Supervisory Relations Research Articles

TEACHER’S WORK VALUES: A KEY TO ENHANCING WORK ENGAGEMENT

The school is the cornerstone of the global education system, and educators are essential to providing learners with a high-quality education. Outstanding service from teachers can result in enduringly positive experiences for students. Therefore, achieving high satisfaction among stakeholders depends critically on the unique motivational constructions of educators. The study's key findings indicate that both full-time and part-time faculty members rated the overall level of teacher’s work engagement as "Engaged," specifically in areas such as work-life balance, opportunities for growth and development, health and safety, autonomy, and feedback. A significant difference was found in work-life balance engagement between full-time and part-time faculty, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis, whereas no significant difference was observed in the other areas of engagement. Regarding teacher’s work values, both full-time and part-time faculty rated them as "Observed" across aspects like economic returns, achievement, prestige, ways of life, security, supervisory relations, associates, variety, and surroundings, with no significant difference found between the two groups, thus accepting the hypothesis. Additionally, a significant relationship exists between teacher’s work engagement and teacher’s work values, resulting in the rejection of the hypothesis.

The Concept and Types of Administrative and Economic Affairs Arising from Decentralized Spheres of Control and Supervisory Relations

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of administrative and economic cases arising in decentralized spheres of control and supervisory relations as an objective category of administrative procedural law necessary for the construction and improvement on objective scientific grounds of the system of procedural forms of resolution of relevant extrajudicial administrative cases, as well as court administrative cases derived from them in order to ensure full protection of the rights of Russian citizens on the basis of balance of interests. In particular, approaches to the definition of the concept of administrative and economic affairs are substantiated, its most significant categories are identified, a set of theoretical conclusions and proposals is substantiated for practical purposes of improving legal regulation, judicial and extrajudicial law enforcement.

Legal Protection in the Implementation of State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control: Looking for a Balance of Interests

This article provides an analysis of the legal protection of controlled persons in the implementation of control and supervisory measures. The authors comprehensively considered legal protection in the implementation of control and supervisory activities, as a set of legal and organizational means to maintain a balance of private and public interests. However, due to the insufficient legal formalization of the legal categories public and private interests, the prevailing importance in determining their content is assigned to the discretion of the court when making certain decisions. The authors conclude that the determination of the balance of participants in the control and supervisory relations clearly hinges on the regulation of the peculiarities of the implementation of the legal status of subjects of private and public law

Управленческие правоотношения в структуре механизма административно-правового регулирования в сфере высшего образования

Introduction. In conditions of reforming higher school, developing public relations and extending the market of educating services, the relevant governing relations acquire more complex nature, which requires the comprehensive analysis of the activity of both the bodies of executive power and education institutions in their cooperation. Theoretical analysis. The broad diversity of the theoretical approaches to the understanding of the governing relations in the sphere of higher education and legal relations at universities, and specific features of cooperation between the participants of such relations enables the author to make a number of analogies with service relations. Empirical analysis. The author revealed that the disciplinary legal relations of positive type in the sphere of higher education determine the enhancement of efficiency of the public administration in the sphere of higher education. Results. The multiplicity of administrative legal relations in the sphere of higher education causes the terminological ambiguity in certain issues of the realization of the education programs of higher education. The content of these programs are currently not determined legislatively as providing state services. The existing approach to the legal regulation of control and supervisory relations in the relevant sphere has to be reviewed.

Linkage between rewards and workspace morale in a hyperinflationary environment

The study presents a burden on theory and practice for discovering a reward criterion that achieves workspace morale in a hyperinflationary context. It aimed to determine the relationship between the individual components of rewards (extrinsic, intrinsic, and social) and workspace morale and the mediating role of employee engagement in a hyperinflationary context. The study applied a cross-sectional study. It employed a structured questionnaire as a study instrument. The target population for the study comprised 900 employees and managers of Bindura municipality in Zimbabwe. The study employed a sample of 269 employees and managers, and the methodology used was a case study. A total of 269 questionnaires were hand delivered after administering the ethical consent form. A total of 214 questionnaires were returned, and after preliminary review and cleaning, 17 questionnaires were found with missing values leaving 197 analyzable questionnaires thus, achieving a 73.2% response rate. The study used multiple regression analysis. The results reveal a significant direct effect of total reward, intrinsic reward, and social reward on workspace morale. The direct effect of extrinsic reward on workspace morale was statistically insignificant. It also reveals that the effects of total reward on workspace morale are mediated only partially by employee engagement. The study viewed employee engagement as a mediating force between rewards and workspace morale but did not examine the bond longitudinally. The study recommends exploring reward options, specifically supportive supervisory relations, work autonomy, role clarity, skill variety and regular feedback to improve workspace morale in hyperinflation. The results demonstrate the importance of practices that win employee hearts to enhance commitment instead of external motivation in an inflationary environment.

