Supervision Mechanism Research Articles

Bank-firm common ownership, green credit and enterprise green technology innovation: Evidence from Chinese credit markets

Bank-firm common ownership can tackle the innovation dilemma of bank loans on firms' green development. This paper constructs indicators of common ownership and green technological innovation and then investigates the impact of bank-firm common ownership on corporates' green technological innovation using Chinese A-share listed enterprises samples from 2004 to 2021. Our conducted experiments reveal that bank-firm common ownership shareholders not only make banks and lending firms have the same goal, promote the total level, quantity, and quality of technological innovation for the green development of lending firms, and profit from the firms' short- and long-term market responses. Our findings are prominent in private enterprises, small-capitalization enterprises, and bull market cycles. In addition, we discover that shareholder reduction restrictions and policies restricting corporate shareholding in financial institutions enhance bank-firm common ownership shareholders on corporate green technological innovation development. Common ownership shareholders reduce information asymmetry between banks and lending enterprises and provide green loans to support enterprise green technology innovations. Furthermore, alleviating financing constraints and strengthening the supervisory role are important influence mechanisms. In this regard, carried PSE analysis indicates the direct effect of bank-firm common ownership shareholders to promote enterprise green development of technological innovation accounts for about 14 % of the total effect, the intermediary effect of “financing mechanism” and “supervision mechanism” account for about 82 % and 4 %, and the “financing mechanism” is more important than the “supervision mechanism.” The findings of this paper can optimize the credit market to serve the green and high-quality development of Chinese enterprises better.

Diversified promotion: A practical analysis of Macao’s continuing education development and improvement program

Macao’s Continuing Education Development and Improvement Program aims to create lifelong learning conditions for Macao residents who have reached the age of 15 and encourage them to pursue continuing education or obtain certification to improve their personal qualities. This paper analyzes the entire implementation process of the Continuing Education Development and Improvement Program in Macao, using the traditional means of policy analysis from three perspectives. For the government, successful implementation ensures the quality of continuing education and promotes the building of a learning society in Macao. For educational institutions, this program provides residents with multiple learning pathways to meet diversified needs. For residents, it alleviates the cost pressure caused by education and promotes individual development in various aspects. However, there are still some problems in the subsequent implementation process that need to be improved, such as unclear positioning, inadequate administrative supervision mechanisms, and a weak guarantee of curriculum quality.

Dilemmas and Governance Strategies in the Implementation of the Modern Apprenticeship System in Chinese Vocational Colleges: A Perspective from Principal-Agent Theory

As China's industrial economy transitions towards high-quality development, the demand for highly skilled technical personnel has surged. The modern apprenticeship system, an important mechanism for deepening collaboration between educational institutions and enterprises, has been widely promoted within vocational colleges. However, nearly a decade into its implementation, this system faces challenges such as insufficient engagement from enterprises, loose relationships between schools and businesses, and a lack of assessment and feedback mechanisms. These issues have led to suboptimal outcomes in talent development. This paper innovatively applies principal-agent theory to expose conflicts in value demands, adverse selection, and moral hazards within the multifaceted principal-agent relationships among vocational colleges, enterprises, and the government. It proposes governance strategies that involve multi-stakeholder participation in policy-making, the establishment of qualification entry systems for cooperative enterprises, and the improvement of supervision and incentive mechanisms. These strategies aim to resolve conflicts and enhance cooperation efficiency, thereby providing robust support for the effective implementation of the modern apprenticeship system in vocational colleges.

Pavement crack detection based on depth-supervision FRRN model

Timely detection of early pavement distress is crucial for effective pavement maintenance. A promising approach involves the segmenting the road surface cracks area from its images. However, the previously employed full-resolution residual network (FRRN), when employing a large number of full-resolution residual units (FRRUs), is susceptible to challenges such as exploding and vanishing gradients. Addressing these issues, this paper has introduced a depth supervision mechanism into FRRN, leading to the development of the Depth Supervision FRRN (DSFRRN) model, designed specifically for accurate segmentation of cracks in road images. This model enhances nonlinear expressiveness while retaining essential features, achieving high precision in pavement crack segmentation. Through experimental validation using a dataset comprising 1565 images of damaged pavements, the result demonstrate that DSFRRN outperforms the original FRRN in terms of both F1 score and Jaccard index, accurately delineating cracks. Consequently, the automated pavement damage detection method presented herein facilitates cost-effective and efficient pavement inspection, contributing to the safeguarding of roadway surfaces and transportation infrastructure.

