Supplementary Description Research Articles

Comprehensive description of new and known stages of Americabaetis titthion Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

The male imago of Americabaetis titthion is described for the first time. It can be distinguished from other male imagos of the genus by the following combination of characteristics: turbinate portion of the eyes with upper surface ellipsoidal and separated by approximately the width of a lateral ocellus; costal area of fore wings tinged with reddish-brown; presence of pairs of soft, setose protuberances on the meso- and metasternum; subgenital plate slightly concave; forceps with segment I/II slightly tapering medioapically. Supplementary descriptions for the nymph and female imago are provided, as well as the first description of the eggs of a species of the genus.

First confirmed record of Buforubroventromaculatus Orlov, Ananjeva, Ermakov, Lukonina, Ninh & Nguyen, 2024 (Anura, Bufonidae) from China, with supplementary description of this species.

Buforubroventromaculatus Orlov, Ananjeva, Ermakov, Lukonina, Ninh & Nguyen, 2024 is a species recently described from Vietnam. Currently, this species is known from central and northern Vietnam and it uncertain whether this species is distributed in China. In addition, the original description of this species is very brief. Based on nine specimens collected from Yunnan Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region, China, we provide the first confirmed record of Buforubroventromaculatus from China. The morphological characteristics of the specimens from China mostly agree with the original description of B.rubroventromaculatus and, phylogenetically, the specimens from China clustered with the type series of B.rubroventromaculatus from Vietnam. We also provide a supplementary description of this species, based on the specimens we collected.

A new species in the genus Aphlugiolopsis Wang, Liu & Li, 2015 (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) with descriptive notes on the known species from China

This paper reports one new species of the genus Aphlugiolopsis Wang, Liu & Li, 2015, i.e. Aphlugiolopsis zhenfengensis sp. nov. and provides supplementary description of Aphlugiolopsis punctipennis Wang, Liu, & Li, 2015 and Aphlugiolopsis lobata Pan & Bian, 2023, the female of the latter is described for the first time.

Ontogenetic instars of Basilobelba werneri Mahunka, 1982 (Acari, Oribatida, Basilobelbidae)

Basilobelba werneri (Oribatida, Basilobelbidae) was collected from an alpine cloud forest in Guatemala. This is the first representative of the family Basilobelbidae in the Guatemalan fauna. A supplementary description of adult B. werneri is presented along with summarized diagnostic morphological traits. The juvenile instars of B. werneri are described for the first time. The larva is characterized by the presence of 11 pairs of gastronotic setae, of which c1 (short), da and dm (medium-sized) slightly thickened, barbed, la, lm, lp, h1, and h2 long, thick, narrowed distally, heavily barbed, and c2, c3 and h3 short, setiform, roughened. The proto-, deuto- and tritonymph are characterized by the presence of 12 pairs of short, setiform gastronotic setae.

Contribution to knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Oribatodes (Acari, Oribatida, Cepheusidae), with supplementary descriptions of two species and data on juvenile instars

The supplementary descriptions of two species of Oribatodes (Oribatida, Cepheusidae), O. mirabilis Banks, 1895 and O. reticulatus (Sitnikova, 1979), are presented, based on adults collected from the U.S.A. and Panama, respectively. The deutonymphal and tritonymphal instars of O. mirabilis and the deutonymphal instar of O. reticulatus are described; this is the first data on juveniles of the genus. The revised generic diagnosis and an identification key to the known representatives of Oribatodes are provided. The taxonomic status of the related genus Reticulocepheus Vasiliu & Călugăr, 1977 is discussed, resulting in the following new taxonomic proposals: Oribatodes Banks, 1895 (=Reticulocepheus Vasiliu & Călugăr, 1977 syn. nov.); O. areolatus (Sitnikova, 1979) comb. nov.; O. decoui (Vasiliu & Călugăr, 1977) comb. nov.; O. grandis (Sitnikova, 1979) comb. nov.; O. mirabiloides (Jacot, 1938) comb. nov.; and O. reticulatus (Sitnikova, 1979) comb. nov. Comparative characteristics of juveniles of the different genera of Cepheusidae are given based on our own data and available literature sources.

