Super Slow Motion Research Articles

Development of a One-minute Educational Video for Eye-drop Instillation and Changes in Instillation Behavior after Watching the Video

We created a one-minute video titled "a simple method of eye-drop instillation" (video) for online instillation guidance, to compare the instillation method before and after study participants watch the video and verify the usefulness of watching the video. Moreover, we prepared a document questionnaire to investigate instillation habits and clarify instillation behavior. Study participants were randomly recruited from among students and faculty members via a poster posted at Tokushima Bunri University. The instillation behavior of the study participants was videotaped before and after they watched the video created by the authors. The images were played in a super slow motion, to confirm success or failure in instillation, drop sites, and eye-opening method. Of the 109 participants in the study, the successful instillation rate before and after watching the video was 55.0% and 69.7%, respectively. The use rate of wet wipes for finger disinfection before instillation increased from 0.0% before watching the video to 74.3% after watching the video. After watching the video, the blinking rate after instillation decreased from 95.4 to 45.0%, the rate of pressing the nasolacrimal duct increased from 2.8 to 77.1%, and the rate of wiping the drug solution spilled around the eyes increased from 89.9 to 98.2%. According to the questionnaire, 72.5% of the participants instilled one drop, 22.0% instilled two drops, and 5.5% instilled three drops or more. Watching the video significantly increased the successful instillation rate and improved instillation behavior. Thus, the video created by the authors can be used for online instillation guidance.

World Congress of Perinatal Medicine

SPEAKERS ABSTRACTS The application of super slow review of ultrasound clips to a diagnosis of fetal tachyarrhythmia Name and surname: Jun Yoshimatsu Institution: National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Email: yoshimatsu.jun.hp@ncvc.go.jp Objective Fetal arrhythmias occur in 1–2% of all pregnant cases. Premature atrial contraction (PAC), premature ventricular contraction (PVC) which are clinically benign are relatively common and do not require therapy. In contrast supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), atrial flutter (AFL), ventricular tachycardia which are life-threatening are relatively rare but require treatment. These tachyarrhythmias easily complicate fetal congestive heart failure which can be followed by a fetal death. Thus, prenatal treatment for SVT and AFL is warranted to convert to sinus rhythm. Recently our group demonstrated that protocol-defined transplacental treatment for fetal SVT and AFL was effective and tolerable in 90% of cases. In order to choose the appropriate medication for fetal tachyarrhythmia the accurate diagnosis is important. Because fetal electrocardiography is still not available fetal echocardiography is commonly used for the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia. The M-mode and Doppler echocardiography may achieve prenatal identification of arrhythmic types. The easier method helps more accurate and precise diagnosis of it. Recent advances of ultrasound examination technology allows a high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution at the same time. The image editing of video clips of four chamber view, which is the most easier image plane, is applicable for the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias. We conducted the research to innovate the useful video clip editing method including a super slow motion for the precise diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias. Method From our fetal echocardiography database, 55 fetal echocardiography video clips (35 AFL, 20 SVT) were reviewed. Four chamber view clips of each case were selected. Every clips were edited into 10% speed. One examiner inserted the clip maker at the timing of atrial contraction and ventricular contraction. The intervals between ventricular contraction and atrial contraction were measured. Also the number of times of contraction of atrium and ventricle and their relations were recorded. Results Every contractions of each portion (atrium and ventricle) could be detected easily with edited video clips. The differentiation between AFL and SVT could be done completely by counting the number of contractions of atrium and ventricle. Also the V-A intervals and the A-V intervals could be measured in one hundredth seconds. In all cases, the diagnosis is compatible with that had made postnatally. Conclusion The first step of this study was depended on the examiner’s naked eyes helped by editing application. The accuracy of each steps of this study were satisfactory. This is the preliminary step to conduct the deep learning of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The most important point of using AI is setting up what to teach and how to teach. Our study showed the possibility of the application of AI to make a diagnosis of fetal tachyarrhythmia.

Breaking High-Resolution CNN Bandwidth Barriers With Enhanced Depth-First Execution

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) now also start to reach impressive performance on non-classification image processing tasks, such as denoising, demosaicing, super-resolution, and super slow motion. Consequently, CNNs are increasingly deployed on very high-resolution images. However, the resulting high-resolution feature maps pose unseen requirements on the memory system of neural network processing systems, as on-chip memories are too small to store high-resolution feature maps, while off-chip memories are very costly in terms of I/O bandwidth and power. This paper first shows that the classical layer-by-layer inference approaches are bounded in their external I/O bandwidth versus on-chip memory tradeoff space, making it infeasible to scale up to very high resolutions at a reasonable cost. Next, we demonstrate how an alternative depth-first network computation can reduce I/O bandwidth requirements up to ${>}200\times $ for a fixed on-chip memory size or, alternatively, reduce on-chip memory requirements up to ${>}10\,000\times $ for a fixed I/O bandwidth limitation. We further introduce an enhanced depth-first method, exploiting both line buffers and tiling, to further improve the external I/O bandwidth versus on-chip memory capacity tradeoff and quantify its improvements beyond the current state of the art.

