Superior Quality Research Articles

Magnetically induced asymmetry and fuel-propulsion of lipid vesicles containing Fe3O4 micromotors

Artificial micro/nanomotors possess the capability to navigate intricate environments in accordance with a premeditated blueprint. Hybrid-propelled micromotors may present an efficacious approach in addressing scientific research quandaries. In this context, ferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) are chosen as catalysts to be encapsulated within lipid vesicles (LVs) due to their superior quality and cost-effectiveness. The external magnetic field induces the aggregation of Fe3O4 MNPs within the LVs, resulting in the formation of an asymmetrical structure that promotes the catalytic reaction of hydrogen peroxide, producing oxygen to propel the movement of Fe3O4@LVs micromotors. The magnetic-fuel dual drive enables the Fe3O4@LVs micromotor to move 1.3 times faster than the LVs alone. Additionally, the magnetic field offers the advantage of controlling the direction of motor movement and facilitating retrieval for practical applications. This dual drive micromotor exhibits exceptional stability and reusability in aqueous solutions, underscoring its immense potential for future applications.

Optimizing ELD in power systems applying GWO: A Practical Approach

Addressing the Economic load Dispatch (ELD) Problem in power systems is crucial for minimizing generation cost and transmission losses while meeting the load demand. This research explores the application of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) to solve the ELD problem, leveraging ‘GWO’s inspiration from grey wolf social behavior. Through simulation, ‘GWO’s superior convergence speed and solution quality compared to traditional techniques is demonstrated. The finding highlights ‘GWO’s effectiveness in enhancing the economic and operational efficiency of power systems, offering promising avenues for sustainable energy management strategies.

Effects of alternative hermetic bag storage on fermented and dried cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.)

Cocoa beans, derived from the Cacao Tree (Theobroma cacao L.), are a cash crop among smallholder farmers in tropical regions. After harvest and processing, maintaining cocoa bean quality is critical to access lucrative markets. This paper examines the impact of hermetic storage on insect damage, mold, moisture content, and water activity of fermented and dried cocoa beans under farm conditions in collaboration with a farmer association of Belén de Umbría in Colombia. Three types of hermetic storage systems were assessed for a period of 12 months: Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, including both 2- and 3-layer variants, and Ecotact® hermetic storage bags, and plus traditional (jute) bags as a control. Regression analysis reveals varying effects across storage durations and treatments. Insect damage was significantly lower in hermetic bags compared to jute bags, with the trend increasing over storage period. Moisture content increased over time with hermetic bags maintaining more desirable levels compared to jute bags. While water activity increased with storage duration, there were minor differences between treatments. Mold presence varies, with jute bags showing lower presence initially, but no significant difference after three months of storage. Overall, results indicate that cocoa beans stored in regular PICS bags (3-layer, PICS3) exhibit superior quality than those stored in the other hermetic (PICS2 and Ecotact®) and jute bags. PICS (3-layer, PICS3) bag can be used to effectively maintain cocoa beans quality while building stocks for sale or processing. This information is valuable for smallholder farmers and cocoa value chain actors seeking to store cocoa beans for extended periods.

Conformal Low‐Temperature Molecular Layer Deposited Coatings as Interface Modifications to Support Ceramic Protective Films on Macroscopic Flexible Devices

Flexible devices often need a protective coating when operating in harmful environments, ranging from mild ambient conditions to a biologically active environment of the human body. The flexibility poses a problem for traditional encapsulation solutions, as those make the device bulky and limit functionality by applying an external casing. Alternatively, fully conformal encapsulation of a device of arbitrary shape can be realized with thin‐film encapsulation (TFE) without altering device dimensions. Yet, TFE is susceptible to fail under mechanical stresses, especially when a hard ceramic coating is applied on a polymer. Reliability of TFE can be enhanced by altering the elasticity of the hard and brittle thin films, by adding softer layers in between sample and barrier. Herein, molecular layer deposited (MLD) metal‐linked trioxysilylheptanoate (M‐TOSH) films are studied for coating of large devices to conformally and uniformly tune the interface between polymer and atomic‐layer‐deposited protective film. The results show that M‐TOSH process scales to large chambers; parameter optimization leads to superior film quality and lowers elastic modulus. Conformality, tested with home‐built macroscopic test device, finds the process suitable for 3D parts. Final testing reveals that ten cycles of MLD interlayer double the crack‐onset‐strain from 0.26% to 0.51%.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance 3D LGE imaging for atrial fibrillation ablation