Review of the Practice of Courts in Administrative Cases Arising From Antimonopoly Control and Supervisory Relations

This review, based on a scientific and practical study of the practice of courts in cases arising from the antimonopoly control, focused on the actual problems of proving the presence/absence of a violation of the antimonopoly legislation in the implementation of antimonopoly control and supervision activities and offers directions and approaches to improving law enforcement practice.

A Digital Controller as a Subject of Public Financial Control

The relevance of the study of the concept of a digital controller is predetermined by an active introduction of digital technologies into the control and supervisory activities of authorized bodies, which is expressed in the development of new technologies, the use of automated systems, artificial intelligence and other achievements. The use of digital technologies of various levels of complexity (gradually being introduced, breakthrough technologies and technologies of the near future) to increase the efficiency of the activities of control and supervisory authorities forms a new type of public financial control — digital public financial control that has a number of features, and, accordingly, is carried out by a specific entity. The entity exercising digital public financial control has new characteristics. The term a “digital controller” is new, there is no legal definition of it in the current legislation of the Russian Federation. Plans for the introduction of new digital technologies, especially artificial intelligence and robots, lead to discussions about their role in the legal relations that develop with their participation, that is, they lead to the development and analysis of the problem of attributing them either to objects or subjects. Thus, it seems appropriate to study the concept of “digital controller”, as well as its place in control and supervisory legal relations. At the present stage of development, we can confidently talk about the possibility of considering a digital controller in three aspects: as a control and supervisory authority, which is the subject of digital public financial control; employees of control and supervisory authorities working directly with digital systems; electronic persons, that is, artificial intelligence and robots as independent subjects.

Analytical Review of Judicial Practice in Resolving Administrative Tort Disputes Arising from Control and Supervisory Relations

The review introduces a special concept of an administrative-tort dispute arising from control and supervisory legal relations, and identifies two independent types of such dispute resolved by courts: punitive administrative-tort disputes and restorative administrative-tort disputes. The article considers the practice of courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts in resolving administrative tort disputes arising from control and supervisory relations. The main types of judicial errors in such disputes are studied. The principles of law applied in the resolution of this category of disputes are analyzed.

Clinical supervision in CBT training: what do participants view as effective?

AbstractLiterature pertaining to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) supervision is limited, particularly about CBT supervision during training. This exploratory study outlines the thoughts of supervisors and supervisees in a training context about which elements make supervision effective. Four supervisees and four experienced CBT supervisors (all from a CBT training programme and independent of one another) were interviewed and asked to consider what makes CBT supervision during training effective. Their responses were evaluated using thematic analysis (TA) and key themes identified. The fit with existing literature was considered via the use of an adapted Delphi poll. Two main themes, containing seven subthemes, were identified from the thematic analysis: ‘supervision as structured learning’ and ‘supervisory relations and process’. The adapted Delphi poll was divided into six categories denoting important characteristics of CBT supervision: (1) the supervisory relationship, (2) ethical factors, (3) generic supervisory skills, (4) mirroring the CBT approach, (5) the supervisor’s knowledge and (6) addressing difficulties. There was a good fit between the TA themes and the Delphi categories. For those engaging in CBT supervision, establishing a structure that mirrors a CBT session, alongside a supportive supervisory alliance, may promote effective CBT supervision during training.Key learning aims(1)To consider what might make CBT supervision during training a better experience for participants, such as alliance factors and structured learning.(2)To discover how supervisors’ and trainees’ perspectives fit with existing research on CBT supervision.(3)To consider some potential supervisory implications related to aspects of CBT supervision that participants find useful.

Validation in Doctoral Education: Exploring PhD Students’ Perceptions of Belonging to Scaffold Doctoral Identity Work