Comparıng The Influence of Force Traınıngs Applıed Wıth Dıfferent Methods

The aim of this study is to examine the influence different models of force trainings on balance values. In the research, 30 volunteer participants including 20 experimental (experiment A, experiment B) and 10 control aged between 18-22 have taken part. Volunteer participants partaking in experiment group have been incorporated into different force trainings of 3 days in a week during eight weeks. Training program 4. It has been modified their 1 maximum ranks (1TM) by being identified again at the end of the week. While the participants taking part in Experiment A (n=10) were given classic force training, those taking part in Experiment B (n=10) were given super slow motion force training. The participants in control group have gone on their routine daily lives. Before and after the training period, the values of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) have been recorded. The values of Skewness & Kurtosis have been looked up to retain whether the datum obtained show normal distribution or not. When Repeated Measure ANOVA (Repeated Measure Anova) test was being applied to identify the differences between groups, Simple Effect Test has been implemented to determine the development level in the group. Significance level has been determined as p< 0.05. According to the results of Repeated measures Anova test, even though the significant change has been seen when the differences in the values of left foot star balance test in both experiment group were compared before and after the training period, a statistically significant difference has been determined in the values of right foot star balance test . According to the Simple Effect Test results, while the increase in the classic force training (experiment A) group is meaningless,it has been found that the increase in Super Slow Motion force training (experiment B) group is statistically meaningful. The results obtained show that classic and super slow motion force trainings have contributed to the development of force after the implementation period. Depending on the force gaining, the development in the values of dynamic balance has been seen. However, depending on string out in terms of time of tending to concentric and eccentric muscular contraction in slow motion force trainings, its influence on balance performance has more come into prominence.

Editors' Foreword

Editors’ Foreword Donald Crafton (bio) and Susan Ohmer (bio) When we first met Hannah Frank, she was still a graduate student at the University of Chicago. She had reached out to Don to discuss an idea she was developing for her PhD thesis, an intensive, material-based method for analyzing classic animated films. We agreed that what she was doing was extending the critical-analytic method of close analysis to its logical end: watching films in super-slow motion or even frame by frame to uncover the anomalies put there—intentionally or accidentally as part of the production process—and to speculate about possible hidden meanings. She was amused to learn that her approach inadvertently had affinities with the “Chicago School” of literary analysis. Derivative of the New Criticism of the 1930s, the English Department focused on “textual analysis, interpretation, and close reading, in lieu of textual historiography, literary history, and literary biography.”1 There the similarity ended, though. Rather than adopting the view of Chicago critics, such as Cleanth Brooks, who purposely excluded historical contexts from their textual exegeses, Frank proposed that these traces revealed the means of production based on industrialized labor and, sometimes, the resistance of workers within the system. These single-frame blips were clues to the times, places, personalities, and purpose of these critically neglected works. A few archive workers might raise an eyebrow at an academic approach that involves examining film frames one at a time, because this, even in this digital age, continues to be an everyday component of many position descriptions. The import of Frank’s approach, and its relevance for archives and archivists, arises from its “forensic analysis” of cartoons as documentary subjects, a kind of slow-viewing that inevitably draws the analyst, the critic, and, eventually, the historian back to the archives. [End Page vi] Before we drag the Steenbecks out of storage, though, anticipating an onslaught of film professors, we acknowledge that Frank’s goal was more ideal than practical; most students who do examine film and media works closely do so using video or even online sources. Aside from the sometimes dubious provenance of this material, have you ever tried scrutinizing a movie on YouTube frame by frame? Good luck. Still, this approach inevitably will become more widely practiced and ultimately will bring “forensic” scholars into archives to examine the objects of their studies in their original formats. Hannah Frank died unexpectedly in 2017, just at the beginning of her career. As Alla Gadassik and Ryan Pierson, two contributors to our Hannah Frank memorial section, suggest, the pursuit of “Frankish frames” has the potential to open up new lines of film text–based close analyses going well beyond their origin in animation studies, especially after her pioneering dissertation will have been published as a book. Other contributors remembering the young scholar are Jen Bircher, Robert Bird, Mariana Johnson, Ian Bryce Jones, Mihaela Mihailova, and Tim Palmer. This issue gravitates toward exposing hidden and suppressed histories. Timothy J. Piper investigates “Where ‘Post-Race’ Happens” in a study of some recent advertising campaigns produced by the National Basketball Association. He examines how the NBA seeks to brand itself with a progressive identity, “as an institutional space in which race is no longer an inhibitor of progress,” yet has ignored or papered over the backsliding attitudes and actions of certain players and owners, resulting in a media-managed past divorced from prevailing racial contexts. “The Hidden History of the American Film Institute,” by Brian Real, sketches the beginnings of that organization in the depths of post–World War II propaganda film production and its roots in the U.S. Information Agency. One conclusion notes the irony that the AFI was never the archive that its image makers cultivated and that, despite continuing claims to be a preservation agency, the institute devotes little funds or efforts toward actual film preservation. Camera!, a movie magazine from the 1920s, is another hidden history, excavated here by Peter Lester. Although an important voice from inside Hollywood in its day, its fortunes rose and fell with those of its vociferously pugnacious editor, Ted Taylor. The ultimate reason for the magazine’s collapse likely was the independent...

