Drainage Of Superior Vena Cava Research Articles

Selective monitoring of superior and inferior vena cava drainage flows in bicaval cannulation: Potential clinical benefits of proximal junction placement on the CPB side.

Background: In cardiac surgery, precision and efficiency are crucial, especially in managing venous drainage flows during complex procedures. This practical technique evaluates the benefits of placing the proximal junction on the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) side rather than on the surgical table in bicaval cannulation. Bicaval cannulation, involving both the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), ensures efficient venous return.Practical technique: Placing the junction on the CPB side allows for accurate, real-time control of venous drainage, allowing for swift responses to fluctuations and maintaining stable hemodynamics.Perspectives: This approach could minimize the risk of congestion in the liver, splanchnic system, and cerebral venous return, thereby preventing related complications. Another important potential benefit of this approach could be the ability to closely monitor and manage metabolic demands and oxygen consumption for SVC and IVC. Additionally, EmTec flow technology can be integrated for more precise management.

Raghib Syndrome and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Raghib syndrome is a rare malformation complex consisting of the drainage of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) into the left atrium, ostial atresia of the coronary sinus and an atrial septal defect (ASD). Case Report: This report aims to present the case of a child newly diagnosed with Raghib syndrome, complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension, and to review previously published cases with the same diagnosis. A six-year-old female patient presented with signs and symptoms of heart failure (Ross III), reduced exercise tolerance and severe delay in stature and ponderal development. The imagistic work-up included echocardiography, followed by computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), through which a diagnosis of Raghib syndrome was established, complicated by pulmonary hypertension. As in other cases presented in the literature, MRI allowed for an accurate diagnosis, detecting the absent coronary sinus. The decision regarding the surgical closure of the ASD was made, with the patient having a favorable clinical evolution but with the persistence of elevated pulmonary artery pressure, for which Sildenafil therapy was instituted. Conclusions: The malformation complex consisting of an atrial septal defect, ostium atresia of the coronary sinus, uncovered coronary sinus, and persistent left superior vena cava, as identified through multiple imagistic investigations, was suggestive of the rare diagnosis of Raghib syndrome in this case. Among the limited number of cases of Raghib syndrome available in the literature, the present case is distinguished by the severity of the pulmonary artery hypertension at a very young age and in the absence of other concurrent cardiac malformations.

Isolated right superior vena cava drainage into the left atrium

Isolated right superior vena cava drainage into the left atrium

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Draining Directly Into the Left Atrium With Occluded Coronary Sinus

Combined persistent left superior vena cava entering the left atrium with a congenitally atretic coronary sinus is a rare imaging finding. In the absence of a significant right-to-left shunt, it is generally asymptomatic and can be an incidental discovery. Assessing the anatomy of the cardiac vasculature is crucial before transcutaneous cardiac procedures. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)

Biatrial drainage of right superior vena cava with left superior vena cava: A diagnostic conundrum

Biatrial drainage of the right superior vena cava (R-SVC) is a rare entity, with fewer than 40 reported cases.1,2 There are several anatomical considerations, but only one case with associated persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) has previously been reported.1 When the R-SVC drains into both atria, either due to an abnormal connection, malposition of the atrial septum, or a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SV-ASD), it may result in a right-to-left shunt with potentially significant consequences.

Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair in a Patient With Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Draining Into the Coronary Sinus – Cannulation Technique and Surgical Management

Persistence of the left superior vena cava is often an incidental finding during cardiac surgical procedures. In minimally invasive valvular surgery, it may jeopardise venous drainage and myocardial protection. This How-To-Do-It paper describes the cannulation strategy in a case of minimally invasive mitral surgery in a patient with persistence of the left superior vena cava and absence of the anonymous vein detected with preoperative multimodality imaging.

A Failed CCHD Screen.

A Failed CCHD Screen.

Echo Rounds: Partial Anomalous Systemic and Pulmonary Venous Return.

Anomalous drainage of a right-sided superior vena cava to the left atrium is a rare variant of systemic venous return anomalies. During the course of investigation for a heart murmur, an asymptomatic child was found to have a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous drainage. Despite the right superior vena cava overriding the upper end of the atrial septum and draining into the left atrium, the child did not exhibit hypoxemia. Saline contrast transesophageal echocardiography suggested an explanation for the absence of hypoxemia.