A review of the Hermannielloidea (Acari, Oribatida) of South Africa, with description of a new species of Plasmobates

ABSTRACT The cosmopolitan genus, Hermanniella Berlese, 1908, poses challenges in species identification due to incomplete descriptions and variable morphological characteristics. Plasmobates Grandjean, 1929, predominantly found in the tropical and southern Palaearctic regions, poses similar identification difficulties, further complicated by limited consensus on key diagnostic characters. This study aims to address these challenges by providing supplementary descriptions of Hermanniella congoensis Balogh, 1958 and H. dubiosa Mahunka and Mahunka-Papp, 2007 and describing a new species, Plasmobates (Solenozetes) blythedalensis sp. nov. from South Africa. These findings contribute to a better understanding of identification and classification of Hermannielloidea. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AD645B93-1308-4EBC-9133-FF424DB0620D

First description of the female of Achalinus sheni (Serpentes, Xenodermidae), with expanded description of this species

Achalinus sheni Ma, Xu, Qi, Wang, Tang, Huang & Jiang, 2023 was originally described based on only male specimens from Lianyuan City and Nanyue District, Hunan, China. So far, no information on the females of this species is available. After molecular systematics and morphological characters of recently collected specimens from Xinshao County, Hunan, several specimens (3 males and 1 female) were identified as this species. Therefore, we provided supplementary descriptions of the female characteristics of this species in this study. Meanwhile, we extended the description of this species.

The enigmatic Notolathrus sensitivus Remes Lenicov, 1992 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae): supplementary description and conservation status

Notolathrus sensitivus holds the distinction of being the first cave-restricted planthopper species documented in South America, and currently stands as the sole known troglobitic Fulgoromorpha species in Argentina. This paper presents a comprehensive supplementary description of N. sensitivus, incorporating newly collected male and female specimens. Notably, this study provides the first-ever description of females for this species. In addition to photographs of structural details, we include images showcasing live specimens within their natural habitat. Furthermore, we highlight the primary threats that pose risks to the species’ survival. Based on these significant findings, we strongly advocate for the inclusion of N. sensitivus on the Argentine endangered species list, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation measures.

The Anchigamasus mite species (Parasitiformes: Parasitidae), synonyms revisited

Anchigamasus crassicornutus (Willmann, 1954) has sometimes been considered as synonym of Anchigamasus geileri (Karg, 1968). In view of a large body of material, it is proposed that both species are valid and these names are not synonyms. This study contains supplementary descriptions for Anchigamasus crassicornutus (Willmann, 1954) and Anchigamasus geileri (Karg, 1968) in support of that proposal, and a new synonymy for Pergamasus crassicornutus Willmann sensu Athias-Henriot, 1967.

On the occurrence of the deep-sea barnacle Tetrachaelasma southwardi Newman & Ross, 1971 (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Bathylasmatidae) in the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon, Argentina: supplementary description and taxonomic remarks on the genus

Tetrachaelasma southwardi Newman & Ross, 1971, a bathylasmatine balanomorph, has been recorded from the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon (ca. 38°S, off the coast of Argentina), at two stations located at significantly different depths (1950 m and 2934 m). A total of 29 specimens, complete or damaged but with soft parts intact, were collected. This unusually large number of well-preserved specimens allows us to add supplementary descriptions and document intraspecific morphological variations. The differences between T. southwardi and T. tasmanicum Buckeridge, 1999, the second species of this genus, are re-evaluated. A map and an updated list including all the records of the genus Tetrachaelasma Newman & Ross, 1971 are provided. The distribution of the genus Tetrachaelasma in the Southern Ocean is discussed. Furthermore, a single specimen of another bathylasmatine balanomorph, which was assigned to the genus Bathylasma Newman & Ross, 1971, was also obtained at the 1950 m station herein studied. This is the first record of the genus Bathylasma from the South-West Atlantic. This specimen has one T. southwardi attached to it, marking the first time that members of these two genera have been found living together.

Taxonomic contribution to knowledge of the oribatid mite subfamily Arcoppiinae (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae)

This study is based on oribatid mites of the subfamily Arcoppiinae (Oribatida, Oppiidae) collected from rainforest litter in Izabal Department, Guatemala. A new species of Arcoppia—A. tetraramosa sp. nov.—is described. In having several long, barbed branches of the bothridial seta and comparatively long dorsal notogastral setae, the new species is similar to A. dechambrierorum and A. serrulata, but can be distinguished from both by the morphology of the rostrum, the length of dorsal notogastral setae, the sculpturing of basal part of the prodorsum, the length of the costula, and the presence of the specific ridge-like structure in front of the transcostula. A supplementary description of Wallworkoppia cervifer is presented and its main morphological traits are summarized.

