Exercise Supplementation Research Articles

Principles of using the Kodály method in Chinese music education: synthesis of traditional educational elements of Chinese musical culture and Zoltan Kodály’s music teaching approaches / Principios de la aplicación del método Kodály en la educación musical china: síntesis de elementos educativos tradicionales de la cultura musical china y el enfoque pedagógico de las enseñanzas musicales de Zoltan Kodály

The paper measures the effectiveness and basic principles of the use of Kodály’s method in Chinese music education. The study was conducted among 186 first-year music students at Chinese universities. The methodology involved the following techniques: methodology for assessment of learner motivation (A. A. Rean, V. A. Yakunin, modified by N. C. Badmaeva), methodology for motivating to study at university (T. N. Ilyina), G. Davis’s Test of Creativity. The learning achievements were assessed with grade point averages and the exam outcomes. The research findings demonstrate the impact of Kodály’s methodology on the motivational and creative components of learning. The group’s grade point average on the ‘methodology for motivating to study at university’ scale increased: from 4.2 ± .2 to 4.8 ± .1 for ‘Communication’, from 4.5 ± .2 to 4.8 ± .1 for ‘Proficiency’, from 4.5 ± .2 to 4.8 ± .1 for ‘Learning and cognitive motive’. Kodály’s approach, based on the inclusion of singing, rhythm, movement and other supplementary exercises in music education, as well as authentic folk music, contributes to learning effectiveness.

Development of a digital intervention for psychedelic preparation (DIPP)

Psychedelic substances induce profound alterations in consciousness. Careful preparation is therefore essential to limit adverse reactions, enhance therapeutic benefits, and maintain user safety. This paper describes the development of a self-directed, digital intervention for psychedelic preparation. Drawing on elements from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex interventions, the design was informed by a four-factor model of psychedelic preparedness, using a person-centred approach. Our mixed-methods investigation consisted of two studies. The first involved interviews with 19 participants who had previously attended a ‘high-dose’ psilocybin retreat, systematically exploring their preparation behaviours and perspectives on the proposed intervention. The second study engaged 28 attendees of an ongoing psilocybin retreat in co-design workshops, refining the intervention protocol using insights from the initial interviews. The outcome is a co-produced 21-day digital course (Digital Intervention for Psychedelic Preparation (DIPP)), that is organised into four modules: Knowledge–Expectation, Psychophysical–Readiness, Safety–Planning, and Intention–Preparation. Fundamental components of the course include daily meditation practice, supplementary exercises tied to the weekly modules, and mood tracking. DIPP provides a comprehensive and scalable solution to enhance psychedelic preparedness, aligning with the broader shift towards digital mental health interventions.

DESIGNING ONLINE VOCABULARY EXERCISES SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE ENGLISH 10 TEXTBOOK (GLOBAL SUCCESS SERIES)

Supplementary exercises were fundamental and beneficial for students in that they provided essential support accompanying the regular teaching and learning program or textbook. In the era of technological development, supplementary exercises on online platforms allow flexibility, accommodate learners’ different needs and styles, and thus increase their learning quality. This study implemented online vocabulary exercises as supplementary tasks attached to the official English 10 textbook used in a Vietnamese high school (Global Success series). The study aimed to enhance students' vocabulary acquisition and proficiency through interactive online learning activities. The experimental method was employed to investigate the effect of online supplementary exercises on students' English vocabulary competence. The findings reveal the effectiveness of the designed online vocabulary exercises in facilitating vocabulary acquisition and retention among students. Through interactive and engaging activities, students demonstrated improved vocabulary comprehension, usage, and retention. Moreover, the exercises were found to enhance student motivation and engagement in the English 10 curriculum, fostering a positive learning environment conducive to language acquisition.

