Supplement Movie Research Articles

Trailing-edge noise reduction through finlet-induced turbulence

Biologically inspired finlet treatments have been shown to effectively reduce the trailing-edge noise of a flat plate and hence are a viable noise-suppression technology for engineering applications. The present work performs a thorough experimental investigation on the near-field dynamics of finlet surface treatments applied to a flat plate. To examine the underlying noise-reduction mechanism, the manipulated flow field is analysed using data from detailed static, unsteady wall-pressure as well as velocity measurements and their correlations. Specifically, the densely populated dynamic transducers allow for the tracking of the turbulent boundary-layer development from upstream to the wake of the finlet-treated area (see supplementary movies), which elucidates the formation of ‘finlet-induced turbulence’ through flow–finlet interaction. Associated turbulence structures are found to further develop within the treated area and structures shed from the top of the finlets are observed to mix and merge with the turbulence being channelled through the space between the finlets in the finlet wake. While the mixing process increases the spanwise turbulence length scale, it significantly attenuates the unsteady wall-pressure fluctuation at the trailing edge and thus leads to broadband reduction of the trailing-edge noise. Moreover, it corroborates the findings of earlier studies suggesting that there exists an optimal distance between finlets and trailing-edge where the mixing effects are most beneficial.

DiFiR-CT: Distance field representation to resolve motion artifacts in computed tomography.

Motion during data acquisition leads to artifacts in computed tomography (CT) reconstructions. In cases such as cardiac imaging, not only is motion unavoidable, but evaluating the motion of the object is of clinical interest. Reducing motion artifacts has typically been achieved by developing systems with faster gantry rotation or via algorithms which measure and/or estimate the displacement. However, these approaches have had limited success due to both physical constraints as well as the challenge of estimating non-rigid, temporally varying, and patient-specific motionfields. To develop a novel reconstruction method which generates time-resolved, artifact-free images without estimation or explicit modeling of themotion. We describe an analysis-by-synthesis approach which progressively regresses a solution consistent with the acquired sinogram. In our method, we focus on the movement of object boundaries. Not only are the boundaries the source of image artifacts, but object boundaries can simultaneously be used to represent both the object as well as its motion over time without the need for an explicit motion model. We represent the object boundaries via a signed distance function (SDF) which can be efficiently modeled using neural networks. As a result, optimization can be performed under spatial and temporal smoothness constraints without the need for explicit motion estimation. We illustrate the utility of DiFiR-CT in three imaging scenarios with increasing motion complexity: translation of a small circle, heart-like change in an ellipse's diameter, and a complex topological deformation. Compared to filtered backprojection, DiFiR-CT provides high quality image reconstruction for all three motions without hyperparameter tuning or change to the architecture. We also evaluate DiFiR-CT's robustness to noise in the acquired sinogram and found its reconstruction to be accurate across a wide range of noise levels. Lastly, we demonstrate how the approach could be used for multi-intensity scenes and illustrate the importance of the initial segmentation providing a realistic initialization. Code and supplemental movies are available at https://kunalmgupta.github.io/projects/DiFiR-CT.html. Projection data can be used to accurately estimate a temporally-evolving scene without the need for explicit motion estimation using a neural implicit representation and analysis-by-synthesisapproach.

Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) with interictal myokymia and focal dystonia.

Episodic ataxia type 1 and 2 (EA1 and EA2) are the most well-described of the episodic ataxias. They are autosomal dominantly inherited early-onset diseases characterized by attacks of cerebellar dysfunction. EA1 is clinically characterized by short episodes of ataxia with interictal myokymia, whereas EA2 is characterized by longer-lasting recurrent ataxia, slurred speech, and interictal nystagmus. We report on a patient with EA2 with interictal focal dystonia and also interictal myokymia, which is hitherto not reported as an interictal feature associated to EA2. The patient carries a previously described heterozygous pathogenic de novo frameshift variant in the CACNA1A gene, establishing the diagnosis of EA2. She had symptom onset at age 13 and from age 48 she developed interictal myokymia and focal dystonia as illustrated in Supplemental Movie S1. We conclude that interictal myokymia and focal dystonia may be interictal features associated to EA2 caused by the cerebellar pathophysiology of EA2. Episodes of ataxia were successfully treated with acetazolamide in low dose, whereas the interictal features were unresponsive to acetazolamide.