Abstract Objective To assess feasibility and reliability of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in visualizing left atrial (LA) structural changes that patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) undergo acutely and long-term post ablation. Two different ablation methods i.e pulsed filed ablation (PFA) and cryoablation were studied. Background Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has become the cornerstone technique for catheter ablation in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). At present, almost all ablation technologies are mediated by a thermal effect. Recently, pulsed field ablation (PFA) has been introduced as a new energy source. PFA is a non-thermal ablative modality in which high voltage ultra-short pulses are applied to target tissue, while preserving the extracellular matrix architecture, nerves, and microvascular structures. Few data exist showing different structural LA changes between the two methods using Three-Dimensional (3D) Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) Imaging. Methods CMR imaging was performed pre-ablation, acutely (<24 h), and 3 months post-ablation in 10 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with PFA (n = 5) or cryoablation (n = 5). 3D LGE and T2-weighted images were analysed. We obtained two data sets of 3D whole heart LGE imaging with high resolution, 20minutes post gadolinium injection. Patients underwent two acquisitions: the conventional respiratory navigated, electrocardiographically-gated 3D fast gradient echo (1.3slice thickness, 256x256 matrix acquisition) and the image-navigated isotropic high resolution 3D LGE with Dixon water-fat separation. 3D LGE data were analysed using a dedicated (ADAS LA) software in order to produce a 3D-LA model visualization of LGE areas. Results In the acute stage, LGE volume was 50% larger after PFA vs. cryoablation (P < 0.001), and oedema on T2 imaging was significantly smaller (visual estimation) on PFA cases. LGE rings surrounding PV ostia were more homogeneous after PFA, with no sign of microvascular damage or intramural hemorrhage as compared to cryoablation cases. In the chronic stage, the majority of acute LGE had disappeared after PFA, whereas most LGE persisted after cryo-ablation. The two 3D LGE sequences used for analysis showed complete agreement in the visualization of atrial scar with superior image quality of the novel sequence. The mean acquisition time for 3D LGE imaging was 11±4minutes for the conventional fast gradient echo sequence, and 5±2minutes for the novel 3D self-image navigated LGE sequence. Conclusions CMR imaging may help in visualization and understanding of LA structural remodeling post different ablation techniques.

Regression Models for In Vivo Discrimination of the Iberian Pig Feeding Regime after Near Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Faeces

The Iberian pig is a native breed of the Iberian Peninsula, which holds an international reputation due to the superior quality and the added value of its products. Different rearing practices and feeding regimes are regulated, resulting in different labelling schemes. However, there is no official analytical methodology that is standardised for certification purposes in the sector. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a technology that provides information about the physicochemical composition of a sample, with several advantages that have enabled its implementation in different fields. Although it has already been successfully used for the analysis of an Iberian pig’s final products, samples evaluated with NIRS technology are characterised by a postmortem collection. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of NIRS analysis of faeces for in vivo discrimination of the Iberian pig feeding regime, using the spectral information per se for the development of modified partial least squares regressions. Faecal samples were used due to their easy collection, especially in extensive systems where pig handling is difficult. A total of 166 individual samples were collected from 12 farms, where the three different feeding regimes available in the sector were ensured. Although slight differences were detected depending on the chemometric approach, the best models obtained a classification success and a prediction accuracy of over 94% for feeding regime discrimination. The results are considered very satisfactory and suggest NIRS analysis of faeces as a promising approach for the in vivo discrimination of the Iberian pigs’ diet, and its implementation during field inspections, a significative achievement for the sector.

Rescheduling optimisation of sustainable multi-objective fuzzy flexible job shop under uncertain environment

ABSTRACT The fourth industrial revolution has necessitated the integration of sustainability and customer centricity into modern manufacturing systems, thereby emphasising their significance. However, the production process itself is characterised by inherent uncertainties. Hence, this paper primarily focuses on the multi-objective flexible job shop rescheduling problem with uncertain processing time and new job insertions. Two fuzzy constraints are incorporated: fuzzy processing time and fuzzy due date, which aim to model the uncertainty of processing time and ensure flexibility in meeting deadlines. The objective function aims to optimise both customer satisfaction and energy consumption. To address two types of rescheduling problems: time delay caused by fuzzy features and new job insertions, this paper is dedicated to providing a hybrid adaptative rescheduling strategy that combines a satisfaction-driven policy with two specific rescheduling methods. Moreover, an enhanced version of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is developed, incorporating population initialisation rules and multiple genetic operators to obtain solutions of superior quality. Experimental studies have demonstrated the impact of time delay caused by fuzzy features on customer satisfaction. The proposed hybrid adaptative rescheduling strategy and methods exhibit significant improvements in rescheduling plan performance under uncertain environments.

