Supervisory Research Articles

Pengaruh Audit Internal dan Manajemen Risiko Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan dengan Basis BSC

The study aims to determine the impact of Internal Audits and Risk Management on company performance. The study was held at PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII (Persero) also the respondents of this study is from the Unit of Internal Supervisory (SPI) and the Finance and Accounting Unit using non-probability sampling techniques. Furthermore, the data will be processed with the help of SPSS software version 25.0 . The results of the study show that Internal Audit and Risk Management simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on the Company's performance of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII (Persero) is 75.4%. The rest of impacted variables was 24.6% can be influenced by other variables that are not used but still have a relation with this study.

PENDIDIKAN POLITIK DAN PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK PENGAWAS DANA DESA

Education is one means for transferring knowledge. With a variety of media used, it is expected to be able to provide the expected information. Political education is one of them, with the hope that people understand and understand what is meant by politics. Especially in rural communities where the tendency to have minimal information about politics. In this activity, political education uses the andragogy method, where learning is specifically for adults. Invite the community to play an active role in the problems that exist. Focus Group Discussion is one vehicle for community involvement, they can express their opinions. The main target in this activity is the youth group. The results of service are: 1. The implementation of "Political Education and Establishment of Village Fund Supervisory Groups" departs from two things, namely the first concerning the urgency of community participation in village governance. Second, departing from concerns about the tendency of community apathy in managing village funds, 2. The process of organizing this service is carried out by the andragogy method in which participants are stimulated through group discussions, and are also given the opportunity to express their opinions during the course of thematerial. is when initiating the formation of a superv isory group, they carefully observe it, and are very enthusiastic in discussing how the oversight mechanism will be carried out.

Risk Model Validation: A Necessitybut also an Opportunity

In April 2011, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) expanded long-standing guidelines titled, “Supervi sory Guidance on Model Risk Management.” The OCC issued these guidelines in response to the banking industry’s increasing reliance on modeling and analytics to drive decision making. Third-party model developers are accustomed to an annual validation to ensure that the proverbial “proof is in the pudding” and the model remains predictive even amid changing environments. In this article, the author provides a road map for risk management professionals that emphasizes and leverages the OCC’s guidance while identifying opportunities for portfolio performance enhancement. The article covers critical validation strategies, including ongoing monitoring, outcome analysis, back testing, benchmarking, stress testing, sensitivity analysis, and drill down. <b>TOPICS:</b>Risk management, fixed income and structured finance

Real-time polarization mode dispersion monitoring system for a multiple-erbium-doped fiber amplifier, dense wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber transmission by amplified spontaneous emission modulation and acousto-optic tunable fiber scanning techniques

Without interruption or affecting the transmission of ordinary payload channels, we propose a real time polarization mode dispersion (PMD) monitoring system for long-haul, multiple erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical fiber transmission using modulated amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of one of the EDFAs as the supervisory (SV) signal source. An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) at the receiver side is adopted to scan the spectrum of the transmitted ASE SV signal. Using the fixed-analyzer method, PMDs of different wavelength bands that range from 1545 to 1580 nm of a DWDM fiber-optic communication system can be found by adaptively changing the radio frequency of the AOTF. The resolution and the measuring range of the proposed monitoring system can be significantly improved by cascading the AOTFs at the receiver side.

Identity, Supervision, and Work Groups

“I want to tell my foreman to f*** off, but I can’t.” So says “Mike,” a steel handler we meet in Stud Terkel’s book Working (1974, xxxv). Many workers’ stories we read in Working and in ethnographies suggest workers greatly resent supervision. As a result, they exert lower effort and may sabotage production. Mike puts dents in the steel. Ethnographies also reveal workers who are not strictly monitored develop work group output norms. This paper uses the con cept of identity to study trade-offs in supervi sory policy. 1 We follow the social psychology literature and examine intrinsic incentives that depend on how workers see themselves in rela tion to the firm. When a supervisor monitors workers, workers adopt an identity in opposition to the firm. The firm gains information and can fine-tune its incentive pay. But resentful workers require high compensation to work in the firm’s interest. With no monitoring, workers are less hostile to the firm. But they may forge a work group identity, with norms that restrict output. We show that a firm may find it profitable to have lax supervision. When workers take on a work group identity, the cost per unit of effort can be lower than when workers view them selves in opposition to the firm. We shall present the model, and then discuss some classic studies of workplaces that portray these trade-offs. Our identity framework synthesizes an emerg ing body of economic theory and empirics on incentives and monitoring (e.g., Bruno Frey 1993; Gary Charness 2000; Daniel S. Nagin et al. 2002; Michael T. Rauh and Giulio Seccia 1 This paper provides a simple formal model of tradeoffs described loosely in Akerlof and Kranton (2005). We also discuss further implications of supervision versus work group cohesion.

Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians

2-test, t-test, and logistic regression. Results: A quarter (25.8%) of the workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms in more than one body region. The prevalence of symptoms was 12.9% in the lower back, 10.2% in the shoulders, 9.4% in the legs/foots, 9% in the neck, 5.9% in the hands/wrists/fingers, and 2.7% in the arms/elbows. General char acteristics were not found to influence musculoskeletal symptoms, except that workers practicing regular exercise reported fewer lower back symptoms (p=.038). Low social support (p=.001), and low superviso ry support (p=.000) were significant factors for increased musculoskeletal symptoms whereas decisions latitude, psychological job demands, and co-worker support were not found to have significant associa tions, with the exception of low decision latitude which was significantly associated with increased legs/foots symptoms (p=.034). More than two thirds (69.6%) of the workers whose perceived physical load was very high complained of symptoms. This rate was eight times higher than for workers whose perceived load was very low (p=.000). The workers highly exposed to both physical and psychosocial risk factors were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than workers highly exposed to only one of these factors (p=.000). The odds ratios for very high-perceived physical load (OR 13.9) and low supervisory support (OR 2.9) were clearly increased. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that consideration for perceived physical load and psy chosocial characteristics as important determinants is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians. To develop effective intervention programs to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, a comprehensive and systematic approach should be the basic premise. Such an intervention program should consist of ergonomic, managerial and behavioral interventions to reduce physical load and psychosocial factors.

Stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression using cross-phase modulation induced by an optical supervisory channel in WDM links

A stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression method is proposed for wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) links, based on the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect induced by an optical supervisory (SV) channel. Since the XPM on each signal channel is induced by the 52-Mb/s optical SV channel, the SBS suppression is nearly insensitive to WDM signal channels. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method can increase the SBS threshold and reduce the error floors irrespective of the bit rate, channel power, channel wavelength, and channel spacing of the WDM channels.

OA&amp;M framework for multiwavelength photonic transport networks

Photonic networks based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and optical path technologies are expected to realize flexible, transparent, and cost-effective transport networks with a large transmission capacity. This paper explores the design framework of photonic transport networks taking into consideration the operation administration and maintenance (OA&M) functions required for the successful introduction of WDM systems based on the optical path concept. From the view point of network maintenance, clear distinction is made between the optical path layer and the optical section layer to facilitate accurate and smooth failure localization. The digital multiplexing span between physical multiplexing interfaces at the end-to-end digital nodes should have the same maintenance span as the corresponding optical path. We argue that cooperative maintenance by OA&M functions at both the digital and optical layers can be a practical way of network supervision. A supervisory (SV) signal transfer method and a configuration that is suitable for the terrestrial trunk network are also indicated. As an example, a practical SV system design methodology and an actual procedure developed for a single channel optical transmission system based on optical in-line amplifiers are introduced. Furthermore, application of the developed SV system and network restoration schemes is discussed for future WDM-based photonic networks. The OA&M aspects introduced will be valuable for creating future photonic network systems.

A remote supervisory system based on subcarrier overmodulation for submarine optical amplifier systems

A supervisory (SV) signal transmission scheme for long haul optical amplifier systems is described. The scheme is based on subcarrier overmodulation of the line signal and features simple configuration; due to the use of EDFA gain modulation, no additive optical components are required in a submarine repeater to transmit a response signal. This paper discusses the subcarrier modulation index and frequency used for the SV signaling, the most significant design parameters. The dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the modulation index in SV signal transmission is analyzed to clarify the modulation index value required for reliable SV signaling. In addition, the line signal impairment caused by subcarrier overmodulation is also analyzed to show the system's in-service feasibility. The subcarrier frequencies used for command and response signal transmission are discussed from the experimental results on the frequency response of an optical amplifier system and EDFA gain modulation efficiency.

A supervisory channel scheme for EDFA transmission systems that uses Brillouin amplification

A supervisory (SV) signal transmission channel scheme that makes use of fiber Brillouin amplification is proposed for Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) transmission systems. In the scheme, the forward line signal pumps the backward SV signal through Brillouin amplification. The scheme is realized by combining a new type of EDFA repeater based on circulators and an optical frequency scanning technique that ensures the SV signal frequency falls within the narrow Brillouin gain band. Bidirectional transmission over a 130 km transmission line is confirmed by successfully measuring the bit error rates of the 2.4 Gb/s line signal and the 5 kb/s SV signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Eighth Latin American Labor History Conference

