Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Applications Research Articles

Real-time anomaly detection in electric motor operation noise

Anomaly detection plays a very important role in many fields to identify abnormalities occurring in the system earlier. This study proposes a new abnormality detection solution for 3-phase electric motors based on their working noise. Normal and abnormal operating noise data sets for an electric motor were acquired in the laboratory. These datasets are converted into the corresponding two-dimensional gray spectrogram image sets. The normal set is used to train the autoencoder (AE) model to find the abnormality evaluation threshold. This threshold is validated again with anomalous data sets. The trained AE is then quantized to be installed on a system consisting of two duo-core microcontroller units (MCUs) for real-time testing. Free real-time operating system (FreeRTOS), a real-time operating system, is used to schedule tasks on the system. Experimental results show that the designed anomaly detector can accurately detect over 99% of abnormal events. The system can communicate with a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) application running on the S7-1200 programmable logic controller (PLC) platform using the Modbus transmission control protocol (TCP) protocol. The SCADA application can continuously record evaluated results from the system and adjust abnormal thresholds for the system directly on the human-machine interface (HMI) screen.

Development of a cloud intelligent machine monitoring and control system

Facing the trend of Industry 4.0, the cloud-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system employing cloud computing and IoT technology can help the manufacturing industry reduce software investment and system maintenance costs. However, manufacturers may need to install new sensors and controllers, the connection of SCADA system and shop floor machine controller, monitoring dashboard design and implementation usually need to outsource to an experienced system integration company, which may impede medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). This paper aims to develop a cloud-based intelligent machine monitoring and control system (CIM-MCS) framework, the service structure, and approach to deploying the CIM-MCS in a public cloud infrastructure platform and service provider. The package diagram is proposed for building the CIM-MCS’s virtual factory model to improve modeling efficiency and data stability. CIM-MCS and its SCADA application in a leading automatic filling and packaging production line show that the CIM-MCS is easy to implement. The transmission time is short and acceptable for practical application. The integration of CIM-MCS with a cloud-based advanced planning scheduling system has the advantage of real-time monitoring, production progress reporting, scheduling, and dispatching and achieves the goal of anytime, anywhere, anyone, and any platform operating an intelligent factory.

Automatic Generation Control Application for Transmission and Generation Centres

Recently, a new Emergency Control Centre for Albanian Transmission System Operator (TSO), which includes Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) applications, has been commissioned. Nowadays, an AGC application is being prepared for the biggest generation company in Croatia, as part of control centre for hydropower plants within western part of Croatia. Both of these implementations use the same AGC application, which is presented in this paper. Although AGC for TSO and AGC for Generation Centre (GC) have many similarities, their main goals are different. AGC for TSO must mainly regulate system’s frequency and area’s active power interchange to their desired values, using only power plants engaged in load-frequency control (LFC). However, AGC for GC must ensure that power production of each power unit not engaged in LFC tracks its planned value, while also ensuring that centre’s share in LFC is being respected. Albeit the AGC is standalone application, in both afore-mentioned implementations it is affiliated with SCADA application, from which it obtains all required input measurements and indications and to which it delivers calculated setpoints. Additionally, all AGC pictures are integrated into SCADA pictures as well, in order to simplify operation and monitoring functionalities. AGC for Albanian TSO controls active power generation of six hydro power plants engaged in LFC. AGC for GC West in Croatia controls active power generation of ten hydro power plants. In both implementations, communication with remote objects is done using IEC 60870-5-104 communication protocol, while communication with other control centres is done using ICCP communication protocol. Power production plans are sent to AGC either from Market Management Systems (in TSO case) or from scheduling and optimization application (in GC case).

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Approach in Node-RED: Application and Discussions

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the binder of two worlds, specifically the real one and the digital one: tangible objects become recognizable in the virtual world, having digital matches, thus creating a network that enables the connection in-between the components. With the contemporary evolution of this domain, interconnectivity has become a primary fraction of new research and development directions. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a concept that covers the more industrial level of the physical and digital connection and stays behind the Industry 4.0 concept. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) applications are important in the industry, their core being very present as complex products of big companies, at high prices. The Node-RED environment quickly evolved as one of the most important perspectives in IIoT, able to replace, up to a certain level, classic SCADA applications, bringing benefits to the industry. In this paper, the main focus is to evidence this aspect and to develop an application that will demonstrate the functionality of the concept, making use of protocols such as Modbus TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for interacting with industrial devices and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) to interact with higher-levels, which provides a publish-subscribe structuring and a low band-width usage. The application uses logging and archiving modules based on InfluxDB database and is conceived to achieve the visual supervisory structure as close as possible to well-known SCADA solutions. The presented work results prove the efficiency of the solution.

