Super Core Research Articles

Assessing the structural connectivity of international trade networks along the "Belt and Road".

Assessing the trade network connectivity is essential for understanding the trade network structure, optimizing trade development patterns, and improving uneven trade development along the "Belt and Road" (BRI). From the perspective of connectivity, this paper integrates the frontier algorithms in network science and constructs an analytical framework to identify the mesoscale structures, including the community structure, core-periphery structure, and backbone structure embedded in the network, and further explore the structural connectivity of the BRI trade network. The results show that: (1) The BRI trade network represents a trade pattern of "one superpower, many great powers", with three major trade groups in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Northern Central and Eastern Europe in terms of geographical space. China is the super core of the BRI trade network, and the most considerable trade links are all centred in China. (2) Five distinctive trade blocs have formed in the BRI trade network. Nevertheless, the structure of the trade blocs shows significant geographical proximity, indicating that geographical distance still plays a vital role in the international trade system at the regional scale. (3) The BRI trade network demonstrates a significant core-periphery structure, with apparent trade clustering among the core countries within the trade network. Among them, nine countries led by China constitute the core structure, and the peripheral structure is large, reaching forty-four. (4) The trade links with China constitute the backbone structure of the whole trade network in the BRI region. In addition, the trade links related to energy trade and re-export trade are also crucial components of the BRI backbone structure. Methodologically, the analytical framework proposed for assessing the network structural connectivity has great potential to be widely applied to other disciplines and fields.

Reduction of the core size and power losses by using soft magnetic material for a single-phase induction motor

Induction motors are widely used in our daily life and industrial machines. Single-phase induction motors with small power, manufactured with few horsepowers (HP), are preferred as compressor motors for household refrigerators and air conditioners. This inevitably leads to the lower energy consumption of compressor systems and requirements for a more compact design. In this study, a single-phase induction motor manufactured with classical core material for a certain power value is modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) software and the power losses are investigated. Later, this electric motor is designed with 6.5% SiFe jfe super core material, one of the soft magnetic core materials, for the same power value and comparative performance studies are performed. In these comparisons, mechanical volume and weight for the motor dimensions, electrical power losses and electromagnetic parameters are studied. It is therefore recommended that the jfe super core material, which has become popular in recent years, be used for the manufacture of single-phase induction motors, which are often used in household appliances.

The Structural Relationship between Core Competencies, Career Adaptability, and Career Barriers of College Students

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between college students' SUPER core competencies, career adaptability, and career barriers, so that college students can recognize the linkage between core competencies for career development and education in the future. For this purpose, SUPER core competencies, career adaptability, and career barriers were measured for 309 university students at J University. The measured results were analyzed with a structural equation model using the SPSS ver 25.0 and AMOS ver 25.0 programs. The analysis results are as follows: First, some core competencies were higher among female students than male students, high in medical science colleges, and low in business colleges. The age problem of career barriers was higher in male students and third year students, and the lack of job information, lack of interest and future anxiety were higher in medical science colleges and lower in culture and tourism colleges. Second, the ‘skewness’ and ‘kurtosis’ criteria were satisfied by verifying whether each variable satisfied the normal distribution. Also, the correlation of each variable showed that core competency and career adaptability had a positive relationship, core competency had a negative relationship with career barriers, and career adaptability and career barriers had a negative relationship. Third, as a result of analyzing the estimability and fit of the structural regression model for the verification of the research model, a good fit was shown, and the suitability of each variable was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Fourth, the core competency for career adaptability was statistically significant and had an explanatory power of 49.8%. Core competencies for career barriers were not statistically significant. Career adaptability to career barriers was statistically significant and had an explanatory power of 37.8%. This means that the higher the level of core competencies, the higher the career adaptability, and the higher the career adaptability, the lower the career barriers. Based on the results of this study, the conclusions are summarized as follows. First, there are differences in some factors of SUPER core competency, career adaptability, and career barriers according to gender and major. Thus, an approach to core competency and career barriers by gender and college is required. Second, universities should provide opportunities to college students through subjects and non-course curriculum so that they can achieve the core competencies required in the society of the 4<sup>th</sup> Industrial Revolution. Third, in order to strengthen and improve the core competencies of college students, it is also necessary for instructors to inform college students of a system that can recognize what core competencies are lacking, as well as to enlighten them on specific methods and guidelines for their cultivation.