Selection of supplementary exercises in breaststroke technique for students of course 56 in physical education, Thai Nguyen University of Education

Selection of supplementary exercises in breaststroke technique for students of course 56 in physical education, Thai Nguyen University of Education

RESEARCH ON EXERCISES TO DEVELOP PROFESSIONAL PHYSICAL STRENGTH FOR MALE STUDENTS OF VOVINAM TEAM AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SPORTS, VIETNAM

On the basis of synthesizing and analyzing the opinions and knowledge of experts, building exercises to develop professional fitness for male Vovinam students in the HCM City University of Sports team. The research has synthesized 27 exercises to develop strength of mind, including 7 supplementary exercises, 5 arm exercises, 9 leg exercises and 6 continuous exercises to be included in the training program in the 2020-2021 school year. The results after 1 year of the experiment showed that the exercises to develop mental strength for male Vovinam students increased.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0005/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation After Resistance Training on Physiological Characteristics in Futsal Players with Vitamin D Deficiency

Background: Recent research indicates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and is conflicting evidence as to whether vitamin D supplementation actually improves physical performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on improving muscle strength, muscle volume and cardiorespiratory fitness through resistance training in male athletes with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This study was conducted with pre-test and post-test series design and quasi-experimental method. The population included 36 male futsal players with vitamin D deficiency that were randomly divided into four groups of nine: exercise (EX), exercise-supplement (EXS), supplement (SUP) and control (CON). SUP and EXS groups received vitamin D3 (50,000 intramuscular injections) every two weeks for 8 weeks and performed three resistance training (RT) sessions per week at a rate of 75% 1RM. Before and after intervention, blood sampling were drawn and measurements performed for 1RM, muscle volume (cm2), and VO2max by standard Bruce test. Correlated t-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test results and to measure the differences between groups, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used using SPSS statistical software. Results: Muscle volume increased significantly (P-value = 0.001) only in EX and EXS groups. Cardio-respiratory fitness did not change significantly in any of the groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between EXS and SUP groups for any of the measured variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that simultaneous application of vitamin D supplementation and resistance training for 8 weeks does not have a significant effect on the improvement of the strength and endurance of futsal players.

Improve Writing Performance for EFL Learners with the Enhanced Use of Synonyms and Antonyms

This study attempts to investigate the impacts of the enhanced use of synonyms and antonyms on writing performance for third-year English majors at Thai Nguyen University of Education during the second term of the academic year 2020-2021. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design with the use of questionnaires and tests as research instruments. A group of 29 out of 58 students were invited to participate in a ten-week experimental course during which they did supplementary exercises related to synonyms and antonyms. The data collected from the Pre-test and Post-test revealed that the participants not only had positive attitudes toward using synonyms and antonyms in their writing but also improved their writing performance. The results collected from questionnaires also revealed positive feedback from the students towards the use of synonyms and antonyms as well as the helpfulness of supplementary exercises during the experimental course.

Effects of Pilates on the risk of falls, gait, balance and functional mobility in healthy older adults: A randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Pilates on falls risk, fear of falling, postural balance, functional mobility, spatiotemporal gait parameters, mobility and physical activity in older adults. DesignRandomized Controlled Trial (RCT). MethodsSixty-one older adults, mean age 70.08 (SD = 5.51) were randomly allocated into a Pilates group (PG, n = 29) or control group (CG, n = 32). Intervention comprised a 12-week Pilates program, with exercises performed twice a week and supplementary exercises at home. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), was used to screen cognition. Primary outcomes: Fear of falling, postural balance (force platform), gait velocity (electronic walkway). Secondary outcomes: Functional mobility, mobility, physical activity, and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. Statistical analysis was carried out using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Covariates were adjusted. ResultsPositive effects were found for time effects: Time Up and Go (TUG), anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions of balance, cadence, (stance, step and double support time). The step and double support time showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Interaction between time and groups was found for FRT. Age was a significant factor in TUG, FRT, postural balance for AP under open eyes conditions. Health status was significant for ML in eyes open condition. Gait was significant for age, height and health status. ConclusionEffects of 12 weeks of Pilates intervention on functional mobility, mobility, postural balance and spatiotemporal gait parameters were identified. Further trials of a longer duration are warranted to determine the effectiveness of Pilates on falls prevention.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation After Resistance Training on Physiological Characteristics in Futsal Players with Vitamin D Deficiency