Keratin 75 Is a Component of the LINC Complex and Has an Essential Role in Mediating the SOX2 Rapid Healing Response during Wound Repair

Keratin 75 Is a Component of the LINC Complex and Has an Essential Role in Mediating the SOX2 Rapid Healing Response during Wound Repair

Virus spread on a scale-free network reproduces the Gompertz Growth observed in isolated COVID-19 Outbreaks - Supplementary Movies

Virus spread on a scale-free network reproduces the Gompertz Growth observed in isolated COVID-19 Outbreaks - Supplementary Movies

Assessment of the Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite, An Artificial Exsheathment Medium, on the Viability of Nematode Larvae

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is used extensively as an artificial exsheathment medium of nematode larvae in various studies, such as comparing the efficacy of drugs, and assessment of resistance to anthelmintics or evaluation of plant extracts as anthelmintics due to its unique capacity for tissue dissolution. Studies with NaOCl by other authors indicate that the compound, although highly effective as an exsheathing agent, significantly lowers the infectivity of the exsheathed larvae produced, suggesting reduced viability. We used Strongyloides papillosus larvae, a nematode that naturally lacks a protective sheath and a potentially highly motile organism, as a model to exclude or confirm possible negative effects on the viability of the parasite. Motility was taken as a viability assay. Larvae were designated as actively motile, sluggish, or immotile. Results were presented as additional supplementary movie files. The viability of larvae is dependent on both the concentration and the time of exposure to the compound. There are certain concentration (C) and time (T) limits beyond which viability is impaired (0.3% ˃ C ˃ 0.2%; 10 min ˃ T ˃ 5 min). It is concluded that results from studies where NaOCl is used as an exsheathment medium should be interpreted with caution as the compound is capable of reducing the viability of larvae. It may even induce structural damage.

Recognising our community as we head towards JEB's centenary in 2023.

Recognising our community as we head towards JEB's centenary in 2023.

Kinetics and prey capture by a paddling jellyfish: three-dimensional simulation and Lagrangian coherent structure analysis

Abstract

Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis Associated With COVID-19 Infection

HomeCirculation: Cardiovascular ImagingVol. 14, No. 5Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis Associated With COVID-19 Infection Free AccessCase ReportPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toSupplementary MaterialsFree AccessCase ReportPDF/EPUBBioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis Associated With COVID-19 Infection Steven A. Alexander, MD, Icilma V. Fergus, MD and Stamatios Lerakis, MD, PhD Steven A. AlexanderSteven A. Alexander Steven A. Alexander, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-9177 The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Search for more papers by this author , Icilma V. FergusIcilma V. Fergus The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Search for more papers by this author and Stamatios LerakisStamatios Lerakis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7487-1990 The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Search for more papers by this author Originally published5 Feb 2021https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.012118Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2021;14:e012118Other version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: February 5, 2021: Ahead of Print Obstructive bioprosthetic valve thrombosis is a rare but potentially devastating complication.1 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predisposes patients to both venous and arterial thrombosis.2–4 The impact this may have on patients with endovascular prosthetic material is unknown. We report a case of obstructive bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis in a patient hospitalized with COVID-19.A 79-year-old woman presented to clinic with a 2-month history of dyspnea and cough. Four months prior, she was treated for a type A aortic dissection with hemiaortic arch and bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. She initially recovered but was hospitalized 2 months later with COVID-19 pneumonia. Laboratory evaluation at that time showed elevated C-reactive protein (79.8 mg/dL), activated partial thromboplastin time (44.2 s), fibrinogen (489 mg/dL), and D-dimer (2.14 μg/mL). She was treated with convalescent plasma and received prophylactic low molecular weight heparin. Her hospital course was uncomplicated, and she was discharged on apixaban 5 mg twice daily.A transthoracic echocardiogram showed prosthetic aortic valve stenosis with a peak aortic velocity of 3.8 m/s, increased from 2.2 m/s postoperatively. A transesophageal echocardiogram revealed markedly thickened bioprosthetic valve leaflets (Figure 1, Movie I in the Data Supplement). A computed tomography scan showed hypoattenuated leaflet thickening involving all 3 valve leaflets consistent with leaflet thrombosis (Figure 2).Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 1. Prosthetic aortic valve thrombosis. Biplane transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) at the level of the aortic valve showing marked thickening of the bioprosthetic aortic valve leaflets, consistent with leaflet thrombosis.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 2. Hypoattenuated leaflet thickening of the prosthetic aortic valve.A, Short axis and (B) long-axis views of the aortic valve on computed tomography showing hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT; white arrows). Ao indicates aorta; LA, left atrium; PA, pulmonary artery; and RA, right atrium.The patient was admitted to the hospital, started on an unfractionated heparin infusion, and bridged to warfarin with a goal internationalized normalized ratio of 2.5 to 3.5. Follow-up transthoracic echocardiogram performed 3 months later showed improvement of her aortic valve gradient back to baseline (Figure 3).Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 3. Prosthetic aortic valve gradient before and after 3 mo of warfarin.A, The peak aortic valve velocity was 3.8 m/s before treatment and (B) decreased to 2.2 m/s after treatment.To our knowledge, this is the first report of prosthetic aortic valve thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection. This case reminds us that patients with prosthetic heart valves and endovascular devices may be at particular risk of thrombotic complications from COVID-19. Health care providers should have a high index of suspicion for such complications and consider diagnostic imaging when appropriate. Further research is needed to determine the optimal anticoagulation strategy for both the prevention and treatment of bioprosthetic valve thrombosis in the setting of COVID-19 infection.Sources of FundingNone.Supplemental MaterialData Supplement Movie IDisclosures None.FootnotesThe Data Supplement is available at https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/suppl/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.012118.Steven A. Alexander, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029. Email steven.[email protected]org