Towards establishing a security engineered SCADA framework

ABSTRACTToday, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) devices find their use across a wide range of industries. SCADA applications include industrial, infrastructure, facility, and unique private systems. The evolution of SCADA to interconnect multiple remote locations and networks, communicate over Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) on Local Area Networks (LAN) connected to the internet, and integrate with Internet of Things (IoT) and other Internet Enabled Devices (IED) extends vulnerability exposure risks to the internet and presents a greater need for security considerations for design, implementation, and use. The research in this paper presents the SCADA vulnerability baseline and examines mitigation through an integrating and encapsulating Framework We present a securely engineered SCADA framework which provides an improvement in security, performance and return of investment for industrial applications.

Augmented Reality Applications for Substation Management by Utilizing Standards-Compliant SCADA Communication

Most electrical substations are remotely monitored and controlled by using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications. Current SCADA systems have been significantly enhanced by utilizing standardized communication protocols and the most prominent is the IEC 61850 international standard. These enhancements enable improvements in different domains of SCADA systems such as communication engineering, data management and visualization of automation process data in SCADA applications. Process data visualization is usually achieved through Human Machine Interface (HMI) screens in substation control centres. However, this visualization method sometimes makes supervision, control and maintenance procedures executed by engineers slow and error-prone because it separates equipment from its automation data. Augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) visualization techniques have matured enough to provide new possibilities of displaying relevant data wherever needed. This paper presents a novel methodology for visualizing process related SCADA data to enhance and facilitate human-centric activities in substations such as regular equipment maintenance. The proposed solution utilizes AR visualization techniques together with standards-based communication protocols used in substations. The developed proof-of-concept AR application that enables displaying SCADA data on the corresponding substation equipment with the help of AR markers demonstrates originality and benefits of the proposed visualization method. Additionally, the application enables displaying widgets and 3D models of substation equipment to make the visualization more user-friendly and intuitive. The visualized SCADA data needs to be refreshed considering soft real-time data delivery restrictions. Therefore, the proposed solution is thoroughly tested to demonstrate the applicability of proposed methodology in real substations.

Data Acquisition of Solar Power Plant Using Scada System

In this paper we have developed a SCADA system for monitoring & accessing the performance of parameter such as voltage, current, humidity on real time basis. For this we have used the infrastructure of the existing industrial network, which is based on plc, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a field of constant development and research. This project investigates on creating an extremely low cost device which can be adapted to many different SCADA applications via some very basic programming, and plugging in the relevant peripherals. Much of the price in some expensive SCADA applications is a result of using specialized communication infrastructure. The application of infrastructure, in the proposed scheme the cost will come down. Additionally the generic nature of the device will be assured. A SCADA deals with the creation of an inexpensive, yet adaptable and easy to use SCADA device and infrastructure using the industrial network, in particular. The hardware components making up the device are relatively unsophisticated, yet the custom written software makes it re-programmable over the air, and able to provide a given SCADA application with the ability to send and receive control and data signals at any non predetermined time. From the SCADA system which is proposed in setup the battery voltage of 12v could be sufficiently recorded from remote location. The properly designed SCADA system saves time and money by eliminating the need of service personal to visit each site for inspection, data collection /logging or make adjustments. Main concept of our paper is data acquisition & controlling by using SCADA software and PLC. Here PLC is a medium between electrical system & Personal Computer for SCADA to take input and output bits. . Automating electrical distributions systems by implementing a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is the one of the most cost-effective solutions for improving reliability, increasing utilization, increasing efficiency and saving costs. Nowadays consumer requires more reliable & efficient power supply. So we can use automation systems as per the consumer

Towards Mixed Reality in SCADA Applications

The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities of Mixed Reality (MR) as a complementary tool to Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and to demonstrate the potential benefits on an experimental set-up. The set-up represents an automated logistic process that is highly integrated in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) structure. MR is realized through the collaboration between a vision application and a SCADA system and both the opportunities of Augmented Reality (AR) and Augmented Virtuality (AV) are being explored. This results in a monitor based AR supervisory tool on the shop floor and enhanced SCADA functionalities through AV.