First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward.

First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward.

A case of partial anomalous systemic venous drainage and perioperative detection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

We report a case of 8-year-old boy with unexplained desaturation and clubbing. Echocardiography showed anomalous drainage of right superior vena cava into left atrium. He did not have any neurological symptoms preoperatively. Some perioperative observations and subtle postoperative behavioral changes prompted us to investigate him further. He was found to have extensive cerebral arteriovenous malformations and hemiatrophy of brain.

Cardiac herniation presenting as superior vena cava obstruction syndrome after intrapericardial pnemonectomy for locally advanced lung cancer---case report

IntroductionCardiac herniation is a rare complication after pulmonary surgery, and there are only a few reports about it. We now report a case of cardiac herniation presenting as superior vena cava obstruction after pneumonectomy.Case presentationA-52-years old woman diagnosed right pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma was carried out right pneumonectomy, the pulmonary artery and right superior pulmonary vein were dissected and ligated intrapericardial. The patient developed tachycardia arrhythmias, hypotension, followed by loss of consciousness at about 18 h after operation. After resuscitation, the patient was conscious but developed cyanosis of the superior vena cava drainage area, uropenia, and hypotension (80/30 mmHg). Bedside-echocardiography showed that the SVC was obstructed due to thrombus formation. Chest radiography a shift of the heart into right hemithorax. Rethoracotomy was performed and the herniated heart was replaced into the pericardium, and the pericardium was repaired with Gore Tex patch. The patient recovered smoothly after the second surgery.ConclusionCardiac herniation is a rare and fatally complication after thoracic surgery, and the prompt recognition with timely intervention is life-saving. Cardiac herniation is a rare but fatal complication of pneumonectomy. The increasing frequency of surgical resection for locally advanced thoracic carcinoma has led to a renewed emphasis regarding early diagnosis and treatment for cardiac herniation. Here we discuss a case of cardiac herniation presented with acute superior vena cava obstruction syndrome and hemodynamic instability after intrapericradial right pneumonectomy.

Biatrial Drainage of the Right Superior Vena Cava: Imaging Findings.

Biatrial drainage of the right superior vena cava (SVC) is a rare form of interatrial shunting that can have substantial clinical consequences. Cross-sectional imaging techniques (CT and MRI) are well suited for evaluation and surgical planning. This review article focuses on the embryologic development, hemodynamics, and imaging features to enable a timely diagnosis. Biatrial drainage of the right SVC has important clinical implications, and knowledge of its imaging appearance and hemodynamics is essential in diagnosis and treatment planning. © RSNA, 2020.

Long-Term Outcomes of the Double-Barrel Technique for Superior Sinus Venosus Defect With Partially Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection.

Repair of superior sinus venosus defect with high partially anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) using an intracardiac baffle may be complicated by systemic or pulmonary venous pathway obstruction and sinus nodal dysfunction (SND). Our surgical strategy for repair of all types of superior sinus venosus defect has evolved chiefly to avoid the abovementioned complications and preserving the growth potential of the superior cavoatrial junction. Between 2007 and 2019, fifty consecutive patients aged 2 to 60 (mean, 17.6±16.7) years underwent repair of superior sinus venosus defect using the double-barrel technique as described. The anomalous pulmonary veins drained into the superior cavoatrial junction in 17 patients and more than 2 cm above the cavoatrial junction in 33 patients. There were no early or late deaths and no reoperations. At a mean follow-up of 103.9 (±50.2) months, all survived the operation, and actuarial freedom from SND was 97.9% (±standard error, 0.02%; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99). No patient had systemic or pulmonary venous pathway obstruction. A permanent pacemaker was required in one (2%) patient for sick sinus syndrome. The double-barrel method is an expedient, safe, and effective technique in superior sinus venosus defect. It provides dual drainage of superior vena cava preserving the superior cavoatrial junction without causing systemic or pulmonary venous pathway obstruction and can be utilized in all cases including those with high PAPVC. Preservation of the cavoatrial junction and use of autogenous atrial tissue for systemic venous pathway avoids SND and preserves growth potential.