Replication Data for: Formation of an additional density peak in the bottomside of sodium layer associated with the passage of multiple mesospheric frontal systems

The supplementary movie and the data used to generate the figures of the manuscript 'Formation of an additional density peak in the bottomside of sodium layer associated with the passage of multiple mesospheric frontal systems' accepted for publication in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics are provided herein. The data discussed in the work are sodium lidar and airglow imaging observations from the date 19 December 2014.

Broadband wave packet dynamics of minimally diffractive ultrasonic fields from axicon and stepped fraxicon lenses.

A fraxicon is a stepped phase plate lens designed to be a discrete approximation of the axicon, a refractive cone-shaped lens. Both lenses generate minimally diffractive Bessel beams with long depths of focus. Here the characteristics of broadband pulses modified by these lenses to compare and contrast the dynamics of the propagating wave packets were examined. Pulses from a spherically focused Fresnel lens are also examined to provide the context of a conventional design. The wave packets generated through the fraxicon exhibit many of the same characteristics of those from the axicon such as lateral compactness and axial integrity, although the fraxicon packets do exhibit noticeable dispersion in comparison. Both the fraxicon and axicon wave packets have a much tighter lateral extent than those of the Fresnel throughout the propagation region. The most significant difference between the fraxicon and axicon is with the group speeds of the packets with the fraxicon group subsonic and the axicon supersonic across a 50 mm path. Supplemental movies are provided for direct visualization of the propagation (for movies of the waveforms and energy profiles of the wave packet propagation that was experimentally obtained). To assess the conformity of the low profile lenses to their design parameters, frequency domain comparisons of measurements with simulations are also presented and are in good agreement.

3-Dimensional Optical Clearing and Imaging of Pruritic Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Skin Reveals Downregulation of Epidermal Innervation

3-Dimensional Optical Clearing and Imaging of Pruritic Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Skin Reveals Downregulation of Epidermal Innervation

Publisher Correction: Geometric constraints during epithelial jamming

In the version of this Article originally published, the Supplementary Movies were linked to the wrong descriptions. These have now been corrected. Additionally, the authors would like to note that co-authors James P. Butler and Jeffrey J. Fredberg contributed equally to this Article; this change has now been made.

The DNA replication protein Cdc6 inhibits the microtubule-organizing activity of the centrosome

The centrosome serves as a major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). The Cdc6 protein is a component of the pre-replicative complex and a licensing factor for the initiation of chromosome replication and localizes to centrosomes during the S and G2 phases of the cfell cycle of human cells. This cell cycle-dependent localization of Cdc6 to the centrosome motivated us to investigate whether Cdc6 negatively regulates MTOC activity and to determine the integral proteins that comprise the pericentriolar material (PCM). Time-lapse live-cell imaging of microtubule regrowth revealed that Cdc6 depletion increased microtubule nucleation at the centrosomes and that expression of Cdc6 in Cdc6-depleted cells reversed this effect. This increase and decrease in microtubule nucleation correlated with the centrosomal intensities of PCM proteins such as γ-tubulin, pericentrin, CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2), and centrosomal protein 192 (Cep192). The regulation of microtubule nucleation and the recruitment of PCM proteins to the centrosome required Cdc6 ATPase activity, as well as a centrosomal localization of Cdc6. These results suggest a novel function for Cdc6 in coordinating centrosome assembly and function.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies suppress post-transcytosis HIV-1 infectivity.