Background: Recent research indicates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and is conflicting evidence as to whether vitamin D supplementation actually improves physical performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on improving muscle strength, muscle volume and cardiorespiratory fitness through resistance training in male athletes with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This study was conducted with pre-test and post-test series design and quasi-experimental method. The population included 36 male futsal players with vitamin D deficiency that were randomly divided into four groups of nine: exercise (EX), exercise-supplement (EXS), supplement (SUP) and control (CON). SUP and EXS groups received vitamin D3 (50,000 intramuscular injections) every two weeks for 8 weeks and performed three resistance training (RT) sessions per week at a rate of 75% 1RM. Before and after intervention, blood sampling were drawn and measurements performed for 1RM, muscle volume (cm2), and VO2max by standard Bruce test. Correlated t-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test results and to measure the differences between groups, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used using SPSS statistical software. Results: Muscle volume increased significantly (P-value = 0.001) only in EX and EXS groups. Cardio-respiratory fitness did not change significantly in any of the groups (P &gt; 0.05). There were no significant differences between EXS and SUP groups for any of the measured variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that simultaneous application of vitamin D supplementation and resistance training for 8 weeks does not have a significant effect on the improvement of the strength and endurance of futsal players.

Effects of training frequency on muscular strength for trained men under volume matched conditions.

BackgroundIn resistance training, the role of training frequency to increase maximal strength is often debated. However, the limited data available does not allow for clear training frequency “optimization” recommendations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training frequency on maximal muscular strength and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). The total weekly training volume was equally distributed between two and four sessions per muscle group.MethodsTwenty-one experienced resistance-trained male subjects (height: 1.85 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 85.3 ± 12.3 kg, age: 27.6 ± 7.6 years) were tested prior to and after an 8-week training period in one-repetition maximum (1RM) barbell back squat and bench press. Subjects were randomly assigned to a SPLIT group (n = 10), in which there were two training sessions of squats and lower-body exercises and two training sessions of bench press and upper-body exercises, or a FULLBODY group (n = 11), in which four sessions with squats, bench press and supplementary exercises were conducted every session. In each session, the subjects rated their RPE after barbell back squat, bench press, and the full session.ResultsBoth groups significantly increased 1RM strength in barbell back squat (SPLIT group: +13.25 kg; FULLBODY group: +14.31 kg) and bench press (SPLIT group: +7.75 kg; FULLBODY group: +8.86 kg) but training frequency did not affect this increase for squat (p = 0.640) or bench press (p = 0.431). Both groups showed a significant effect for time on RPE on all three measurements. The analyses showed only an interaction effect between groups on time for the RPE after the squat exercise (p = 0.002).ConclusionWe conclude that there are no additional benefits of increasing the training frequency from two to four sessions under volume-equated conditions, but it could be favorable to spread the total training volume into several training bouts through the week to avoid potential increases in RPE, especially after the squat exercise.

Investigating the role of environmental management exercises on the sustainability of sports businesses

The present study aims to investigate the role of environmental management training on the sustainability of sport businesses. The method of this study was a survey for collecting data. The statistical population of this research includes all managers of sports businesses in Tehran in the amount of 1500 enterprises. Accordingly, 306 managers of these companies were identified as the sample of the study. The research tool was a questionnaire used in the conceptual model of Bough et al. (2018). The structural equation method was used to analyze the data of the present study. The entire research analysis process was conducted using SPSS version 20 and PLS version 2 software. The results of this study showed that operational, communicational, organizational, and supplementary exercises have a significant effect on the sustainability of sports businesses.

Math anxiety and math achievement: The effects of emotional and math strategy training.

Math anxiety (MA) is a specific feeling of tension generated by the manipulation of numerical stimuli in daily life and academic situations (Richardson & Suinn, 1972). This condition has significant repercussions on the individual's life at personal, social, and economic level. Literature on the topic of MA alleviation, however, is still scarce. This study aims at contributing to this field by addressing MA prevention in school-age children. We have developed two different training methods administered to two groups of fourth graders: (a) MA training focusing on identifying and copying with MA-related feelings (N=76); and (b) Math strategy training focusing on supplementary exercises to enhance calculation strategies (N=76). We also carried out a Control training involving a range of activities, such as reading comic strips, describing characters in the story, and combining text and images to obtain an original narrative text (N=72). We evaluated the differential effects of these training methods on MA, general anxiety, and math achievement before and after the training. Results indicate that MA training contributes to a decrease in MA level, although it does not appear to affect math achievement; Math strategy training, on the other hand, results in far transfer on a reduction of MA level as well as near transfer on the improvement of math achievement. Data are discussed in terms of specific mechanisms underlying each type of training method, and with specific focus on the evaluation of educational and developmental opportunities linked to MA prevention and improvement of math abilities in school-age children.