Parvalbumin Gene: A Valuable Marker for Pike Authentication and Allergen Risk Assessment.

Fish from the pike (Esox) genus are valued in gastronomy for their superior meat quality. However, they can cause allergic reactions in sensitive consumers. This work aimed to fill the gap in the detection of pike allergens using molecular-biological techniques. New, fast, and accurate loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were designed to detect pike DNA using the parvalbumin gene as a marker. LAMP was assessed by electrophoresis, SYBR green optical detection, and real-time fluorescence detection. The latter was the most sensitive, detecting as little as 0.78 ng of pike DNA; the qPCR detection limit was 0.1 ng. The LAMP analysis took 20-70 min, which is significantly faster than qPCR. The study provides reliable detection and quantification of the parvalbumin gene in both fresh and processed samples and further highlights the versatility of the use of the parvalbumin gene for the authentication of food products and consumer protection via refined allergen risk assessment that is independent of the type of tissue or food processing method used.

Optimizing apple orchard management: Investigating the impact of planting density, training systems and fertigation levels on tree growth, yield and fruit quality

An experiment was conducted to investigate the comprehensive influence of planting density, training system and fertigation level on the performance of 'Jeromine'/M.9 apple orchards at Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan (India) in two consecutive years. Experiment encompasses 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice within a factorial experiment. The treatments included three planting densities (4000, 3200 and 2666 trees ha−1), two training systems (Tall Spindle and Vertical Axis), and two levels of fertigation (100 % and 75 % recommended dose of NPK). The results indicated that lowest planting density of 2666 trees ha−1 produced highest yield per tree accompanied with superior fruit quality. Trees planted at a planting density of 2666 trees ha−1 and trained to Tall Spindle training system notably restrained tree growth, with the latter contributing to higher yields and superior quality fruit. Similarly, 100 % recommended dose of NPK fertigation resulted in significantly higher yields and enhanced fruit quality. Remarkably, the three-way interaction analysis revealed that treatment combination of 2666 trees ha−1 planting density, Tall Spindle training system and 100 % recommended dose of NPK fertigation produced the highest yield of 13.6 kg tree−1, along with superior quality fruits. The study emphasized that increasing planting density decreased yield per tree while concurrently increasing yield per hectare. The most productive combination yielding 42.1 t ha−1, involved 4000 trees ha−1 with Tall Spindle training system and 100 % recommended dose of NPK fertigation. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing apple orchard management strategies to achieve the delicate balance between tree growth, yield and fruit quality, assisting growers in making informed decisions for improved productivity and fruit quality, thereby contributing to the overall profitability of apple cultivation.

The clinical efficacy of Medial Sustain Nail(MSN) and Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA) for fixation of medial comminuted trochanteric fractures: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Medial Sustain Nail (MSN) for medial comminuted trochanteric fractures fixation in comparison to Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) through a clinical study. A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted at a single centre between July 2019 and July 2020. Fifty patients diagnosed comminuted trochanteric fractures were randomly assigned to either the MSN group (n = 25) or the PFNA group (n = 25). A total of forty-three patients were included in the final study analysis. The primary outcome measure was Short Form 36 health surgery physical component summary (SF-36 PCS) score. Secondary outcomes included the Oxford Hip Scores (OHS), weight bearing, complication relate to implant and so on. This study was not blined to surgeons, but to patients and data analysts. The MSN demonstrated significantly better functional outcomes as measured by SF-36 PCS and OHS at sixmonths postoperative compared to PFNA (p < 0.05). Union of fractures in the MSN group reached 90.9% at threemonths after surgery, whereas the PFNA group achieved a union rate of 57.1% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, weight-bearing time of MSN group was earlier than PFNA group (p < 0.05). Additionally, complications related to implant usage were more prevalent in the PFNA group (33.3%) compared to the MSN group (4.5%) (p < 0.05). MSN exhibited superior quality of life outcomes compared to PFNA at sixmonths postoperative. This indicates that MSN effectively reconstructs medial femoral support in patients with comminuted trochanteric fractures, which facilitates early weight-bearing and accelerates the recovery process. Trial registration number: NCT01437176, Date of the trial registration:2011-9-1, Date of commencement of the study:2011-9, Date of enrolment/recruitment of the study subjects:2019-7.