Correction to: Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 14 December 2016; doi:10.1038/mi.2016.106 Although Supplementary Movies 1–4 did not appear with the article when it was originally published, they are now accessible along with the other Supplementary Information. The publisher regrets the error. Correction to: Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 14 December 2016; doi:10.1038/mi.2016.106 Although Supplementary Movies 1–4 did not appear with the article when it was originally published, they are now accessible along with the other Supplementary Information. The publisher regrets the error. Correction to:Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 14 December 2016; doi:10.1038/mi.2016.106 Although Supplementary Movies 1–4 did not appear with the article when it was originally published, they are now accessible along with the other Supplementary Information. The publisher regrets the error. Broadly neutralizing antibodies suppress post-transcytosis HIV-1 infectivityMucosal ImmunologyVol. 10Issue 3PreviewBroadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer promising opportunities for preventing HIV-1 infection in humans. Immunoprophylaxis with potent bNAbs efficiently protects non-human primates from mucosal transmission even after repeated challenges. However, the precise mechanisms of bNAb-mediated viral inhibition in mucosal tissues are currently unknown. Here, we show that immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA bNAbs do not interfere with the endocytic transport of HIV-1 across epithelial cells, a process referred to as transcytosis. Full-Text PDF Open Access

X-ray microtomography as a tool for investigating the petrological context of Precambrian cellular remains

Abstract A wide spectrum of tomographic techniques now exists for studying palaeontological specimens, but the suitability of these methods for assessing Earth's oldest prokaryotic life has not been comprehensively investigated. We evaluated the ability of X-ray computed tomography – specifically X-ray microtomography – to reveal the morphology and petrological context of Precambrian microfossils, pseudofossils and biosedimentary structures, all of which are important in the origin and early evolution of life of Earth. The materials tested came from the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia (the 3.49 Ga Dresser Formation, the 3.46 Ga Apex chert and the 3.43 Ga Strelley Pool Formation) and the 1.88 Ga Gunflint Formation of Ontario, Canada. These units chart key developments in palaeobiology. The oldest formations contain profoundly controversial microfossil-like objects and microbially-induced sedimentary structures, whereas definitive prokaryotes are found in the youngest formations. We demonstrate that the imaging of individual microfossils and pseudofossils currently lies at the limits of the capabilities of laboratory-based X-ray microtomography and requires beneficial taphonomy. However, microtomography does provide a good overview of their petrological context at flexible spatial scales, although the quality of the data obtained from mesoscopic microbially-induced sedimentary structures and stromatolites depends largely on their style of preservation. Supplementary material: A zipped Drishti volume for all CT scans, a 0.7z split zip file of one Drishti volume and a HDMI supplementary movie showing digital visualizations for all of the scans are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58161

A simple but useful way to assess fMRI scan qualities

This short “how to” article describes a plot I find useful for assessing fMRI data quality. I discuss the reasoning behind the plot and how it is constructed. I create the plot in scans from several publicly available datasets to illustrate different kinds of fMRI signal variance, ranging from thermal noise to motion artifacts to respiratory-related signals. I also show how the plot can be used to understand the variance removed during denoising. Code to make the plot is provided with the article, and supplemental movies show plots for hundreds of additional subjects.

Erratum: Observation of an evolving magnetic flux rope before and during a solar eruption.

Nature Communications 3: Article number: 747 (2012); Published: 20 March 2012; Updated: 7 June 2016 The HTML version of this Article previously published omitted Supplementary Movie 2. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF was correct from the time of publication.

Erratum: Rate-dependent interface capture beyond the coffee-ring effect.

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 24628; published online: 19 April 2016; updated: 27 June 2016. An incorrect Supplementary Information file was inadvertently published with this Article. In addition, Supplementary Movies 1–5 were omitted. The correct Supplementary Information and Supplementary Movies now accompany the Article.

Unusual Association of Cardiac Anatomic Variants and Pitfalls with a Simultaneous Presence of a Coumadin Ridge and a Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum

Case Presentation: An 89-year-old male was referred to the echo laboratory for further investigations of a 6-day history of high fever and wet cough. His past medical history was largely unremarkable and so was his cardiac physical examination. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythms with an incomplete right bundle branch bloc. He had a poor echogenic window in transthoracic echocardiography which revealed no significant valvular heart disease and no evidence of mobile echodense masses implanted in a valve or mural endocardium however it was suspicious for tow echodense masses tributary to the lateral left atrial wall and the interatrial septum. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed and revealed two distinctive echo-dense globular thickening of the interatrial septum sparing the fossa ovalis with a characteristic “dumbbell” shape evoking a lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (Figures 1A-1B), and an immobile prominence localized between the entrance of the left atrial appendage and the atrial insertion of the left upper pulmonary vein with a “Q-tip” sign evoking a Coumadin ridge separating this two structures (Figures 1C-1F, Supplementary movie 1). No others signs evoking infective endocarditis were found. The Diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection was established and the patient was treated with antibiotics in the geriatric department with favorable evolution. He was discharged home 8 days after. Keywords: Echocardiography; Cardiac variants; Coumadin ridge; Lipomatous hypertrophy; Interatrial septum