Comparative Study of the Effect of Resistance Exercises versus Aerobic Exercises in Postmenopausal Women Suffering from Insomnia.

Study Objectives:The main objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of resistance exercises versus aerobic exercises in postmenopausal women suffering from insomnia using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Materials and Methods:Sixty postmenopausal women with menopause <10 years, suffering from insomnia for >1 month and on no supplementary exercises were recruited and categorized conveniently into two groups of 30 each. Group A received resistance exercises and Group B aerobic exercises. PSQI was used to screen postmenopausal women. Women on hormone replacement therapy, with artificial menopause, with diagnosed osteoporosis (t > 2) were excluded. Group A underwent general strengthening program in the form of closed-chain exercise. Group B received aerobic exercises after calculating target heart rate (HR) using Karvonen’s formula in the form of brisk walking three times a week at 30%–60% of HRmax.Results:Paired t-test done to evaluate pre- and postmean values of PSQI for Group A. P < 0.001 which is highly statistically significant. Paired t-test done to evaluate pre- and postmean values of PSQI for Group B. P < 0.001, which is highly statistically significant. Unpaired t-test was carried out to compare the mean difference (pre-post) of PSQI values of both the groups. P < 0.001 which is highly significant. The mean difference of Group A (i.e., 4) is more than the mean difference of Group B (i.e., 2.63) indicating that the intervention of resistance exercises is more effective.Conclusion:Aerobic exercises and resistance exercises, both are effective in reducing insomnia in postmenopausal women, but resistance exercises are more beneficial than aerobic exercises.

The Use of Indexes for Trending in Engineering Valuation

Three types of indexes are indicated in this write up namely cost, mathematical and catalog indexes. Cost indexes are used for trending in engineering valuation. A cost index is defined as a dimensionless number used to trend the cost of an item from one time period to another. It is also a ratio of the real price in a given time period against that of a selected base period multiplied by 100. Trending which is one of the methods used in engineering valuation is the application of an index factor to the historical cost of an item in order to estimate the current cost of the item and vice versa. This application is demonstrated in this article. Additional examples on trending are indicated in the supplementary exercises at the end of the article. Indexes are meant to serve as guide and should not be used if more reliable methods are available. Appraisers must therefore exercise caution and good judgment in their use.

Respiratory treatment in a patient with nemaline myopathy.

Respiratory involvement of nemaline myopathy is evident on the diaphragm and intercostal muscles function. The present case study aimed to describe the characteristics of the respiratory physiotherapeutic treatment in a patient with nemaline myopathy. Here, we describe a case of a 43-yearold woman with nemaline myopathy undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation during short hospital admission for an acute exacerbation. At the time of hospitalisation, the patient was already under oxygen therapy (1 L/min) and noninvasive home ventilation using bi-level positive airway pressure with a nasal interface. Supplementary therapeutic exercises were implemented in addition to daily nasal noninvasive ventilation. At discharge, ultrasound examination revealed increased diaphragm trophism if compared with data obtained at hospital admission.

Effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and taking caraway supplement on C-reactive protein and sleep quality in obese women

ABSTRACT Using sport exercise with herbal supplements is one of the recommended methods for controlling obesity and its complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and consuming caraway on C-reactive protein (CRP) and sleep quality in obese women. In aquasi-experimental study, 30 obese women were selected by convenience sampling. Then, they were randomly divided into 4 groups: supplement-exercise (SE); placebo-exercise (PE); exercise (E), and control. The supplement group consumed 50mg of caraway per kilogram of body weight daily, and the placebo-exercise group consumed the same amount of starch powder. Aerobic exercises were performed for 8 weeks, three sessions aweek with an intensity of 65–75% of maximum heart rate. The level of CRP was measured by special laboratory kits. Sleep quality was evaluated by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. It was indicated that waist to hip ratio (WHR) of the SE group was significantly different with all the groups (p < 0.05). Body fat percent (BFP) of the SE group was also significantly different with control group (p = 0.042). WHR in SE group was significantly different with control (p = 0.006) and exercise group (p = 0.021). The CRP of the SE group was significantly different from that of the control group (p = 0.000), and the sleep quality of the SE group was significantly different only the control group (p = 0.001). Consuming caraway with aerobic exercise has positive effects on the level of C-reactive protein and sleep quality.