Exploring Sustainable Urban Transportation: Insights from Shared Mobility Services and Their Environmental Impact

The transportation landscape is witnessing profound changes due to technological advancements, necessitating proactive policy responses to harness innovation and avert urban mobility disruption. The sharing economy has already transformed ridesharing, bicycle-sharing, and electric scooters, with shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) poised to reshape car ownership. This study pursues two objectives: firstly, to establish a market segmentation for shared ride services and secondly, to evaluate the environmental impact of ridesharing in different contexts. To mitigate potential biases linked to stated preference data, we analysed the navette service, utilized by a research institute in Europe, closely resembling future SAVs. The market segmentation relied on hierarchical cluster analysis using employee survey responses, while the environmental analysis was grounded in the 2019 navette service data. Our analysis revealed four unique employee clusters: Cluster 1, emphasizing active transportation and environmental awareness; Cluster 2, showing openness towards SAVs given reliable alternatives are available; Cluster 3, the largest segment, highlighting a demand for policy support and superior service quality; and Cluster 4, which places a premium on time, suggesting a potential need for strategies to make the service more efficient and, consequently, discourage private car use. These findings highlight a general willingness to adopt shared transport modes, signalling a promising transition to shared vehicle ownership with significant environmental benefits achievable through service design and policy measures.

Nurturing trust in Islamic banking within the metaverse for market success

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of trust in the metaverse on the Islamic banking sector, particularly in facilitating market success. Additionally, it seeks to explore the relationship between metaverse-driven brand image, product features, service quality and overall performance in the market. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 187 participants in Jordan, with the SmartPLS software used to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings reveal a significant impact of metaverse-enhanced brand image, product features and service quality on Islamic banking market performance. Furthermore, customer trust in the metaverse plays a significant role in shaping the relationship between product features, service quality and Islamic banking market performance. Originality/value The study’s practical implications still suggest the need for a more holistic metaverse-driven approach. Investing in service quality initiatives alone may not adequately build and sustain customer trust in the metaverse. Instead, transparent communication on ethical practices in the metaverse is required to reinforce trust and magnify the positive influence of superior service quality in the metaverse.

Mobile Robot Path Planning Algorithm Based on NSGA-II

Path planning for mobile robots is a key technology in robotics. To address the issues of local optima trapping and non-smooth paths in mobile robot path planning, a novel algorithm based on the NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is proposed. The algorithm utilizes a search window approach for population initialization, which improves the quality of the initial population. An innovative fitness function is designed as the objective function for optimization iterations. A probability-based selection strategy is employed for population selection and optimization, enhancing the algorithm’s ability to escape local minima and preventing premature convergence to suboptimal solutions. Furthermore, a path smoothing algorithm is developed by incorporating Bézier curves. By connecting multiple segments of Bézier curves, the problem of the high computational complexity associated with high-degree Bézier curves is addressed, while simultaneously achieving smooth paths. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed path planning algorithm exhibited fewer iterations, superior path quality, and path smoothness. Compared to other methods, the proposed approach demonstrated better overall performance and practical applicability.

Optimizing Cloud Broker Profitability through Advanced Cloud Computing Techniques

Cloud computing has gained significant traction as an efficient solution for delivering on-demand computing resources and services. For cloud service providers, ensuring profitability while maintaining service quality is crucial. However, the prevalent single long-term renting approach often results in compromised service quality and substantial resource wastage. To address this, our paper proposes a pioneering double resource renting scheme that integrates short-term and long-term renting. This innovative approach not only guarantees optimal service quality for all requests but also significantly minimizes resource wastage. We adopt an M/M/m+D queuing model to analyse the performance indicators affecting the profitability of our double renting scheme, including the average charge and the ratio of requests necessitating temporary servers. By formulating a profit maximization problem tailored to the double renting scheme, we derive an optimized cloud platform configuration. Comparative calculations between our proposed scheme and the traditional single renting scheme demonstrate that our approach not only ensures superior service quality for all requests but also yields increased profitability. Key Words- Cloud computing, Double resource renting, Service quality, M/M/m+D queuing model, Performance indicators, Profit maximization, Short-term renting, Long-term renting.

