Superficial Dimensions Research Articles

THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF CANDELARIA WEST DISTRICT

This study was conducted to determine the interpersonal dimension and its relationship to the organizational commitment of teachers in selected public schools in Candelaria West District. The subjects of study were ninety-two (92) teachers from the selected public elementary schools in Candelaria West District for the academic year. 2022-2023. This study was a descriptive method and utilized and adapted questionnaire on the level of the dimension of interpersonal relationship such as cooperative vs. competitive dimension, equal vs. hierarchical dimension, intense vs. superficial dimension and the level of organizational commitment such as affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The gathered data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation. This study revealed the following findings: the perception regarding the level of interpersonal relationship is ‘very high’ in all three variables in terms of improving their connection: cooperative, equal and intense. Also, the level of organizational commitment is ‘very high’ in all three variables in terms of improving their connection within the organization: affective, continuance and normative. The findings of this study will be useful to teachers, school’s administrator, the people who work in organizations, and other researchers. The study hereby offers the following recommendations: teachers may continue this kind of interaction within their organization to create and continue a good relationship and to be committed: treating the other members of the organization equally, having interaction, cooperation, working together, and enjoying each other is a good thing to do.

Co-presence, dysco-presence, and disco-presence: Navigating WeChat in Chinese acquaintance networks

This study contributes to the line of digital dis/connection by stretching it into the concept of mediated co-presence and dealing with complex Chinese acquaintance networks on WeChat, thereby creatively proposing three modes of digital interactivity—co-presence, dysco-presence, and disco-presence. Therein, dysco-presence and disco-presence refer to resistance awareness and resistance actions toward co-presence, respectively. Based on a 2-year ethnographic study of Chinese youth, we further reveal the complex combination of mediated dis/dys/co-presence and acquaintance networks on WeChat. Ambient co-presence enables WeChat users to extend their social interactivity with acquaintance networks in a superficial dimension, while guanxi maintenance determines that they cannot completely quit WeChat-mediated co-presence, resulting in an ambivalent dysco-presence. Yet disco-presence comprises the ambiguous strategies of human and technological aggregation that offer possibilities for reorganizing resistance, temporality, and sociality.

Diode Laser Photocoagulation of Intraoral and Perioral Venous Malformations After Tridimensional Staging by High Definition Ultrasonography.

Objective: To determine optimal settings for use of diode lasers to treat vascular malformations in the head and neck. Background: Diode lasers are generally accepted as effective tools to treat vascular malformations in the head and neck, yet there are no standardized treatment protocols for this treatment approach. Settings for these lasers, in addition to laser type and size and lesion depth are important variables for designing appropriate treatments for vascular malformations. Materials and methods: Vascular venous malformations (VeMs) were classified into five groups according to high-definition ultrasound measurements of superficial dimensions (<1, 1-3, and >3 cm) and lesion extension depth (≤5, and >5 mm). Using a 800 ± 10 nm diode laser for surgical procedures, we treated lesions by two different approaches: trans-mucous/cutaneous photocoagulation (8 and 12 W pulsed wave for cutaneous and mucosal lesions, respectively) and intralesional photocoagulation using a laser set to 13 W in the pulsed wave modality to treat both cutaneous and mucosal lesions. Results: We treated 158 vascular VeMs. According to preoperative staging, there were 52 lesions in Group A (superficial dimension <1 cm), 28 in Group B1 (superficial dimension from 1 to 3 cm, extension depth ≤5 mm), 16 in Group B2 (superficial dimension from 1 to 3 cm, extension depth >5 mm), 42 in Group C1 (superficial dimension >3 cm, extension depth ≤5 mm), and 12 in Group C2 (superficial dimension >3 cm, extension depth >5 mm). All Group A lesions showed complete healing after a single laser treatment, whereas 7%, 10%, 12%, and 16% of lesions classified in Groups B1, B2, C1, and C2, respectively, required further treatments. Conclusions: The laser settings defined in this study were associated with a reduced number of laser applications needed for effective treatment of vascular VeMs. Moreover, the cooling of irradiated tissues, together with prolonged application of a topical regenerative gel, provided good treatment acceptability, reduced the number of postoperative complications, and promoted faster healing of covering tissues.

“Bluewashing” the Firm? Voluntary Regulations, Program Design, and Member Compliance with the United Nations Global Compact

Voluntary programs have emerged as important instruments of public policy. We explore whether programs lacking monitoring and enforcement mechanisms can curb participants’ shirking with program obligations. Incentive-based approaches to policy see monitoring and enforcement as essential to curb shirking, while norm-based approaches view social mechanisms such as norms and learning as sufficient to serve this purpose. The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), a prominent international voluntary program, encourages firms to adopt socially responsible policies. Its program design, however, relies primarily on norms and learning to mitigate shirking. Using a panel of roughly 3,000 U.S. firms from 2000 to 2010, and multiple approaches to address endogeneity and selection issues, we examine the effects of Compact membership on members’ human rights and environmental performance. We find that members fare worse than nonmembers on costly and fundamental performance dimensions, while showing improvements only in more superficial dimensions. Exploiting the lack of monitoring and enforcement, UNGC members are able to shirk: enjoying goodwill benefits of program membership without making costly changes to their human rights and environmental practices.