Building a system of supplementary exercises under the direction of student capacity development in relation to teaching pronouns at schools

Based on the requirements of teaching Vietnamese under the direction of student capacity building, with the use of surveys and evaluation of questions and exercises for teaching pronouns in the current Vietnamese textbooks for Grade 5, this paper proposes a system of questions and exercises towards student capacity building in teaching pronouns at primary schools. Such exercises are developed in order to not only help students with knowledge of pronouns, the culture of addressing people in communication using Vietnamese but also provide students with new communication contexts and situations for practice, which in turn will help students use pronouns that are culturally suitable with the way Vietnamese people address people in communication.&#x0D; Keyword&#x0D; Student capacity development, teaching pronouns, Vietnamese cultural rule of using pronouns&#x0D; References&#x0D; 1. Nguyễn Văn Chiến (1992), Ngôn ngữ học đối chiếu và đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ Đông Nam Á, ĐHSPNN, HN2. Wikimedia,the free encyclopedia, competence3. Hoàng Hòa Bình, Nguyễn Minh Thuyết, (2012), Phương pháp dạy học Tiếng Việt nhìn từ Tiểu học, NXB Giáo dục Việt Nam4. Lê Phương Nga, (2009), Giáo trình phương pháp dạy học Tiếng Việt ở Tiểu học 2, NXB ĐHSP Hà Nội5. Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo, Tiếng Việt 5 tập 1, NXB Giáo dục Việt Nam, tái bản lần thứ 11, 2017

Application of multivariate longitudinal models in SIRT6, FBS, and BMI analysis of the elderly

Objective: SIRT6 is a main regulator of metabolism and lifespan and its importance has been implicated in the prevention against aging-related diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the application of multivariate longitudinal models in SIRT6, FBS, and BMI analysis in the elderly men after eight weeks concurrent training with supplementation of l-arginine (l-Arg).Methods: Thirty two elderly men with mean age of 63.09 ± 3.71 years were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (each n = 8); Exercise + supplement (ES) group; exercise + placebo (EP) group; supplement (S) group and control (C) group. The ES and EP groups performed the eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Group ES and group S consumed 1000 mg of l-Arg per day at 8:00 pm. Measurements of biochemical variables were done by ELISA Reader method. For analytical purposes, we used the paired sample t-test and multivariate longitudinal modeling with generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology. All analyses have been implemented in R-3.4.1. p Values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.Results: With respect to significant association between sirt6, FBS, and BMI, this study showed that synergy effect of training and supplementation was greater than the sum of their individual effects on SIRT6 (β = 0.79, p < .001), FBS (β = −5.56, p = .022), and BMI (β = −3.89; p = .041). Also exercise alone had a significantly larger effect than supplementation alone on responses.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the joint usage of concurrent training and supplement of l-Arg for elderly men could improve the metabolism and body composition.

Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of instep weights (Powerinstep) in everyday runners