The Interaction Effects of Board Independence and Digital Transformation on Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance: Complementary or Substitutive?

Both board independence (BI) and digital transformation (DT) play important roles in promoting Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. However, few studies have focused on their interaction effects on ESG performance (ESGP). The study selected Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2023 as the research sample and used a moderating effect model to test the complementary or substitutive relationship between the two. The empirical results show that there is a substitutive effect, rather than a complementary one. Further analysis of the individual ESG pillars revealed that the substitutive effect of BI and DT is primarily reflected in corporate governance. Moreover, this substitutive effect is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and non-manufacturing enterprises, and digital supervision mechanisms may have a stronger substitutive role than traditional independent director oversight mechanisms. These findings uncover the complex relationship between the two governance mechanisms and corporate ESGP, offering important insights for managers; companies need to strike a balance between “human governance” and “digital governance” to maximize ESGP.

The Impact of Live-Streamed Selling on Consumer Purchasing Behavior

In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet and major e-commerce platforms, "live-streamed selling" as a novel marketing method has entered the vision of consumers and gradually become an important way to market goods to consumers. In addition, economic development has enriched people's material life and increased the frequency of people using the Internet, which further increases the possibility of live streaming to attract consumers and increase purchasing behavior. This paper aims to discuss the impact of live-streamed selling on consumer behavior, mainly focusing on the impact of commodity characteristics, anchor characteristics, atmosphere and after-sales service on consumer behavior in the process of live delivery. In addition, this paper also discusses the impact and distress of live delivery on consumer behavior and puts forward some countermeasures. However, live-streamed selling faces challenges like information asymmetry, false propaganda, and counterfeiting due to inadequate supervision. The study suggests strict product quality checks, enhanced after-sales services, and improved supervision mechanisms to ensure reliable, authentic, and safe sales practices.

MDFF-Net: Multi-level Dynamic Feature Fusion Network Combined with Deep Supervision Mechanism for Low-Light Image Enhancement

MDFF-Net: Multi-level Dynamic Feature Fusion Network Combined with Deep Supervision Mechanism for Low-Light Image Enhancement

The impact of organizational commitment on rural teachers’ retention: a moderated mediation study

The study aims to reveal the mechanisms by which organizational commitment influences the retention of rural teachers and how environmental fit and condition support modulate this relationship. It specifically examined the mediating role of environmental fit and the moderating role of supportive conditions in their relationship. A survey was conducted among 4,746 rural teachers across ten regions in Heilongjiang Province. The findings indicate: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between organizational commitment and the willingness of rural teachers to stay; (2) Environmental fit acts as a mediator in the relationship between organizational commitment and the retention intention of rural teachers; (3) Supportive conditions not only moderate the direct prediction of organizational commitment on the retention of rural teachers but also the predictive effect of organizational commitment on environmental fit. Therefore, to more effectively retain rural teachers, the following effective measures can be taken: optimize the rural educational environment to enhance teachers’ organizational commitment; refine recruitment and training systems to improve the fit of rural teachers with the rural environment; establish a monitoring system for the retention of rural teachers to enhance local educational supervision and accountability mechanisms.

The Role of Hospital By Laws in Providing Legal Protection Against Alleged Medical Malpractice at the Padang Panjang City Regional General Hospital