The narcissistic difficulties presented to the observer by the psychosomatic problem

Dealing with psychosomatic realities often generates narcissistic neurotic resistances in the observer that form an obstacle to carrying out scientific work. The tendencies towards schematization and the enforced investigation of arbitrarily defined objects of study, such as they appear in some theoretical standpoints, are aspects of these resistances. The self‐destruction evoked by the problem of the ‘death drives’ in its superficial dimension constitutes an obstacle of the same kind.

A procedure to mathematically amend possible thickness disuniformities in gel-layer dosimetry

The continuous development of conformal radiotherapies requires a corresponding improvement of dosimetric techniques. Fricke gel-layer dosimetry, coupled with a suitably developed software, has proven to be a reliable technique for 3D absorbed dose distribution verification. The method is based on the evaluation of the light transmitted by gel-layers due to the fact that th optical density difference between irradiated and non irraddiated dosimeters is proportional to the absorbed dose. Measurement are performed by means of a planar illumination source and a computer-controlled CCD camera. Recently, adoption of gel layers with increased superficial dimensions has evidenced a possible thickness disuniformity of layers, thus introducing a new source of measurement inaccuracy. In this work, a method to mathematically amend this possible source of error is proposed. Dose profiles along the central axis of phantoms irradiated with X-ray therapy and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy fields, obtained with and without the application of the proposed correction procedure, were compared with ionization chamber measurements and Monte Carlo simulations, respectively. The obtained results show a good reliability of the proposed procedure.

A new method to evaluate lower eyelid sag using three‐dimensional image analysis

Lower eyelid sags as well as wrinkles represent age-related morphological changes of the skin surface. However, a quantitative method to evaluate lower eyelid sagging has not been previously established. We designed a new quantitative evaluation method that uses non-invasive skin scanning, which is based on the difference between the superficial dimension of the sagging surface of the lower eyelid and the dimension of its projection area. In 97 females, 2-D and the 3-D images were taken. By 3-D image analysis, the difference between the superficial dimension of the sagging surface of the lower eyelid and the dimension of its virtual projection area was assessed, and was defined as the sag parameter. This parameter was significantly correlated with the sag score (a photographic scale to assess the degree of sagging) and with aging. The accuracy of the sag parameter was confirmed in a clinical test using a sag treatment lotion and a placebo lotion. The sag score decreased in skin treated with the sag treatment lotion, but the change was not significantly different from that of the placebo treated skin. On the contrary, the sag parameter was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after topical application of the sag treatment lotion compared with the placebo-treated skin. These results indicate that the sag parameter as proposed herein is useful in clinical studies to evaluate slight changes in lower eyelid sagging.

Generic tendencies in majority and non‐majority supreme court opinions: The case of justice Douglas

Using a sample of Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas' Supreme Court opinons as the data base, this study investigated the question of whether majority or non‐majority status constitutes a variable sufficiently strong to predict the rhetorical quality of the opinion. The three traditional schools of legal philosophy, Natural Law, Legal Positivism, and Legal Realism, provided the basis of three hypothetical rhetorical genres which were found to be present in statistically similar frequencies in all opinion types. These findings (1) call into question the conventional wisdom that majority and dissenting opinions represent different rhetorical sub‐species, and (2) suggest that a more fruitful avenue of analysis looks to the generic architechtonics of Supreme Court opinions rather than to the relatively more superficial dimension of stylistics.

On the Correlation Between Malignancy and the Rate of Growth of Tar Warts in Mice

Since the discovery that both benign and malignant warts follow the prolonged painting with tar of the skin of mice, much investigation has been carried out using this method; nevertheless, as far as I am aware, a detailed study of the natural history of individual warts has not been made, attention so far being directed to individual mice, rather than individual warts. While carrying out. such an investigation on individual warts, a close correlation between malignancy and high rate of growth was observed, and vice versa. The present paper is concerned with this part of their natural history and allied considerations and is divided into four sections, as follows: A. Experimental Conditions; B. Results Obtained; C. Discussion; D. Summary. A. Experimental Conditions A mixed strain of mice was used which had been bred in the laboratory for a number of years; 60 of these mice were painted with a tar of high wart-producing potency for one hundred days on the nape of the neck, along a line 2 cm. long; 54 mice survived the hundred days; one of them never showed any warts, though observed for two hundred and eighty-seven days; upon the remaining 53 animals there grew two hundred and three warts. These warts formed the investigated material. The necks of the mice were examined and the warts measured to the nearest quarter of a millimeter three times a week. The major and minor dimensions and height of the warts were recorded, and from time to time drawings were made of the warts in elevation. Certain characters of the warts were also recorded: whether smooth or rough, scaly, ulcerated, horny, encrusted, exhibiting lateral or deep extension, etc. The records of their superficial dimensions, multiplied together, were plotted against time, so that the progress of the growth of the warts could always be seen, and closely followed.