ensuring secure, immutable, and transparent handling of academic records. This technology improves the integrity of credentials, streamlines administrative processes, and promotes personalized learning, resulting in a more dependable and efficient educational environment. This review is intended for educators, administrators, policymakers, and technologists who are interested in blockchain's potential to transform the education landscape. Methodology: The methodology for this review included a systematic approach to gathering and analyzing literature on blockchain in education. A rigorous protocol was used to screen, extract, and categorize relevant data from academic databases and supplementary sources. Thematic analysis, aided by tools such as NVivo, enabled a thorough understanding of blockchain's impact and prospects in educational settings. Results: Blockchain technology has the potential to transform the educational sector by addressing critical issues such as data security, credentialing, and administrative efficiency. Blockchain, which provides a decentralized, immutable system for managing educational records and credentials, can improve the integrity and accessibility of academic information, streamline processes, and support personalized learning experiences. Although challenges such as scalability, legal complexities, and institutional resistance persist, ongoing advancements and research are likely to pave the way for wider adoption. As educational institutions investigate and implement blockchain solutions, the technology's transformative impact on the global education system may result in a more transparent, equitable, and innovative learning environment for future generations. Conclusion: blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize education by improving data security, credentialing, and administrative efficiency through its decentralized and immutable system. Despite current challenges, its continued development and implementation could result in a more transparent, equitable, and innovative educational environment.

HPLC Profile of Bioactives and Antioxidant Potential in Acalypha indica Extract

Acalypha indica is a plant found in many parts of Africa and Asia. The plant is used for the treatment of many respiratory diseases, management of cancers, diabetes and other diseases. The leaves of Acalypha indica were harvested, washed and shade dried. They were later extracted with methanol. The methanolic extract of Acalypha indica was subjected to DPPH radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant and HPLC quantification of phenols and flavonoids. The result showed a percentage yield of 5.72 %. Also the antioxidant capacity of Acalypha indicia based on the phosphomolybdenum method showed 13.60 ± 0.21 mg AAE/g extract. The DPPH radical scavenging potential of Acalypha indica showed that at 100 – 1000 µg/ml, the extract of Acalypha indica inhibited 7.2 ± 0.35 – 65.13 ± 1.53 % of DPPH radical as compared with standard gallic acid. The phenolics and flavonoids detected through HPLC are shown in Table 3. The phenolics and polyphenols with higher quantity in Extract of Acalypha indica are naringenin (169.91 mg/100 g), gallic acid (131.51 mg/100 g), rutin (76.72 mg/100 g), syringic acid (35.75 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (30.10 mg/100 g) and quercetin (11.36 mg/100 g). The results showed that Acalypha indica possesses antiradical, total antioxidant properties including a wide range of phenols and polyphenols. Therefore the extract can be a source of dietary supplement. This plant extract is a source of medicine if further research is applied.