Hospital By Laws (HBL) is an internal hospital rule designed to provide legal protection to both patients and medical personnel. In the context of Padang Panjang Hospital, HBL should function as a reference in resolving medical disputes and maintaining the quality of health services. Based on the analysis of the situation, HBL has not functioned optimally, especially in dealing with cases of alleged medical malpractice. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of HBL in providing legal protection against alleged medical malpractice at Padang Panjang Hospital, as well as to find obstacles faced in its implementation. The method used is a sociological juridical approach with primary data obtained through interviews with related parties in the hospital, and secondary data from related legal literature. The results of the study show that many cases of alleged malpractice are resolved informally through mediation, without using strict legal procedures based on HBL. Several cases such as misalignment of surgery, incorrect installation of infusions in infants, and negligence in the installation of Nasogastric Tube (NGT) are examples of the weak implementation of HBL at Padang Panjang Hospital. The main obstacle found in the implementation of HBL is the lack of understanding and awareness from hospitals of the importance of HBL as a legal instrument. Dispute resolution is more often carried out through a family approach without involving the formal rules regulated in the HBL. This shows that there is a gap between existing regulations and practices carried out in the field. The supervision mechanism for the implementation of HBL in hospitals has also not run well, so this rule is not functioning as it should. This study suggests the need to strengthen the implementation of HBL at Padang Panjang Hospital through more intensive socialization to all medical personnel and hospital management as well as training on professional ethics and medical service standards. Supervision is needed to ensure that these rules are properly implemented in resolving medical disputes. Padang Panjang Hospital is expected to improve the quality of its services while providing better legal protection for patients.

Design of Intelligent Control Under Machine Learning Supervision and Signal Compression Mechanism Design for NCSs Under DoS Attacks

Design of Intelligent Control Under Machine Learning Supervision and Signal Compression Mechanism Design for NCSs Under DoS Attacks

Unsupervised Structure-Adaptive Graph Contrastive Learning.

Graph contrastive learning, which to date has always been guided by node features and fixed-intrinsic structures, has become a prominent technique for unsupervised graph representation learning through contrasting positive-negative counterparts. However, the fixed-intrinsic structure cannot represent the potential relationships beneficial for models, leading to suboptimal results. To this end, we propose a structure-adaptive graph contrastive learning framework to capture potential discriminative relationships. More specifically, a structure learning layer is first proposed for generating the adaptive structure with contrastive loss. Next, a denoising supervision mechanism is designed to perform supervised learning on the structure to promote structure learning, which introduces the pseudostructure through the clustering results and denoises the pseudostructure to provide more reliable supervised information. In this way, under the dual constraints of denoising supervision and contrastive learning, the optimal adaptive structure can be obtained to promote graph representation learning. Extensive experiments on several graph datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on various tasks.

Evolutionary game and simulation study of public transport under government incentive and punishment mechanism.

Public transport plays an indispensable role in the whole public transport system. This paper makes an in-depth study on how public transport can provide passengers with higher service quality while meeting the needs of passengers. In order to achieve this research goal, this paper organically incorporates the three key subjects of government supervision, public transport and passengers into the research framework. Evolutionary game theory is used to construct the corresponding research model. It has been found that the decision-making behaviours of government regulators, public transport and passengers are intricately intertwined to influence each other in the evolutionary process. It is particularly noteworthy that the incentive or punishment measures adopted by the government have a great impact on the quality of public transport services. In addition, timely supervision and inspection of government regulatory authorities by higher authorities proved to be crucial for buses to provide stable and high-quality services. This study reveals the mechanisms of interaction between different subjects in the public transport system, particularly the government-guided incentive measures and supervision mechanism to promote the overall service level. To further support the research conclusions, this paper carries on the simulation analysis, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the bus to provide high-quality service according to the simulation results. These recommendations will help guide the government, public transport and passengers to make better decisions in the synergistic development process, thereby improving the overall level of service.

The Opportunities and Challenges of ChatGPT for Ideological and Political Education of College Students

In the 21st century, humanity ushered in a wave of artificial intelligence. In the context of big data, generative artificial intelligence has become an important auxiliary tool in the field of education. ChatGPT has gradually entered the learning life of students and reflected its value in ideological and political education in particular. Through a questionnaire survey, this article takes college students as the research object and aims to grasp their evaluations of using ChatGPT and their views on its application in the field of ideological and political education. Research has found that ChatGPT has advantages in optimizing ideological and political evaluation and management systems, helping students understand political theories, enriching teaching models, and meeting the personalized needs of students. The integration of ChatGPT into the class can not only improve teaching quality but also enhance student's learning efficiency and interest. However, the arrival of ChatGPT has also raised a series of ethical risks, such as spreading incorrect information, personal information leakage, academic misconduct, shallow thinking among students, and alienation of teacher-student relationships. In response to these problems brought about by ChatGPT, this article also proposes corresponding risk governance policies. It is necessary to establish a legal supervision mechanism, improve the level of software research and development, enhance the information literacy of teachers and students, and strengthen academic standardization awareness.