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this article is to make a case of the role of validation in doctoral education. The purpose is to detail findings from three studies which explore PhD students’ experiences and perceptions of belonging in one UK university-ty, in order to hypothesise how validation and self-validation could make a difference in doctoral education, and what practices might support this. Background: The article draws on research into doctoral identity and work on ‘doctoral capital’ to explore how PhD students’ perceptions and experiences of not belonging to doctoral communities negatively impacts on their wellbeing. It extends this research by incorporating theories from Education and Psychology to build a theory of validation in doctoral education. Methodology: The article reports on three studies on PhD journeys and communities undertaken at one UK university. It draws on interview data from thirty doctoral candidates, which was thematically analysed using NVivo 12. Taking a qualitative approach to provide a rich and holistic focus on participant ‘meaning making’, the studies explore how PhD students understand belonging, where they receive validation and feel they need validation, and where self-validation can make a difference to their positivity about the PhD. Taking this approach to understand processes of ‘meaning-making’ paves the way to scaffold solutions through ‘reframing’ processes such as coaching and mentoring. Contribution: Thinking about PhD students’ belonging through the dimension of validation allows for practical support for developing belonging to be scaffolded, specifically through creating spaces to draw coaching skills into supervisory training and PhD student support (e.g., peer mentoring). This is significant as scholarship has shown that coaching has positive effects on wellbeing. This article contributes to understanding of where and how validation and self-validation manifest in doctoral education for PhD students. This contribution identifies ways in which external validation can help to scaffold internal self-validation; thus, offering a way of potentially mitigating risk factors to PhD students’ wellbeing. Specifically, validation can be understood as a ‘reserve’ that can be drawn on for ‘self-validation’. Validation is a solutions-focused theory. As a conceptual apparatus to understand doctoral students’ perceptions, validation theory also provides a frame for scaffolding practical ways for PhD students to build doctoral identity. Findings: The article focuses on challenges to PhD students building communities, supervisory relations and self-validation. It finds that supervisory feedback is a key area where PhD students seek validation. Two arguments are offered. First, that validation is a crucial process in (positive) doctoral identity work. Second, the argument is offered that making spaces for coaching skills to support PhD students can increase opportunities for validation (e.g., via supervisory training) and self-validation (e.g., via peer mentoring). Recommendations for Practitioners: Those who support doctoral researchers can potentially support the development of validation skills and self-validation skills. Some recommendations are included around supporting supervisory training in feedback and listening skills, peer mentoring as a way to foster a transition between external validation and internal self-validation for PhD students, and a worksheet for students’ self-validation is included as an appendix. Recommendation for Researchers: This article extends existing literature on PhD students’ emotion work by offering a new dimension to understand how belonging is developed amongst PhD students. Thinking about belonging through the dimension of validation shifts work on belonging towards possibilities of practical support. Impact on Society: Whilst the term ‘validation’ has been used in undergraduate educational research, and in Psychology (in theory and in clinical contexts) drawing these terms together to create a theory to understand doctoral identity work in higher education has larger potential applications. ‘Validation’ could potentially prove useful within doctoral education context to understand and scaffold PhD students’ development as they navigate transitioning identity positions during candidature. Thus, although the studies are limited in scope to the UK context, the findings could be more widely applied to other higher education contexts. Future Research: Two areas for future research are identified. First, to understand whether and how different groups of doctoral candidates (e.g., such as international students, LGBTQ+ students, etc.) have different validation needs and priorities in their doctoral identity work. The second is to understand the possible impact of using coaching with PhDs in different contexts (e.g., through peer mentoring schemes, supervision, and self-validation).

Perceived racial discrimination in the workplace: considering minority supervisory representation and inter-minority relations

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of increased supervisory representation by certain racial minority groups in U.S. federal agencies on the racial discrimination perceived by nonsupervisory employees of different racial groups in personnel practices. I find inconclusive evidence for inter-minority conflict and cooperation, and that the influence of supervisory representation by certain racial minority groups varies among outgroup minorities. White nonsupervisory employees appear to perceive more racial discrimination as the percentage of racial minority supervisors, regardless of race, increases. I call for further research and practices that disaggregate racial minority groups and consider inter-minority relations as well as minority–majority relations.

The Practice of Courts in Administrative Cases Arising from Control and Supervisory Relations in the Field of Antimonopoly Control (Analytical Review)

This review based on a scientific and practical study of the practice of courts in cases arising from the control of economic concentration, focuses on the current problems of law enforcement in the implementation of antimonopoly control and supervision activities and offers directions and approaches to improving law enforcement practice.

Теоретические и практические аспекты правового эксперимента (на примере эксперимента нового порядка досудебного обжалования решений контрольного (надзорного) органа)

We raise questions related to the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of a legal experiment in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of conducting an experiment on pre-trial appeal against decisions of the control (supervisory) body, ac-tions (inaction) of its officials, which is implemented from August 17, 2020 to June 30, 2021. The study of this topic is particularly relevant in the light of the state control and supervision reform through the introduction of the “regulatory guillotine” mechanism. We analyze the approaches to the essence of the legal experiment that have developed in science, consider the experiments previously conducted in the country, characterize the position that determines the procedure for conducting a legal experiment in the field of pre-trial appeal against decisions of control (supervisory) bodies, present the positions of practicing lawyers on the implementation of this experiment. We conclude that the implementation of a legal experiment in practice is positive, since it contributes to the development of legal regulation in one area or another and the use of this institution in the field of control and supervisory relations will allow the continued effective reform of the state control and supervision system.