MPCM: a hardware coder for super slow motion video sequences

In the last decade, the improvements in VLSI levels and image sensor technologies have led to a frenetic rush to provide image sensors with higher resolutions and faster frame rates. As a result, video devices were designed to capture real-time video at high-resolution formats with frame rates reaching 1,000 fps and beyond. These ultrahigh-speed video cameras are widely used in scientific and industrial applications, such as car crash tests, combustion research, materials research and testing, fluid dynamics, and flow visualization that demand real-time video capturing at extremely high frame rates with high-definition formats. Therefore, data storage capability, communication bandwidth, processing time, and power consumption are critical parameters that should be carefully considered in their design. In this paper, we propose a fast FPGA implementation of a simple codec called modulo-pulse code modulation (MPCM) which is able to reduce the bandwidth requirements up to 1.7 times at the same image quality when compared with PCM coding. This allows current high-speed cameras to capture in a continuous manner through a 40-Gbit Ethernet point-to-point access.

Generation, propagation, and annihilation of metastable patterns

We study the full-time dynamics of the initial value problem, for u ε = u ε ( x , t ) , u t ε = ε 2 u xx ε - F ′ ( u ε ) , x ∈ R , t > 0 , u ε ( x , 0 ) = u 0 ( x ) , x ∈ R , where 0 < ε ⪡ 1 and F ( u ) has global minimum 0 at u = ± 1 . We assume that u 0 ( · ) is bounded, continuous and independent of ε , changes sign finitely many times, and lim inf | x | → ∞ | u 0 ( x ) | > 0 . There are four stages in the dynamics. The first, phase separation of O ( | ln ε | ) long, develops phase regions where u ε ≈ ± 1 . The second, generation of metastable patterns of O ( ε - 1 ) long, allows u ε to enter an O ( e - ℓ / ε ) neighborhood of a standing wave profile near each interface x = z i where ℓ = min i { F ″ ( ± 1 ) ( z i + 1 - z i ) } is the shortest weighted length of phase regions. The third, super-slow motion of interfaces of O ( e ℓ / ε ) long, displays the O ( e - ℓ / ε ) speed interface motion governed by an approximate ode system. The fourth stage, annihilation of interfaces of O ( 1 ) long, interlaces with the third stage. Interfaces annihilate when they are close enough, and after every annihilation, new metastable patterns are developed to restore the super-slow motions of remaining interfaces. Eventually u ε approaches a stable equilibrium which has only one or none interface. The first and third stages have been studied. Here, we provide rigorous analysis for the second and fourth stages. To be self-contained, we also provide simplified analysis for the first and third stages, thereby completing the analytic treatment for the full-time behavior of the dynamics.

Slow Dynamics for the Cahn-Hilliard Equation in Higher Space Dimensions: The Motion of Bubbles

It is known that the Van der Waals‐Cahn‐Hilliard (W‐C‐H) dynamics can be approximated by a Quasi‐static Stefan problem with surface tension. It turns out that the Stefan problem has a manifold of equilibria equal in dimension to that of the domain Ω: any sphere of fixed radius with interface contained in the domain is an equilibrium (indistinguishable from the point of view of the perimeter functional). We resolve this degeneracy by showing that at the W‐C‐H level this manifold is replaced by a quasi‐invariant stable manifold, on which the typical solution preserves its “bubble” like shape until it reaches the boundary. Moreover, we show that the “bubble” moves superslowly. We also obtain an equation that determines those special spheres that correspond to equilibria at the W‐C‐H level. Our work establishes the phenomenon of superslow motion in higher space dimensions in the class of single interface solutions.