Accessory Breast Research Articles

Accessory Axillary Breast Management: Is Primary Skin Excision Necessary?

AbstractAxillary breasts are a common entity with a reported incidence of 2 to 6% in women and 1 to 3% in men. They are more common amongst Asians than Caucasians, namely amongst South East Asians and Indians, with the highest incidence amongst Japanese. While modalities like CoolScupting™, Kybella™ injections, and BodyTite™ have been used by surgeons for management of axillary breasts, the most effective treatment for this condition remains surgical management involving a combination of liposuction of the axillary breast with excision of the gland and skin. In the author's experience, primary skin excision always leaves a long visible scar that widens over time, at times leading to contractures and restricted axillary movements even when closure looks tension free on the table. Any skin excess is best dealt with secondarily. The author uses a modified protocol without any primary skin excision in axillary breast management to achieve excellent results with minimal scars.

Accessory breast tissue-A matter for exigence!

The accessory breast tissue is found in 6%. It is seen commonly in the axilla. It is asymptomatic or causes pain, restricts arm movement, causes cosmetic problems, or causes anxiety. We evaluated symptoms, signs, investigations, treatment, and postoperative complications of women with accessory breast tissue. Our cross-sectional study was conducted in the Surgery OPD, Nagpur, on 52 women who presented with accessory breast tissue in the period from January 2019 to October 2023. In this study, of 52 patients, the majority, that is, 38 (73.07%) patients, presented with uneasiness due to the position of mass followed by 25 (48.07%) with swelling in the axilla. Twelve (23.07%) patients presented with pain in mass in premenstrual and menstrual periods, and seven (13.46%) patients with accessory nipples. Fifty (96.15%) patients had axillary swelling. One (1.92%) patient each had swelling in groin and thigh. Thirty-six (69.2%) patients had sonography findings consistent with breast-like tissue. In nine (17.30%) patients, findings suggested lipoma. Surgical excision was conducted in 52 (100%) patients. In 43 (82.69%) patients, histopathology was consistent with simple breast tissue. In six (11.53%) patients, it was fibroadenoma, and in three (6.76%) patients, histopathology was suggestive of carcinoma. Twenty-eight (53.84%) patients had no complications. Thirteen (25%) patients had an allergy to sticking, six (11.53%) patients had uneven scar, and four (7.69%) patients had hypertrophy of scar. In our study, in the majority of patients, the site of accessory breast tissue was axilla. It caused uneasiness. Surgical excision was conducted in all patients. Postoperative complications were the least.

P007 Secretory carcinoma arising from axillary accessory breast: a rare presentation

P007 Secretory carcinoma arising from axillary accessory breast: a rare presentation

Nipple adenoma, a rare benign tumor in accessory breasts: A case report

Nipple adenoma, a rare benign tumor in accessory breasts: A case report

Accessory Breast Cancer in the Right Axilla with Dermoscopic Images.

Accessory Breast Cancer in the Right Axilla with Dermoscopic Images.

Axillary Supernumerary Breast, an Atypical Location for Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, A Case Report

Axillary Supernumerary Breast, an Atypical Location for Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, A Case Report

Breast Imaging of Axillary Supernumerary Breast: About a Clinical Case

Axillary breast is a subject that is poorly studied in the medical literature. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman who consulted for a painful right axillary mass, increasing in volume during menstrual cycles. The clinical examination revealed a 3 cm diameter axillary swelling, mobile, soft, without inflammatory signs or discharge. The mammography showed a dense and homogeneous area in the right axillary region, corresponding to an ectopic mammary glandular parenchyma. The ultrasound confirmed the presence of an axillary fibroglandular component, without focal anomaly or adenopathy. The diagnosis of accessory axillary breast was retained. This case illustrates the interest of imaging for the diagnosis and assessment of the accessory axillary breast, a rare anomaly but potentially at risk of neoplastic degeneration.

Redefining the Axillary Aesthetic: Surgical Management of Axillary Tissue Hypertrophy.