Impact of sense of coherence and work values perception on stress and self-reported health of midwives

ObjectiveThe aim of the research was to explore how sense of coherence (SOC) and work values (WVs) impact on stress and perceived health of midwives. Sense of coherence, by definition, reflects a person's view of life and capacity to respond to stressful situations. A further goal was to evaluate the mediating effect of WVs between stress and health. DesignA cross sectional, correlational design was used. SettingParticipants were randomly selected from 13 hospitals across Hungary. ParticipantsThe final sample included 228 midwives. MethodsMain measures included Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, stress subscale from the Demand-Control-Support scale, Super's Work Values Inventory and Subjective Health Test developed by the authors. Statistical analyses determined correlation coefficients, difference by independent t-test, and linear regression. FindingsParticipants reported high level of stress, showed average SOC and subjective health. The most preferred work values were altruism (Mean = 12.40), economic returns (Mean = 12.11) and supervisory relations (Mean = 11.99). SOC and health were positively (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), while SOC and stress were negatively associated (r = −0.36, p < 0.001). WVs indirectly mediated the relationship between health and stress (r = -0.55, p < 0.001). Midwives who worked less than 5 years in practice did not differ on health, stress, WVs and SOC from those who had been working longer. Going from worst to best perceived personal health increased intention to stay in midwifery by 32% in the linear regression model. Key conclusionsIn this study we documented relatively greater levels of stress and average levels of health and SOC among midwives. This paper confirmed that SOC had a positive impact on stress and health specifically for midwives. Uniquely, work values indirectly influenced the relationship between stress and health. Implications for practiceImproving SOC and WVs advance the health of midwives which will reduce the probability of leaving the profession.

The Effect of Human Resources Management on Employees Retention in IBM Corporation

The study investigates HRM practices and their effect on employee retention in the International Business Machine (IBM) Corporations. Organizational success and growth depend on retaining key employees; however, nowadays, organizations are facing a notable challenge in retaining staff (Haider et al., 2015). The research used IBM’s human resources management secondary data consists of 1470 sample size. Established the study’s independent and dependent variables, the reliability coefficient of 0.899 and the model’s adjusted r-square of 91% (p<0.0000). It anchored on Social Exchange Theory (SET) to examine the hypotheses and the survey supported its four hypotheses; whereas it failed to support the remaining two hypotheses. It seems rather odd to conclude that findings on the percentage of salary hike have a negative effect on employee retention, and also an insignificant contribution of an hourly rate and extent of training provided. Hence, its implication to management includes salary hike, hourly rate, and training programs should be geared to improve employee retention rather than as standalone practices. Besides, it has a theoretical contribution anchored on the SET lens. It also incorporated a new variable an extended years’ of work experience, promotion, and supervisory relations have a positive and significant effect on employee retention.

The Perception of Indonesian Nursing Students on the Learning Environment in Clinical Practice

Introduction: The clinical practice environment students have multiple roles as learners and service providers. At this time students are faced with a fluctuating, complex environment and far from the predictions and controls of academic teachers. The aim of this study was to evaluate nursing student satisfaction and perception of the learning environment in clinical practice.Methods: This study used correlational analytic survey methods with cross-sectional approach. A total of 164 nursing student were selected using a convenience sampling. The data were collected in three schools of nursing in East Java. Data were obtained using the Bahasa version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervisions and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T). The instrument showed good validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using descriptive analytic, Spearman rho correlation and logistic regression.Results: Respondents were 164 students, clinical learning practice is mainly determined by the role of nurse teacher (M = 3.82; SD = 0.496). Student satisfaction obtained at 56.7%. There was a significant relationship between clinical practice learning and student satisfaction with p-value 0.000. The highest correlation value is the role of lecturer nurse (r = 0.544), with value R2 = 0.377, the coefficient of β adjusted highest to 2.075.Conclusion: According to student perceptions, the content of supervisory relations, the pedagogy atmosphere in the ward/room and the role of the nurse lecturer contributed greatly to creating a conducive clinical learning environment.