A novel GAN-based three-axis mutually supervised super-resolution reconstruction method for rectal cancer MR image

Background and objectiveThis study aims to enhance the resolution in the axial direction of rectal cancer magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scans to improve the accuracy of visual interpretation and quantitative analysis. MR imaging is a critical technique for the diagnosis and treatment planning of rectal cancer. However, obtaining high-resolution MR images is both time-consuming and costly. As a result, many hospitals store only a limited number of slices, often leading to low-resolution MR images, particularly in the axial plane. Given the importance of image resolution in accurate assessment, these low-resolution images frequently lack the necessary detail, posing substantial challenges for both human experts and computer-aided diagnostic systems. Image super-resolution (SR), a technique developed to enhance image resolution, was originally applied to natural images. Its success has since led to its application in various other tasks, especially in the reconstruction of low-resolution MR images. However, most existing SR methods fail to account for all anatomical planes during reconstruction, leading to unsatisfactory results when applied to rectal cancer MR images. MethodsIn this paper, we propose a GAN-based three-axis mutually supervised super-resolution reconstruction method tailored for low-resolution rectal cancer MR images. Our approach involves performing one-dimensional (1D) intra-slice SR reconstruction along the axial direction for both the sagittal and coronal planes, coupled with inter-slice SR reconstruction based on slice synthesis in the axial direction. To further enhance the accuracy of super-resolution reconstruction, we introduce a consistency supervision mechanism across the reconstruction results of different axes, promoting mutual learning between each axis. A key innovation of our method is the introduction of Depth-GAN for synthesize intermediate slices in the axial plane, incorporating depth information and leveraging Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for this purpose. Additionally, we enhance the accuracy of intermediate slice synthesis by employing a combination of supervised and unsupervised interactive learning techniques throughout the process. ResultsWe conducted extensive ablation studies and comparative analyses with existing methods to validate the effectiveness of our approach. On the test set from Shanxi Cancer Hospital, our method achieved a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 34.62 and a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 96.34 %. These promising results demonstrate the superiority of our method.

Integration of IPC/WASH critical conditions into quality of care and quality improvement tools and processes: Bangladesh case study

Unsafe patient care in hospitals, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is often caused by poor infection prevention and control (IPC) practices; insufficient support for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and inadequate waste management. We looked at the intersection of IPC, WASH, and the global initiative of improving health care quality, specifically around maternal and newborn care in Bangladesh health facilities. We identified 8 primary quality improvement and IPC/WASH policy and guideline documents in Bangladesh and analyzed their incorporation of 30 subconditions under 5 critical conditions: water; sanitation; hygiene; waste management/cleaning; and IPC supplies, guidelines, training, surveillance, and monitoring. To determine how Bangladesh health care workers implemented the policies, we interviewed 33 informants from 16 public and private facilities and the national level. Bangladesh’s 8 primary guidance documents covered 55% of the 30 subconditions. Interviews showed that Bangladesh health facility staff generally rely on eight tools related to quality improvement (five); IPC (two); and supportive supervision (one) plus a robust supervision mechanism. The stakeholders identified a lack of human resources and environmental hygiene infrastructure and supplies as the main gaps in providing IPC/WASH services. We concluded that the Bangladesh government had produced substantial guidance on using quality improvement methods to improve health services. Our recommendations can help identify strategies to better integrate IPC/WASH in resources including standardizing guidelines and tools within one toolkit. Strategizing with stakeholders working on initiatives such as universal health coverage and patient safety to integrate IPC/WASH into quality improvement documents is a mutually reinforcing approach.

The Supervision Mechanism of Medical Devices in Taiwan and EU

The Supervision Mechanism of Medical Devices in Taiwan and EU

Improvement of the Carrier Delivery Rules in China's Maritime Law from an International Perspective

This paper examines the impact of carrier delivery rules on China's Maritime Law in the context of international maritime cargo transportation. It identifies significant issues such as the imbalance of interests between carriers and consignees, the challenges in carrier identification, and the inconsistencies in the duration of carrier responsibilities. Drawing on international conventions such as the Hague Rules, Hamburg Rules, and Rotterdam Rules, this study provides comprehensive recommendations for refining China's Maritime Law. Key proposals include improving the legal definitions and criteria for carrier identification, harmonizing liability periods for container and non-container cargo, and strengthening the fulfillment of carrier obligations through robust inspection and supervision mechanisms. These improvements aim to align China's Maritime Law with international standards, enhance the efficiency and reliability of maritime transport, and support the sustainable growth of China's maritime industry. The findings underscore the necessity for ongoing legal reforms to maintain China's competitive edge in global maritime trade.