Sponsored by Latin American studies programs of Yale and University of Connecticut, conference on Women and Labor in Latin America ex amined gender dynamics of production and reproduction. The presenta tions, given April 17-18, 1987, touched on a broad spectrum of topics, includ ing women and factory labor, sexual politics of rural social conflict, tensions of life among nineteenth-century domestic servants, and women's role in contemporary trade unionism. Dealing with employer visions of industrial employee, Barba ra Weinstein explored contradictions inherent in annual industrialist sponsored Operario Padr?o (Ideal Worker) campaigns conducted in S?o Paulo, Brazil between 1964 and 1986. Conducted by Social Service of In dustry (SESI), this factory, state, and national-level competition was designed to celebrate individual-worker achievement and foster a mobility myth within factory, and was referred to as Operario Ladr?o (Worker Thief) or Operario Patr?o (Worker Boss) contest by union activists. Only three of 55 winners examined by Weinstein were women, despite an industrial work force that was one-quarter female. Susan Besse of City University of New York emphasized that male underlying SESI contest clearly implied a larger employer vision of women's proper role. Discussing stereotyped vision of women's place ad vanced by Labor Ministry in 1930s (efficiency, economy, and Taylor ism in kitchen), she suggested ways to explore differential normative standards of gender that characterized SESI and male factory workers who voted in these contests. Steven Stein (University of Miami) welcomed Wein stein's use of interviews and work histories to examine human-level contra dictions of these ideal workers, who tended on whole to be male super visory personnel. In Women and Popular Politics in Postwar S?o Paulo, Brazil, John French (Utah State University) explored women's sociopolitical participation in industrial ABC region of Greater S?o Paulo, 1945-47. Dealing with a pe riod of political upsurge and mass strikes, he observed that the greater ex tent, depth, and intensity of working-class mobilization, greater in volvement and visibility of working-class women, including both housewives and women workers. Such abnormal times, he continued, help to reveal

Supervisory signal transmission by modulating the mB1C code complementary bit

A supervisory signal transmission method for digital optical communication systems is proposed. It minimizes circuit scale, clock frequency increase, and interference between traffic and supervisory information, and does not require customization. The supervisory signal is carried by the amplitude-modulated complementary bit in the mB1C coded sequence. The code adds a single bit after every m bit block as a complement to the last bit of the block. Clock frequency increase is kept at a level of (m+1)/m. This additional bit is called the C bit. If the C bit's amplitude is modulated according to the supervisory (SV) signal and the main data block is not modulated, traffic and supervisory information can be isolated in time over the same fiber transmission. >

The Swiss Database Project for Art and Cultural Heritage

The application of information science in the museums of Switzerland seems to be more or less the same as in the other German-speaking coun tries of Europe. Very few museums have more than five years experience in the application of computers. Most museums have only been using word processors so far. They are now confronted with the personal computer as a new tool for efficiently cataloguing the collection and keeping the in ventory. Politically, Switzerland is divided into 26 cantons, each of which is proud of its independence from the federation. The federal government in Berne is operating only very few museums, the Swiss National Museum in Zurich, the Foundation Oskar Reinhart in Winterthur and some much smaller institutions. In general, the medium-size museums (staff, collec tion, exhibitions, administration) arc financially supported by their can tons. Not necessary to say that every canton stresses different points in its museum politics. It is remarkable that museums in the French part of Switzerland started earlier and are more advanced in applying informatics. The software TEXTO is often used on various hardware, following its adoption by the Mus?e d'Art et d'Histoire of Geneva ten years ago. The museums in Ger man speaking Switzerland are mostly using dBaselll + , LARS and Oracle on IBM-compatible hardware. The foreseeable result of this diverse situation could well be that every museum will solve its own museum management and cataloguing pro blems on its own, all by itself, spending an enormous amount of time and money, without realizing what is happening in comparable collections elsewhere. These apprehensions were made, known to one of the few independent institutions that Switzerland has for scientific politics. As a result, the Swiss Academy for the Humanities commissioned in February 1986 a su pervisory group to study the application of information technology in the fine arts and the applied arts.

How Supervisors Think about Teaching

Rust focuses on how preservice super visors think about their practice and how they communicate their knowledge to student teachers. Three key findings emerge from an analysis of journal en tries by university supervisors. First, there is remarkable consistency be tween what supervisors write in their journals and their interactions with their student teachers. Second, there are dif ferences between experienced and new supervisors having to do with supervi sory experience and ability to reflect on and talk about practice. Third, super visors appear to follow a path of profes sional development similar to that iden tified by Frances Fuller with regard to teachers.

Organizational Structure for Casework Supervision

lating, examining, and critically evaluating the process of supervision has few parallels in other professional fields. In reviewing the literature one finds that much energy has gone into developing the supervisory process, and—more recently—into how much supervision is required for practi tioner and student, as well as how it is used in various settings such as family agencies, schools, and clinics. However, the super visory structure within which the super visory process takes place, and the way in which structure and process relate to each other, have received relatively little atten tion.1

Notes on a fast time-to-amplitude converter

A time-to-amplitude converter with a full resolution width of 8.5 × 10 −10 sec is described. The circuit is based on the 6BN6 gated beam tube operated at unusually low electrode voltages. An additional supervisory fast coincidence circuit ensures that output pulses are produced only when the pulse delay lies within the desired time interval, thus avoiding the double-valued time-to-amplitude conversion inherent in such systems. Examples of the performance of the apparatus are shown for prompt coincidences and for the delayed coincidence distribution observed when positrons annihilate in fused quartz. The time-to-amplitude converter is easily added to an existing fast-slow coincidence assembly.