Peranan Pemerintah Daerah di Era Reformasi

The republic of Indonesia as a unitary state embraces the principle of decentralization in the administration of goverment, by providing opportunies and freedom to the region to organize regional autonomy. Thus, regional autonomy is a policy that is in accordance with the principle of decentralization within the framework of the unitary state of the Indonesian republic. The real autonomy is the flexibility of the region to exercise the authority of the goverment in certain areas that are real and necessary and growing, living and developing in the regions. Of course this is to realize independence, autonomy is closely related to the pattern of relation between the central and regional which includes various aspects of the relationship of authority, supervisory relations, financial relations, and so forth traditional. Soewargono and Djohan stated that one of the main functions of goverment is to make public policy. The role of goverment is more as a servant of society that does not aim to gain profit rather than fulfill what the bureaucracy’s own will. The purpose of this paper to know the role of local goverment in the current era of reformasi. The type of research used is normative juridical research, using conceptual approach, legislation approach, and historical approach.

Correlates of Work Values Among Secondary School Teachers in Central Mindanao

Every man approached his “works” with different attitude and with different attitude and with different expectations towards it. The disposition he has toward the work environment is one that has its roots in the values and experience that he brings to his job. The attitude that a person has toward work itself can influence how quickly and willingly he will adapt to his job and how much satisfaction he will obtain from it. Indeed, knowledge and understanding of work values among secondary school teachers would enhance and facilitate understanding and solving various academic problems arising from the influence of operational values. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent of relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and work values among secondary school teachers in Central Mindanao. Specifically, it is designed to answer the following research problems: What are the socio-demographic characteristics of the teacher – respondents and characteristics of public and private secondary school in Central Mindanao? How do the teacher-respondents perceive work values such as Achievement, Competence, Recognition, Interpersonal Relations, Security, Community Relations, Creativity, Supervisory Relations, Prestige, Aesthetic, Intellectual Stimulation, and Enthusiasm? What socio – demographic characteristics of teachers are related to work values of teachers? This study used a descriptive – correlational method to determine the correlates of work values among secondary school teachers both in public and private schools in Central Mindanao. The major research findings, briefly stated, are as follows: The respondents were 325 teachers from secondary schools in Central Mindanao. Of this number, 258 were from public schools and 67 were from private schools. Typically, they were females, 36.38 year old, and married. Majority were bachelor’s degree holders only, with permanent appointment, and a teaching experience of 9.65 years. They perceived the work values of achievement, competence, recognition, interpersonal relations, security, community relations, creativity, supervisory relationship, prestige, aesthetic intellectual stimulation, and enthusiasm as very important. Of these values, however, competence, enthusiasm, interpersonal relations, aesthetic, supervisory relations, and prestige were perceived as relatively more important than others. Length of Service, school type and educational attainment were observed to have significant relationship to some work values. Length of service was significantly related to the value of recognition, which positive or direct relationship. School type and school location were significantly related to the values of competence, creativity, and supervisory relations, also with positive or direct relationship. Further, educational attainment was significantly related to interpersonal relations, with indirect relationship.

"Stuck in the Middle with You?" Supervisory Level and Anger about Work.

Although sociologists have long been interested in the stratification of emotions, the occupational stratification of anger has been investigated in only a few general population studies. Through analyses of data representative of workers in Toronto, we evaluate the hypothesis that workplace hierarchical position, defined by supervisory level, has an inverted u-shaped association with the frequency of anger about work. We also evaluate the more specific hypothesis that the difference in work-related anger between front-line supervisors and nonsupervisory workers will be relatively larger among workers in the commodified services sector than other sectors. Results are generally consistent with our hypotheses. We find that both front-line supervisors in the commodified services sector, and secondary supervisors in all employment sectors, report more frequent anger about work than do nonsupervisory workers. In contrast, higher level supervisors report anger about work at about the same frequency as nonsupervisory workers. These associations are only slightly reduced by controls for work stress and stressors. We discuss how supervisory relations might explain differences in anger about work among workers at different levels in organizational hierarchies.

(((((((((((() , (((((((() (Development of the Concept of Further Development of Mechanisms of the Pre-Trial Appeal Against Decisions and Actions (Inaction) of the Authorities and Their Officials on the Basis of a Typology of Errors and Violations Committed by Public Authorities in the Implementation of Control [Supervision

State control and supervision are playing an important role, both in the activities of the authorities, and in the lives of citizens in the activities of various organizations, for which excessive attention from regulatory bodies becomes an insurmountable administrative barriers. In this connection, streamlining of supervisory relations, including the development of the mechanism of pre-trial appeal as a way of citizens and organizations to protect the rights in the exercise of state control (supervision) is relevant.