Incentive and Supervision Mechanism for Operation and Maintenance of Mega Railway Infrastructure Based on Principal-Agent Theory

This study incorporates fairness preference theory into the principal-agent model to address the challenges arising from information asymmetry between the government and railway infrastructure operation and maintenance (O&M) companies. It develops an incentive and supervision model for the management of mega railway infrastructure operations and maintenance, considering two perspectives: full rationality and fairness preference. The models are compared and analyzed, exploring the costs of government supervision and the changes in expected benefits when equity preference is taken into account. The conclusions are supported by numerical examples and visual analysis, illustrating the impact of different variable parameters on the behavioral strategies of the government and O&M companies. The findings demonstrate that a well-designed incentive and supervision mechanism can effectively regulate the behavior of railway infrastructure O&M companies. The effort level of O&M companies is positively correlated with the intensity of government incentives and supervision. Moreover, from the perspective of fairness preference, transferring some financial benefits from the government to O&M companies not only increases their extra effort but also reduces government’s supervision costs, while the government’s expected utility gain depends on the strength of “reciprocity” exhibited by O&M companies.

Study on the Theme Evolution and Synergy Assessment of China’s New Energy Vehicle Policy Texts

Drawing on data from 133 Chinese New Energy Vehicle (NEV) policy documents from 2007 to 2023, this study utilizes Dynamic Topic Modelling (DTM), social network analysis and a quantitative model to investigate the evolutionary path of policy themes and the coordination effects. The following results were obtained. (1) A thematic cross-sectional analysis identified six core policy themes, namely, coordinated promotion of technology and finance, industry development and safety standardisation, market service and technical support systems, promotion strategy and urban cluster development, industrial capital and safety supervision mechanisms, and policy support and market expansion. The analysis also mapped the distribution of hot spots within these themes. (2) The keyword co-occurrence network of the NEV policy indicated that the network structure evolved from an initial ‘overall dispersion–theme concentration’, comprising 16 policy themes, to an ‘overall stability–theme coordination’, consisting of 14 policy themes. (3) The coordination degrees across the three types of policies exhibited a consistent upward spiral, with the comprehensive coordination index surging from 30 in 2007 to 951 in 2023, underscoring the complementary effects among policy instruments. These conclusions offer valuable insights for government departments to understand NEV development trends and dynamically adjust policy themes accordingly.

Formation of state policy in the field of public administration and effective control over officials and civil servants who conceal administrative offenses

It is indicated that a significant number of scientific works are devoted to the issue of defining the term, as well as the powers and characteristics of official and official persons. However, research in the field of public policy formation in the field of public administration and effective control over officials and civil servants who conceal administrative offenses is relevant and important for ensuring democracy, the rule of law, and citizens’ trust in government structures. Despite existing regulations and mechanisms that regulate the powers and responsibilities of officials, the problem of hiding administrative offenses remains a serious challenge. According to the principle of the rule of law, the state is obligated to ensure equality before the law and accountability for violations. In the modern world, issues of public administration and control over the activities of officials and civil servants are crucial for upholding the rule of law and fostering trust in governmental structures. The problem of concealing administrative offenses by officials has become pressing due to the expansion of their powers and responsibilities to society. This article undertakes a deep analysis of the legal definitions and legislative precision in defining the terms of officeholders and civil servants, their granted powers, and explores cases of concealing administrative offenses. Various aspects are examined in the article, specifically the delineation of powers vested in officials (civil servants) and the accountability of officials for their actions. The authors emphasize the necessity of establishing effective mechanisms for oversight and supervision to prevent impunity within governmental structures and ensure fair application of the law. All facets explored in the article aim to promote the development of legal culture, strengthen trust in governmental bodies, and ensure transparency and legality in society. The authors provide a detailed examination of the harm caused to the state and society by officials and civil servants through their actions of concealing administrative violations.