Anomalous Drainage of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava to the Left Atrium: Case Series and Literature Review

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) draining into the coronary sinus is not uncommon, but to the left atrium is a rare condition. Such anomaly may be a cause of unexplained hypoxia in all age groups. It is often diagnosed accidentally during cardiovascular diagnostic work-up or in a contest of other cardiac investigations. We report two cases of these rare PLSVC associations with subsequent medical and surgical management.

Positional Hypoxemia from Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Draining to the Left Atrium

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a relatively common congenital venous anomaly that typically drains into the coronary sinus without hemodynamic significance. Rarely a PLSVC drains directly into the left atrium... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Внутрипредсердное дренирование левосторонней верхней полой вены из левого предсердия с помощью сосудистого протеза при многокомпонентной аномалии развития сердца у взрослого пациента

Внутрипредсердное дренирование левосторонней верхней полой вены из левого предсердия с помощью сосудистого протеза при многокомпонентной аномалии развития сердца у взрослого пациента

Isolated right superior vena cava draining into the left atrium in a child with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation\u2014case report

BackgroundIsolated right Superior Vena Cava drainage into the left atrium in the absence of other cardiac anomalies is an extremely rare condition. The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a congenital vascular malformation. It comprises 1% of all pediatric congenital anomalies. The association vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, with congenital heart disease has been described.Case presentationWe describe a 16-months old toddler presenting at 7-months of age with respiratory distress and cyanosis. CT brain showed Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations. Echocardiography showed partial anomalous systemic venous drainage in the form of right superior vena cava drained into left atrium. Four sessions of Endovascular embolization were performed. Surgical repair of partial anomalous systemic venous drainage was done successfully.ConclusionsThe superior vena cava in our case overrides the atrial septum promoting direct drainage of venous return into the LA, thus causing dilated left ventricle instead of dilatation of right ventricle which is the usual presentation of VAGMs.

Superior vena cava drainage improves upper body oxygenation during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in sheep.

IntroductionDifferential hypoxia is a pivotal problem in patients with femoral veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Despite recognition of differential hypoxia and attempts to deliver more oxygenated blood to the upper body, the mechanism of differential hypoxia as well as prevention strategies have not been well investigated.MethodsWe used a sheep model of acute respiratory failure that was supported with femoral VA ECMO from the inferior vena cava to the femoral artery (IVC-FA), ECMO from the superior vena cava to the FA (SVC-FA), ECMO from the IVC to the carotid artery (IVC-CA) and ECMO with an additional return cannula to the internal jugular vein based on the femoral VA ECMO (FA-IJV). Angiography and blood gas analyses were performed.ResultsWith IVC-FA, blood oxygen saturation (SO2) of the IVC (83.6 ± 0.8%) was higher than that of the SVC (40.3 ± 1.0%). Oxygen-rich blood was drained back to the ECMO circuit and poorly oxygenated blood in the SVC entered the right atrium (RA). SVC-FA achieved oxygen-rich blood return from the IVC to the RA without shifting the arterial cannulation. Subsequently, SO2 of the SVC and the pulmonary artery increased (70.4 ± 1.0% and 73.4 ± 1.1%, respectively). Compared with IVC-FA, a lesser difference in venous oxygen return and attenuated differential hypoxia were observed with IVC-CA and FA-IJV.ConclusionsDifferential venous oxygen return is a key factor in the etiology of differential hypoxia in VA ECMO. With knowledge of this mechanism, we can apply better cannula configurations in clinical practice.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0791-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Right Atrial Flap Repair for Left Superior Vena Cava Draining into Left Atrium.

There are different surgical methods for the repair of persistent left superior vena cava that connects directly to the left atrium. We describe an extracardiac surgical technique that includes direct anastomosis of persistent left superior vena cava to the right atrium with right atrial flap and autologous pericardium. We have performed this procedure in four cases and there is no obstruction at postoperative control studies. Right atrial flap repair is a feasible extracardiac technique that offers growth potential.

Surgical Treatment of Dextroversion, Isolated Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Draining Into the Left Atrium.

We report a rare case of dextroversion accompanied with atrial septal defect (ASD), persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava in a four-year-old male. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft as an extracardiac conduit was used to connect the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with the right atrial appendage.