The use of weights when training is very common, especially in compensatory work and in performing supplementary exercises. A new type of weight appeared in the market in 2015 with the name of Powerinstep. It is a weight placed on the instep of athletes running shoes (Padulles & Rius, 2015). The goal of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of the use of these weights (Powerinstep) regarding the effect of biomechanical and certain athletic performance variables on two everyday runners groups with similar training methods. The sample used was composed of 19 subjects (9 male and 10 female). The control group (without weight) was made up of 4 subjects and the experimental group had 15 subjects (4 had 50 gram weights on each foot, 5 had 100 grams on each foot, and 6 had 150 grams on each foot). The weight given to each athlete depended on their body weight. There was a pre-test and a post-test done to each athlete with a training period of 14 weeks in between. These tests were: the Bosco test (SJ, CMJ, and ABK) and the Leger test (UMTT). The analysed variables were: height (cm) in SJ, CMJ, and ABK; time (s) in the Leger test; maximum and average heart rate (bpm); contact, flight, and passing times (s) of both left and right feet; step length (m) both left and right feet; stride length (m); the elevation of the centre of mass (cm) during left and right steps and the strides. Both the experimental group and the control group trained under the same time and schedule conditions, with the same work volume, and used the same training system. The only thing that varied between the groups was the whether they used weights or not. Given the sample characteristics, the statistical analysis method was non-parametric (Wilcoxon test). A comparative analysis of the variations between the pre-test and the post-test was done, both in the intergroups (control vs. experimental) and the intragroups (between the 3 subgroups of the experimental group). The differences found in the variations of the control group were not statistically significant (p<0.05). Neither were they in comparing the variations of the intragroups between the subgroups of 50g, 100g, and 150g weights (p<0.05). With this, it can be deduced that the weights given to each athlete regarding their body weight were correct. Statistically significant differences were found in the variations of the experimental group regarding the length of the stride (p=0.05), increasing this one, as well as the length of the left step (p=0.04). However, it has to be taken into account that the length of the step can be considered an improvement, but only if it is regulated to fit each athlete’s ideal step length in relation to their trochanteric length, and if it is also associated with an increase of their driving force. Likewise, given the limitations of the sample for significant changes to be given over time, tendencies of the changes in the average percentages were analysed. Even if they did not offer statistically significant differences, they did offer results to take into consideration. This way, variations with higher percentages were found, and they were technically positive for the experimental group in 12 of the 18 analysed variables. The most noteworthy ones were: SJ (increase in the height of the flight (5.99%), Leger test (increase in the time (5.78%), length of both right and left steps (increases 5.99% and a 10.85% respectively), and the length of the stride (increases 8.11%).

Similar 2-point discrimination and stereognosia but better locognosia at long term with an independent home-based sensory reeducation program vs no reeducation after low-median nerve transection and repair

Study DesignProspective controlled study. IntroductionPrevious studies evaluated the effectiveness of sensory reeducation (SR) after peripheral nerve injury and repair. However, evidence for long-term clinical usefulness of SR is inconclusive. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study is to compare the sensory results of patients with low-median nerve complete transection and microsurgical repair, with and without SR at long term. MethodsWe prospectively studied 52 consecutive patients (mean age, 36 years; range, 20-47 years) with low-median nerve complete transection and microsurgical repair. When reinnervation was considered complete with perception of vibration with a 256-cycles per second tuning fork (mean, 3.5 months after nerve injury and repair), the patients were sequentially allocated (into 2 groups [group SR, 26 patients, SR; group R, 26 patients, reassured on recovery without SR). SR was conducted in a standardized fashion, in 2 stages, as an independent home-based program: the first stage was initiated when reinnervation was considered complete, and included instruction in home exercises to identify familiar objects and papers of different roughness, and localization of light touch (eyes open and closed); the second stage was initiated when the patients experienced normal static and moving 2-point discrimination (2PD) at the index fingertip of injured hand, and included instruction in home exercises for stereognosia, supplementary exercises for localization of light touch, and identification of small objects (eyes open and closed). Exercises were prescribed for 5-10 minutes, 4 times per day. At 1.5, 3, and 6 years after nerve injury and repair, we evaluated the static and moving 2PD, stereognosia with the Moberg's pick-up test, and locognosia with the modified Marsh test. Comparison between groups and time points was done with the nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance). ResultsStatic and moving 2PD and stereognosia were not significantly different between groups at any study period. Locognosia was significantly better at 1.5 and 3 years in group SR; locognosia was excellent in 17 patients of group SR vs 5 patients of group R at 1.5-year follow-up and in 14 patients of group SR vs 5 patients of group R at 3-year follow-up. Locognosia was not different between the study groups at 6-year follow-up. ConclusionA 2-stage home program of SR improved locognosia at 1.5 and 3 years after low-median nerve complete transection and repair without significant differences in other modalities or the 6-year follow-up of a small subsample.