Background and Objectives: Axillary tissue hypertrophy consists of ectopic breast tissue and occurs in up to six percent of women. Women complain of pain, interference with activity, and dissatisfaction with appearance. While it is recommended that accessory breast tissue be removed via surgical excision, there is lack of consensus on the best technique for the surgical management of axillary tissue hypertrophy. In this study, the senior authors (BC and NT) review outcomes and complications as they pertain to the surgical treatment of axillary tissue hypertrophy and axillary contouring. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients (n = 35), from two separate institutions, who presented with axillary tissue hypertrophy between December 2019 and August 2021 was conducted. All patients underwent a technique that included direct crescentic dermato-lipectomy and glandular excision with axillary crease obliteration. Tissue was sent for histological analysis after removal. During a six-month follow-up period, all patient outcomes were recorded. Results: The authors treated 35 women with axillary tissue hypertrophy. All patients complained of aesthetic deformity with significant discomfort leading to the desire for surgery. Histologically, all specimens contained benign breast and adipose tissue. Hypertrophic scarring, seroma, and axillary cording were noted complications. Conclusions: Detailed is the surgical management and optimal technique that can be used to treat both adipose and fibroglandular axillary tissue hypertrophy while simultaneously providing a favorable axillary aesthetic.

Breast Cancer in a Supernumerary Breast at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital: About a Case

Breast Cancer in a Supernumerary Breast at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital: About a Case

Spectrum of Unusual Cytomorphology of Axillary Swellings: A Series of Four Cases

The axilla is a triangular area situated anatomically beneath the shoulder joint, between the upper arm and thorax. It contains lymph nodes and numerous non lymphatic tissues such as neurovascular structures, muscle, and fat. Axillary swellings can arise from any of these mesenchymal soft tissues. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the first-line investigative technique widely used in evaluating axillary swellings, as it is a simple outpatient procedure that causes minimal complications, unlike core biopsy, which is invasive and carries a high-risk of bleeding. Hereby, the authors present a case series of four unusual cases: bilateral accessory breast tissue (32-year-old female), bilateral galactocele (28-year-old female), unilateral galactocele (24-year-old female), and fibroadenoma (35-year-old female) in the axilla, all of which were cytomorphologically diagnosed with the aid of FNAC. Axillary lumps can present with a variety of unusual lesions and can pose a significant diagnostic challenge to a clinicians. Although histopathology of the biopsy of the lesion remains the gold standard, clinical features along with imaging can aid in the diagnosis with better patient compliance.

Benign phyllodes tumor arising from accessory breast tissue of the axilla: An inquisitive rarity

Abstract Accessory breast tissue is the superfluous tissue that persists from normal embryological development. The pathological involvement of this tissue is quite uncommon and can be diagnostically challenging. Phyllodes tumor is a rare mammary fibroepithelial lesion that has been seldom reported to originate from the accessory breast tissue. This article describes an extremely rare case of a benign phyllodes tumor arising from the accessory breast tissue of the left axilla in a 40-year-old female so as to create awareness about rare tumors occurring within rare anomalies.

SUPERNUMERARY BREAST ABOUT A CASE

Axillary supernumerary breasts are a cause of anxiety and consultation in women. Most often asymptomatic, they can be the site of cyclical changes associated with pain during puberty or pregnancy. Since their malignant transformation is a real possibility, it is essential to carry out a radiological and histological assessment. Surgical removal of these supernumerary breasts is reliable and recommended for all patients. We report a case of axillary supernumerary breast.

Accessory Breast Tissue Presenting as Postpartum Axillary Galactorrhea.

Accessory Breast Tissue Presenting as Postpartum Axillary Galactorrhea.

Unilateral supernumerary axillary breast secreting milk: A case report

Accessory breast tissue or ectopic breast tissue or supernumerary breast tissue is an aberration of normal breast development. It is known to be rare entity which occurs in 0.4 - 6% of women anywhere along the embyologic mammary streak or milk line but more common in axilla. Accessory breast cancer is a rare entity with incidence of around 0.2 - 0.6 %. Routine mammography can miss accessory breast tissue. It is generally bilateral may be unilateral occasionally. General lack of awareness of accessory breast cancer among clinicians has potentially dangerous implications. Knowledge about Accessory breast tissue has important implications for the patient care. If accessory breast tissue is not recognised, then a normal variant may be misdiagnosed as an abnormal lesion like lipoma, lymphadenopathy, sebaceous cyst, vascular malformation and malignancy. Also if surgical treatment is required it needs appropriate operative and post operative management.