Prompt-Enhanced Generation for Multimodal Open Question Answering

Multimodal open question answering involves retrieving relevant information from both images and their corresponding texts given a question and then generating the answer. The quality of the generated answer heavily depends on the quality of the retrieved image–text pairs. Existing methods encode and retrieve images and texts, inputting the retrieved results into a language model to generate answers. These methods overlook the semantic alignment of image–text pairs within the information source, which affects the encoding and retrieval performance. Furthermore, these methods are highly dependent on retrieval performance, and poor retrieval quality can lead to poor generation performance. To address these issues, we propose a prompt-enhanced generation model, PEG, which includes generating supplementary descriptions for images to provide ample material for image–text alignment while also utilizing vision–language joint encoding to improve encoding effects and thereby enhance retrieval performance. Contrastive learning is used to enhance the model’s ability to discriminate between relevant and irrelevant information sources. Moreover, we further explore the knowledge within pre-trained model parameters through prefix-tuning to generate background knowledge relevant to the questions, offering additional input for answer generation and reducing the model’s dependency on retrieval performance. Experiments conducted on the WebQA and MultimodalQA datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms other baseline models in retrieval and generation performance.

Augmented reality as a technology that supports the spatial development process

Motives: The solutions for designing spatial development methods in planning documents are presented as 2D graphics with supplementary descriptions. Due to the lack of specialist knowledge and insufficient spatial imagination, some readers may be unable to understand the graphic and descriptive content of such documents. The above can lead to the construction of objects that disrupt spatial order without violating the law. This problem can be solved by applying augmented reality (AR) in spatial planning. This paper presents the capabilities of a method for visualizing different spatial development variants on the example of buildings. A model of a building plot and the surrounding area, covered by a local spatial development plan, was developed.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the AR technology for identifying low-precision areas in the plan and its potential impact on the method of land development, with a resulting deterioration in spatial order.Results: The use of the AR technology enables analyses and assessments of planned development in the context of spatial order and its integration with the existing elements. Visualizations presented with the AR technology show that different interpretations of the local zoning plan generate spatial chaos. The utility of 3D visualization for an average reader was also presented. The AR technology can be used at the stage of preparing planning documents (community participation, adopting the plan), adopting by-laws (councilors), and enforcing these regulations (investors’ decisions).

Identity on Filchneria heteroptera (Wu, 1938) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) with a new record of Paraleuctra cercia (Okamoto, 1922) from China.

Filchneria heteroptera (Wu, 1938) is rediscovered from Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China. A supplementary description and illustrations including aedeagal structures based on newly collected specimens are provided. Filchneria dongruihangi Chen, 2020 is considered here as a junior synonym of F. heteroptera (Wu, 1938). Paraleuctra cercia (Okamoto, 1922) is reported from Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces, China for the first time.

First record of Oribatula variaporosa (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatulidae) from Ukraine

Oribatula variaporosa Iordansky, 1991 is recorded for the first time in Ukraine. A supplementary description of this species is presented, based on an adult collected from dry meadow steppe in Dudari village, Rzhyshchiv CATC, Kyiv region. A key to Oribatula mites of Ukraine was prepared.

Mysidopsis jenseni n. sp. from the Pacific coast of Washington, with first description of female M. intii Holmquist, 1957 (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae).

Mysidopsis jenseni n. sp. is described from the Puget Sound area, Washington, USA from sand/rocky bottoms in depths of 8 to 15 m. This new species increases the number of American Pacific species of Mysidopsis to eight. Based on a collection of M. intii Holmquist, 1957 from coastal waters of Chile, a supplementary description of the male is presented and the female is described for the first time. The presence of a mid-dorsal lappet near the posterior margin of the carapace of females only distinguishes the new species from all other Mysidopsis species except M. velifera Brattegard, 1973 from the Caribbean. M. jenseni is further separated from its American Pacific congeners by the following combination of characters: antennal scale 34 times as long as wide with a rounded apex and distal suture; uropodal endopod with 89 spiniform setae along ventromedial margin; telson with 4654 spiniform setae along all margins. The presence of lobe-like protuberances on the basis and dactylus of thoracic endopods 38 was documented for the new species, M. intii and other species of Mysidopsis as well as species belonging to the other four genera within the Tribe Mysidopsini. A key to the species of Mysidopsis of the Pacific coasts of the Americas is given.