SCADA Platform for Regulated Deficit Irrigation Management of Almond Trees

AbstractRecently, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have become widely used in agricultural applications, particularly in conjunction with irrigation management systems that require calculated applications of water. The objective of this study is to present a new SCADA platform for the regulated deficit irrigation management of almond trees. This new platform implements a wireless architecture that ensures error-free communication among the irrigation system components with no need to maintain cables. The implemented SCADA application performs the following irrigation-related tasks: (1) based on the edaphoclimatic data from the parcel to be treated, an estimation of the crop water requirements, including the values required for drip irrigation scheduling, is computed; and (2) using the calculations from the previous step, the different components of the irrigation system, such as the electrovalves, pump system, variable frequency drive, and pressure alarms are placed under either au...

Performance Comparison of BPL, EtherLoop and SHDSL technology performance on existing pilot cable circuits under the presence of induced voltage

Pilot cable is originally used for utility protection. Then, pilot cable is further utilized for SCADA communication with low frequency PSK modem in the early 1990. However, the quality of pilot cable communication drops recently. Pilot cable starts to deteriorate due to aging and other unknown factors. It is also believed that the presence of induced voltage causes interference to existing modem communication which operates at low frequency channel. Therefore, BPL (Broadband Power Line), EtherLoop and SHDSL (Symmetrical High-speed Digital Subscriber Line) modem technology are proposed as alternative communication solutions for pilot cable communication. The performance of the 3 selected technologies on existing pilot cable circuits under the presence of induced voltage are measured and compared. Total of 11 pilot circuits with different length and level of induced voltage influence are selected for modem testing. The performance of BPL, EtherLoop and SHDSL modem technology are measured by the delay, bandwidth, packet loss and the long term usability SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) application. The testing results are presented and discussed in this paper. The results show that the 3 selected technologies are dependent on distance and independent on the level of induced voltage.

Intelligent Security System for HMI in SCADA Applications

 Abstract—Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are vital components of most nations' critical infrastructures. They control pipelines, water and transportation systems, utilities, refineries, chemical plants, and a wide variety of manufacturing operations. SCADA provides managing the real-time data on production operations, implements more efficient control paradigms, improves plant and personnel safety, and reduces costs of operation. These benefits are made possible by the use of standard hardware and software in SCADA systems combined with improved communication protocols and increased connectivity to outside networks, including the Internet. However, these benefits are acquired at the price of increased vulnerability to attacks or erroneous actions from a variety of external and internal sources. This paper focuses on suggesting a user security on the basis of roles assigned to multi users with the help of password and biometrics with iris recognition security. Recommending a role based hierarchy to allow users access system according to their capabilities in the particular application.

SCADA platform combined with a scale model of trickle irrigation system for agricultural engineering education

AbstractDuring the last three decades, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are being widely used in agricultural applications and specifically in irrigation management systems, where an intelligent use of the water is required. Taking this objective into account, an educational platform for the design of SCADA applications for irrigation programming combined with a scale model of a trickle irrigation system is described in this article. This platform facilitates the students of Agricultural Engineering to design and simulate different irrigation systems, providing an efficient and low cost tool. Moreover, as the SCADA applications are developed with the LabVIEW graphical programming language, complex mathematical models for irrigation, data sampling, and on‐line programming by Internet are supported. The use of a data acquisition card for collecting data from transducers and for the activation of the actuators makes it possible to apply the implemented platform both to a real irrigation system and to the developed scale model, supplying the students with a more practical application of the learned concepts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:463–473, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20571