Biological optimization for hybrid proton-photon radiotherapy.

&#xD;Hybrid proton-photon radiotherapy (RT) is a cancer treatment option to broaden access to proton RT. Additionally, with a refined treatment planning method, hybrid RT has the potential to offer superior plan quality compared to proton-only or photon-only RT, particularly in terms of target coverage and sparing organs-at-risk (OAR), when considering robustness to setup and range uncertainties. However, there is a concern regarding the underestimation of the biological effect of protons on OAR, especially those in close proximity to targets. This study seeks to develop a hybrid treatment planning method with biological dose optimization, suitable for clinical implementation on existing proton and photon machines, with each photon or proton treatment fraction delivering a uniform target dose.&#xD;Approach:&#xD;The proposed hybrid biological dose optimization method optimizes proton and photon plan variables, along with the number of fractions, minimizing biological dose to OAR and surrounding normal tissues. Hybrid plans are designed to be deliverable separately and robustly on existing proton and photon machines, with enforced uniform target dose constraints for proton and photon fraction doses. Probabilistic formulation is utilized for robust optimization of setup and range uncertainties for protons and photons. The nonconvex optimization problem, arising from minimum monitor unit (MMU) constraint and dose-volume histogram (DVH) constraints, is solved using an iterative convex relaxation method.&#xD;Main results:&#xD;Hybrid planning with biological dose optimization effectively eliminated hot spots of biological dose, particularly in normal tissues surrounding the target, outperforming proton-only planning. It also provided superior overall plan quality and OAR sparing compared to proton-only or photon-only planning strategies.&#xD;Significance:&#xD;This study presents a novel hybrid biological treatment planning method capable of generating plans with minimized biological hot spots, superior plan quality to proton-only or photon-only plans, and clinical deliverability on existing proton and photon machines, separately and robustly.&#xD.

Alternative methodology of special coffee roasting in the electric popcorn maker

The aim was to develop and evaluate an alternative method for roasting coffee, using a domestic electric popcorn machine, estimating an ideal roasting time to obtain a drink of high quality. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, with 10 treatments, with roasting times ranging from 3 to 8 minutes. Grain mass reduction and roasting color classification, according to the ABG Agtron scale, were evaluated. Roasting was carried out in a domestic electric popcorn maker, from Mondial brand, model PP-04, with a power of 1200W. Time intervals of five to six minutes showed better coffee characteristics, medium roasting point, ideal for specialty coffees. The use of the popcorn machine as a coffee roaster showed a satisfactory result, since in a short period of time, it provided a uniform roast, which attributes superior quality, compared to conventional coffee found on the market.

Tea Quality of the Mysterious "Dahongpao Mother Tree" (Camellia sinensis).

The quality of the Dahongpao mother tree (Camellia sinensis) remains a mystery to this day. In this study, for the first time, the differences between the Dahongpao mother tree (MD) and Dahongpao cuttings (PD), in terms of odor characteristics and taste characteristics were analyzed by metabomics. The results showed that MD had stronger floral, fruity, green, and woody odor characteristics than PD, and that the contributions were mainly from dihydromyrcenol, methyl salicylate, 2-isobutylpyrazine, 1,6-dihydrocarveol, gamma-terpineol, and linalyl acetate. Further, fresh and brisk taste and mellowness taste characteristics of MD were significantly higher than PD, with contributions mainly from amino acids and derivatives and organic acids. Secondly, bitterness taste characteristics of PD were significantly higher than MD, with contributions from phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols. This study preliminarily unraveled the legend of the superior quality of the Dahongpao mother tree, and also provided an important reference for the breeding of tea-tree cuttings.