Male Accessory Breast Cancer: A Review of Literature

Abstract Male accessory breast cancer is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. It is often misdiagnosed, and there are no specific guidelines regarding its management. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the case reports of male accessory breast cancer (MABC) published in the recent peer-reviewed literature. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched for case reports on MABC published from 2014 to 2023. Data were extracted related to the variables, which included age of the patient, location of the affected accessory breast, clinical presentation, maximum dimension of the tumour, imaging modalities used for evaluation, pre-excision histopathology, stage, management, histopathology, immunochemistry, gene profiling and follow-up. Our results show that there were 21 cases with a mean age of 69.2 years, and the commonest presentation was a lump. Six cases (28.5%) had been misdiagnosed, and the cancers had been labelled as benign lesions. Overall, 74% of cancers were located in the axilla, and there were two cases of bilateral involvement. Wide excision of the accessory breast was the major treatment modality, followed by comprehensive treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy, either alone or in combination. The immunochemistry analysis of the retrieved specimen played an important role in diagnosis and treatment. Four (20%) cases developed metastasis during follow-up.

Fibroadenoma of axillary supernumerary breast evaluation and treatment

Supernumerary breast is a congenital anomaly of the breast and found in 2% to 6% of the general population. The most frequent site of a supernumerary breast is the axilla (60-70%). We are discussing a case with fibroadenoma in axillary supernumerary breast in a 40 year multiparous lady with history of fibroadenoma in opposite breast. There was diagnostic dilemma due to unusual presentation of common benign breast finding in supernumerary breast. Diagnosis of fibroadenoma confirmed with excision and tissue histopathology. Supernumerary breast tissue may undergo all pathologic changes that occur in normally positioned breasts. Fibroadenoma has been rarely described in supernumerary breast tissues. Any lump in axilla must be evaluated with suspicion as carcinoma arising in the ectopic breast tissue has poorer prognosis due to difficult evaluation, early lymph node involvement and more difficult surgical excision. Fibroadenoma of axillary supernumerary breast is rare condition but its evolution and excision in case for confirm diagnosis is necessary to rule out any malignancy.

Accessory Breast Cancer of the Right Axillary Region: A Case Report and Review of Management

Accessory breast tissue results from failure of the embryologic mammary ridge, also known as the milk line, to involute. Because of the low incidence of these cases in the population and the lack of a fixed location for the tumor to occur. Case Presentation: Here we present a female patient, 51 years old, who was born with a swelling on the side of the arm in the right axilla that grew with age. Three years ago, a lump the size of an egg was found protruding from the body and gradually ulcerating. Conclusion: Ultrasound assisted examination revealed that the patient had right axillary lymph node enlargement and Pathological diagnosis of accessory breast cancer. The early stage of accessory breast cancer mostly presents only as a painless mass. Therefore, when an abnormality is detected in the early stage, it should be checked out promptly to avoid deterioration.

Bilateral Axillary Supernumerary Breasts: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Supernumerary breasts or hypermastia are due to the non-regression of mammary buds during embryogenesis, with mammary glandular tissue persisting in the milky line running from the axillary line to the anterointernal surface of the thigh.Diagnosis is difficult in the absence of a nipple, which confuses them with a lipoma or axillary adenopathy.We report the case of bilateral supernumerary breasts discovered in a 34-year-old patient and managed surgically.

Unexpected presentation of accessory breast: vulvar accessory breast tissue: a case report

BackgroundThe accessory breast is composed of residual glandular mammary tissue that persists after normal embryonic development. The entity is so rare that it is easily neglected in the diagnosis of disease.Case presentationWe report a 24-year-old virgin Persian woman with a left-sided vulvar mass and no pain or discomfort until shortly before her presentation at our department. Ectopic breast tissue in the vulva was diagnosed. We performed wide local resection of the lesion. Pathological investigation of the lesion confirmed the presence of ectopic breast tissue with secretory changes. She had no specific developmental abnormalities and had no relevant family history. She was followed up for 10 months and had recovered fully by this time.ConclusionAccessory breast tissue should be considered as a diagnosis when a mass is seen along the embryonic milk line, especially if the clinical findings reveal changes in the mass accompanied by changes in sex hormones.

The Hidden Breast: A Compelling Case of Supernumerary Breast

Supernumerary breast is a rare condition in which one or more additional breasts develop along the mammary line. Although it is often asymptomatic, it can cause discomfort or lactation problems in some women. This article with a review of literature provides a comprehensive overview of supernumerary breast, including its definition, prevalence, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, consequences, and prevention.