Application of Stirling-Cycle Generators in Production Operations

Summary Clean, inexpensive, and reliable on-site electric power generation for remote wellsites is an emerging need. There is a growing demand for electric power sources in the range of ½ to 1.5 kW to run pumping units and pumps on liquid loaded gas wells. To understand one possible option, a pilot project consisting of three 0.8-kW Stirling cycle electric generators was conducted in Wyoming. One generator was installed driving a conventional beam pump at the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC). Two generators were installed for telemetry power service on well pads in the Wamsutter gas field. In addition to these two applications, small gas-fired generators could provide power for cathodic protection, chemical dosing systems, and other low-rate pumping requirements. The pilot demonstrated that a Stirling cycle generator can pump a small well and provide supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) power even in cold weather conditions. A simple fuel-control and conditioning system provided reliable operation when properly installed. Operations and maintenance observations from the 1-year pilot are presented. Stirling cycle engines are external combustion engines which offer some advantages over traditional internal combustion engines: lower maintenance cost, low NOx emissions, and the recovery of heat for process uses. In fact, the current commercial equipment is best thought of as a ¾-kW cogeneration unit. Introduction The combination of higher oil and gas prices over the past decade coupled with increasing concern over greenhouse gas emissions has increased the incentive for well operators to use electric-driven production equipment located at the wellsite. In many cases, wells are located far from the traditional electric utility and a remote power source is required. At this time, there are few options to provide the electric power in the ½- to 1.5-kW range at remote wellsites. Services that can be improved using electric power at wellsites include beam pumping, chemical injection, cathodic protection, and SCADA. In addition, there are potential future services such as gas well deliquification (Dotson et al. 2006) or tank vapor recovery which could be enabled by electric power. To investigate the potential of a small, low maintenance gas-fired electric generator, three Stirling cycle electric generators were installed in Wyoming. This paper will outline the alternatives available for low power generation at wellsites. This paper will also show how a gas-fired generator fits into the mix, and why a Stirling cycle generator was selected for testing. The Stirling cycle will be briefly described, followed by the design for power storage and fuel gas supply for the Wyoming installations. The results from both SCADA and well-pumping applications will be provided, along with the overall conclusions from the test.

Remotely Operated Smart-Well Completions

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 112226, "Intelligent Wells to Intelligent Fields: Remotely Operated Smart-Well Completions in Haradh-III," by Ibrahim H. Al-Arnaout, SPE, Saad M. Al-Driweesh, SPE, and Rashad M. Al-Zahrani, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and Zuhed Abdul Rahman, SPE, and Suresh Jacob, SPE, WellDynamics, prepared for the 2008 SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 25–27 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Multilateral wells with smart-well completions and permanent monitoring systems were integrated with an advanced supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) system that enables real-time remote monitoring and control of downhole and surface equipment from the control room. The design and installation of the automated system was a multidisciplinary project integrating subject experts and tools from well completions, production engineering, facilities, instrumentation, and communications. The system enables an operator in the control room to operate the downhole valves in all the multilateral smart wells remotely through the SCADA system. Introduction The Haradh-III field is in the southernmost part of the Ghawar complex, approximately 100 km west-southwest of Dharan, Saudi Arabia, and has been developed with 32 maximum-reservoir-contact (MRC) multilateral wells, with intelligent completions installed in 28 wells. This arrangement reduces the required well count and achieves higher productivity from each well. Studies showed that developing the Haradh-III field with MRC wells and smart-completion technology would delay water encroachment, improve flood-front conformance and recovery, and reduce water production and operating costs. The concept of intelligent fields was incorporated into the field design to enable continuous monitoring of key reservoir-performance parameters and real-time data transmission from downhole to the engineers' desktops. The surface infrastructure was designed with the communication and power facilities required to connect all the wells to the field SCADA system. The field communication infrastructure was designed as an open architecture to integrate the intelligent-well controls as an independent subsystem of the field-control system. System Overview The Haradh-III-field communications network is a scattered/distributed layout linking all wellsites to the gas/oil separation plant (GOSP). The field-control-sys-tem architecture uses a remote-terminal unit (RTU) at the wellsite connected to a central SCADA application in the GOSP by means of a fiber-optic communications network. In addition to intelligent-completion technology, each well in the field is provided with downhole point-pressure and -temperature sensors and a surface multiphase-flow meter. The field SCADA application acts as a single interface point for all field control. Data hand-off to the field historian occurs at the GOSP. The application also is the integration point for intelligent-completion systems. Fig. 1 shows the field communications network linking the wellsites to the control-room terminal.