Detail-preserving Joint Image Upsampling

Image operators can be instrumental to computational imaging and photography. However, many of them are computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose an effective yet efficient joint upsampling method to accelerate various image operators. We show that edge-preserving filtering can be facilitated with a downsampling-and-upsampling process. Moreover, when the extent of smoothing is mild, the process is detail-preserving, i.e., the fine details lost in the low-resolution (LR) images can be accurately restored in the high-resolution (HR) images. Given an HR input and an LR output of an operator, we downsample the HR input and calculate its affinities to the HR input. By applying the affinities to the LR output, we promote its resolution. Due to the strong detail-preserving property, the HR output derived in the previous step may exhibit aliasing artifacts around the salient edges. We further refine it based on the linear relations in a small neighborhood to rid the artifacts. Experiments on various image operators show that our method achieves superior quality over the state-of-the-art joint upsampling methods. Furthermore, the running time of our method is linear to the number of pixels. Our naive implementation derives 1080P images in real time (24 fps) on an NVIDIA GTX 3070 GPU.

Replacement of tubular fluorescent lamps with tubular LEDs lamps and daylight integration in classrooms and laboratories

The quality of lighting significantly influences our ability to perform tasks in enclosed spaces, and certain characteristics of lighting sources play a crucial role. Light-emitting diode (tubular LED) lamps offer advantages for both home and office use. Choosing tubular LED lamps over fluorescent ones is beneficial for several reasons. Tubular LEDs are mercury-free, ensuring environmental safety compared to the small amount of mercury present in fluorescent tubes. Furthermore, tubular LEDs provide directional lighting, minimizing light loss in fixtures and unnecessary areas, and offering better efficiency (around 40% more than tubular fluorescent lamps). Also, they produce high-quality light with various color temperatures, eliminating flickering issues that can cause discomfort such as eye strain, headaches, and migraines. Additionally, tubular LEDs have a longer lifespan making them a preferable lighting option. The superior quality of natural light makes it the optimal source of illumination, which matching well with the visual response of the human eyes. Daylight has a positive influence on people, instilling a feeling of vibrancy and brightness within their living environment. The acknowledged benefits of daylight extend to enhancing visual comfort, promoting health, and improving overall performance among building occupants. This paper focuses on the integration of natural daylight with artificial light, particularly through tubular LED lamps, and investigates the daylight factor. Two groups of six tubular LED lamps (60cm with 9 Watt and 120cm with 18 Watt) and another group of six tubular fluorescent lamps (60cm with 18 Watt and 120cm with 36 Watt) were studied. The study involved two sets of six tubular LED lamps (60cm with 9W and 120cm with 18W) and another set with six tubular fluorescent lamps (60cm with 18W and 120cm with 36W). Measurements were conducted using Spectroradiometer Ocean Optics HR 2000 with 4.7% uncertainty and a photometric bench to assess the spectral output. Additionally, UVA/B silicon detector and Luxmeter detector setups with uncertainties of 5.2% and 6%, respectively, were employed for irradiance and illuminance measurements of tubular LEDs and fluorescent lamps. Various parameters, including daylight factor ratio, UVA power to luminous flux (K) for tubular fluorescent lamps, spectral power distribution, and illumination levels were obtained. Integration between daylight and tubular LED lamps was also determined. The maximum detected value lmW /013.0  is less than the safe limit for human health but still there are effects on human health if they use these types of lamps. Therefore, it is advisable to switch from tubular fluorescent lamps to tubular LEDs to mitigate the impact of UVA on human health and the environment.

Comparative analysis of GoPro and digital cameras in head and neck flap harvesting surgery video documentation: an innovative and efficient method for surgical education

BackgroundAn urgent need exists for innovative surgical video recording techniques in head and neck reconstructive surgeries, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where a surge in surgical procedures necessitates more skilled surgeons. This demand, significantly intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the critical role of surgical videos in medical education. We aimed to identify a straightforward, high-quality approach to recording surgical videos at a low economic cost in the operating room, thereby contributing to enhanced patient care.MethodsThe recording was comprised of six head and neck flap harvesting surgeries using GoPro or two types of digital cameras. Data were extracted from the recorded videos and their subsequent editing process. Some of the participants were subsequently interviewed.ResultsBoth cameras, set at 4 K resolution and 30 frames per second (fps), produced satisfactory results. The GoPro, worn on the surgeon’s head, moves in sync with the surgeon, offering a unique first-person perspective of the operation without needing an additional assistant. Though cost-effective and efficient, it lacks a zoom feature essential for close-up views. In contrast, while requiring occasional repositioning, the digital camera captures finer anatomical details due to its superior image quality and zoom capabilities.ConclusionMerging these two systems could significantly advance the field of surgical video recording. This innovation holds promise for enhancing technical communication and bolstering video-based medical education, potentially addressing the global shortage of specialized surgeons.