A supplementary description of Typhlodromina conspicua (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Türkiye, with comments on its taxonomic status

ABSTRACT Typhlodromina conspicua (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and the genus Typhlodromina are reported from Türkiye for the first time. Many morphological details, including measurements of dorsal setae, were missing in its original description. In addition, there are inconsistencies regarding the dorsal setal lengths and number of macrosetae on leg IV among the redescriptions of this species by different authors. Most importantly, we observed five setae (pd absent) on trochanter I of this species, compared to six in many groups of the subfamily Typhlodrominae, which have been mainly reported from the Palearctic region. Therefore, a supplementary description and new illustrations of this species are provided, based on female specimens collected from Populus deltoides and P. nigra (Salicaceae) trees in Samsun Province on the Black Sea coast. In addition, the important diagnostic characters of this species are reviewed to facilitate species delimitation. Based on our examinations of two of the six known species of the genus, it appears that Typhlodromina spp. could be elevated to the level of tribe or subfamily, based on their distinctive morphological characters. However, additional molecular analysis, in combination with the use of morphological characters, would help to confirm the taxonomic status of Typhlodromina.

New and little-known species of soil mites of the families Oppiidae and Suctobelbidae (Acari: Oribatida) from Korea

ABSTRACT Both families studied here, Oppiidae and Suctobelbidae, are diversely represented in the northern hemisphere, but these groups are insufficiently studied in Korea. Herein, we propose two new species, Ramusella (Insculptoppiella) ermilovi sp. nov., Medioxyoppia jejudoensis sp. nov., and provide supplementary descriptions of 11 little known species, Graptoppia (Stenoppia) crista Ohkubo, 1996, Multioppia glabra (Mihelčič, 1955), Ramusella curtipilus Hammer, 1971, Quadroppia (Coronoquadroppia) monstruosa Hammer, 1979, Suctobelbella amurica (Krivolutsky, 1966), Suctobelbella granifera Chinone, 2003, Suctobelbella nitida Chinone, 2003, Suctobelbella (Flagrosuctobelba) aokii Chinone, 2003, Suctobelbella (Flagrosuctobelba) chabarica Rjabinin, 1975, Suctobelbella (Ussuribata) chinonei Subías, 2017, and Suctobelbella (Ussuribata) variosetosa (Hammer, 1961), which are newly reported from Korea. All species are inhabitants of litter and soil from various types of forests in Korea. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0AAC50EB-BEBA-4CDA-8333-085B2712BFE6

Cecidophyinae (Acari: Acariformes) from Serbia: description of a new species, supplementary description of six species and four new records for the fauna

During the faunistic survey of Cecidophyinae mites in Serbia, a new species, Achaetocoptes dragicae sp. nov., found on Erica carnea L. is described and illustrated. Additionally, supplementary descriptions of six species (Cecidophyes glaber (Nal.), Cecidophyes nudus Nal., Cecidophyes psilonotus (Nal.), Cecidophyes gymnaspis (Nal.), Cecidophyopsis rosmarinusis Wang et al., and Chrecidus quercipodus Manson) are provided. Moreover, Achaetocoptes cerrifoliae (Labanowski & Soika) and Bariella bakonyense Ripka & Csóka, represent new records for the Serbian fauna, while Ce. rosmarinusis and Ch. quercipodus are recorded for the first time in Europe. Sequences of mtCOI barcode region are provided for all species.

New species and records of gall mites of the genus Aceria (Eriophyoidea, Eriophyidae) associated with Tamarix in Egypt and South Africa

This paper reports on eriophyoid mites of the genus Aceria Keifer (Eriophyoidea, Eriophyidae) associated with Tamarisk plants (Tamarix spp., Tamaricaceae) in Egypt and South Africa. Three new Aceria species are described: A. aegyptytamaricis n. sp. causing green galls on buds and twigs of Tamarix senegalensis DC. in Egypt, A. noorspoortiensis n. sp. causing bright pink galls on young shoots of T. usneoides E. Mey. ex Bunge in South Africa, and A. benhaiensis n. sp. living under scaly leaves and causing small green galls and deformation of twigs on T. senegalensis in Egypt and T. usneoides (in South Africa). Sequences of three genes, Cox1, D1D2 28S, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, were obtained for A. noorspoortiensis n. sp. and A. benhaiensis n. sp. Blastx search for Cox1 sequences of both new species against Aceria from GenBank (a) indicated the sequence AIT38252.1 of Aceria sp. from Tamarix sp. from India as the most similar with 87–90% identity and 55–56% coverage and (b) revealed one codon deletion about 500 bp in the 3′ direction from the Cox1 start codon, which is the first documented case of a codon deletion in the middle part of this gene in Eriophyinae. Additionally, supplementary descriptions of three other Aceria spp. collected from tamarisks in Egypt are given. They are: A. amrini Joshi from big brown galls of T. aphylla (L.) H. Karst. (first record for Africa), A. dioicae (Keifer) from green galls on buds and twigs of T. senegalensis, and A. tamaricis (Trotter) from green galls on buds and twigs of T. senegalensis (first record for Africa).