Detroit's Remarkable New SCADA System

Detroit's Remarkable New SCADA SystemThe City of Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD), the third largest water and sewer utility in the United States, has just completed a new SCADA system of unmatched size in the wastewater and water industry. DWSD's new Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system replaced the old control systems in the Systems Control Center (SCC), which controls all water distribution and...Author(s)P.J. DadaThomas J. DeLauraSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 39: SCADA, SCADA Applications, and SCADA Integration IDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2008ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20080101)2008:14L.2896;1-DOI10.2175/193864708788734728Volume / Issue2008 / 14Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)2896 - 2899Copyright2008Word count149

New technological developments and selection criteria of industrial scada applications

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a system that allows an operator to monitor and control processes that are distributed among various remote sites. SCADA systems are widely used in industry for supervisory control and data acquisition of industrial processes. SCADA systems allow remote sites to communicate with a control facility and provide the necessary data to control processes. For many of its uses, SCADA provides an economic advantage. As distance to remote sites increase and difficulty to access increases, SCADA becomes a better alternative to an operator or repairman’s visiting the site for adjustments and inspections. Distance and remoteness are two major factors for implementing SCADA systems. In this paper, it is proposed selection criteria for industrial SCADA applications by using new technological solutions.

Integrating Production Process Through Automation, Rockyford Pilot Experience

Abstract To stay competitive, PanCanadian invested substantially in SCADA technology in natural gas production. To extend the technology in crude oil production, a full scale pilot project was implemented at the Rockyford and Cavalier property. The SCADA system was PC-based and relatively low cost compared with older systems. The objective of the pilot project was to evaluate the technical and business merits of the oil SCADA system. Implementation of new technology, however, will have an impact on the organization and its people. Commitment of an organization and buy-in of its employees in its application is essential to its success. To fully utilize the potential of automation through SCADA application, a corporate operating vision should be formulated. The vision should identify the goals of automation. It should include a corporate operating philosophy and an automation strategy. The automation should clearly meet all operations needs. The real time data generated by the system should also provide opportunity for other users essential to the success of the business. In addition, the system requirements such as hardware and software standards, communications and storage standards, service and technical support, should be developed to ensure meeting the needs of future corporate requirements. This paper describeds the pilot project, its implementation process, and the technical and organizational considerations required to achieve an integrated SCADA system. Introduction In the past few years, the Canadian oil and gas industry has gone through a lot of changes. With dwindling reserves and high costs of exploration, development and production, new or improved technology has become ever more essential to improve the netback to the industry. PanCanadian is open to innovative technology and has tested various innovations and technology to seek new solutions to old problems. The Gas Production Inquiry and Report System (GPIRS) was the first PanCanadian Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) initiative to automate gas production. The project included automation of hundreds of deep gas wells, shallow gas group meters, gas compressor stations and gas plants throughout Alberta. Experience gained from the gas automation project was then extended to oil automation. Oil automation is more complex than gas. It has more fluids to handle and generally requires more operators' attention. The objectives of the Rockyford oil automation pilot project were to install a SCADA system in an oilfield and evaluate the technical and business merits of the system. The key goal was to provide an integrated system where real time data could be readily accessible for use by all stakeholders, thereby improving the operation's profitability. Along with GPIRS, the oil pilot project provided PanCanadian an opportunity to evaluate state of the art technology in SCADA applications and electronic flow measuring devices. It also facilitated the development of a corporate automation vision and plan, and provided guidelines for future automation projects. It also established an operating philosophy and strategy for operations in an automated environment.

Servers in SCADA applications

Data acquisition and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have evolved from mainframe-based systems to multilevel tiered systems to flat client-server architecture. This paper examines the necessity for this evolution and the technology that spurred it on. A rod mill is discussed as a case study.

Microcomputer-based multi-tasking on a SCADA system using interrupts in MS-DOS

This paper describes a multi-tasking operation using interrupts in MS-DOS for PC-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. The structure of a generalized interface circuitry is formulated to serve as a standard interface for SCADA application programs to be independent from the types of hardware interface. Communication between processes is implemented through a set of common memory areas declared in one process. A prototype SCADA system employing five different types of hardware interface has been implemented through one main process for SCADA applications, a clock-based interrupted process to handle the scanning and the transformation of different types of hardware interface, and a serial port interrupted process for the communication to the RTUs and another PC.