Design and Development of High-Performance 3kW Electric Vehicle Grade Switched Reluctance Motor

The growth of Electric Vehicles (EV) moving towards to go green in the world. The high cost of EVs mainly depends on an electric motor. The Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) speed-torque characteristics are perfectly suited for EV drive. Compared to other poly-phase machines, the SRM has high performance, magnet less, fault-tolerant, and high durability. The design has been carried out on electric vehicle grade modelling with different super core materials. This paper proposes the rating of 3kW, 3500rpm, and 8/6 topology by selecting stator and rotor optimal geometric parameters to design an efficient SRM configuration. The design step analyses the flux distribution uniform materials to analyze the performance of flux density, power, torque density, losses, efficiency, and torque ripple analysis. The finite element analysis is comparatively selected to improve the accuracy of material simulation for EV-SRM using Ansys Maxwell software to optimize the design for weight reduction, changing induction to reduce the acoustic noise.

Super Core Magnetic Material based Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications

In recent days, the proliferation of environmental effect from the industries like electric vehicles, automation become more popular. Compared to induction and permanent magnet motors, the Switched reluctance motor have rugged construction, less torque ripple and acoustic noise So, the motivation of this research is to design Switched reluctance motor (SRM) for Electric vehicle applications using super core magnetic material. The design has been carried out on the SRM machine configuration of 8/6, 0.55kW and 1500RPM. The designed parameters are validated through the Finite Element analysis (FEM) using the Ansys Maxwell Software. The flux has distributed uniformly to reduce the losses. In order to get the accurate results, the Electromagnetics 17.2 software is used to analyse the desirable characteristics of Switched reluctance motor such as flux linkage, losses and efficiency.

Preliminary Core Design Study of Small Supercritical Fast Reactor with Single-Pass Cooling

A supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) adopts a once-through direct cycle, which is compatible with a small modular reactor class (SMR) plant system. The core is cooled by supercritical light water, which does not exhibit phase change, but undergoes large temperature and density changes. A super fast reactor (Super FR) is a fast reactor type concept of SCWR. Unlike other SCWR core concepts, it adopts the single coolant pass flow scheme, in which the coolant passes the core only once from the bottom to the top without any reverse flows or preheating stages. In the meantime, reducing the core size tends to increase the core power peaking and reduce criticality. Therefore, the key issues with the small Super FR core design is reducing the core power peaking and achieving high average core outlet temperature with the single coolant pass scheme. This study aims to highlight the design issues through conceptual core designs of SMR class Super FR. To evaluate the core characteristics, three-dimensional coupled core calculations are carried out. The proposed design with small fuel assemblies, which are equivalent to those of boiling water reactors, attains a high core average outlet temperature of about 500 °C, which is compatible to that of typical large SCWR core design.

Individual Weighted Excess and Least Square Values

This work deals with the weighted excesses of players in cooperative games which are obtained by summing up all the weighted excesses of all coalitions to which they belong. We first show that lexicographically minimizing the individual weighted excesses of players gives the same minimal weighted excess for every player. Moreover, we show that the associated payoff vector is the corresponding least square value. Second, we show that minimizing the variance of the players' weighted excesses on the preimputation set, again yields the corresponding least square value. Third, we show that these results give rise to lower and upper bounds for the core payoff vectors and, using these bounds, we define the weighted super core as a polyhedron that contains the core. It turns out that the least square values can be seen as a center of this weighted super core, giving a third new characterization of the least square values. Finally, these lower and upper bounds for the core inspire us to introduce a new solution for cooperative TU games that has a strong similarity with the Shapley value.

A Study on the Development of Self-perception Diagnostic Tool for the SUPER Core Competency of J University

A Study on the Development of Self-perception Diagnostic Tool for the SUPER Core Competency of J University

Travel group member type effects in wine tourism: an ECHAID segmentation

ABSTRACTThe intense social nature of wine tourism is widely acknowledged. Yet there is a paucity of research examining the nature of travel groups and, more specifically, the relationship(s) between the motivations that drive them to visit wine tourism destinations. Our study is the first to examine these relationships in combination with motivation-based segmentation. Utilising a sample of 994 respondents drawn from three states in the USA’s mid-Atlantic region, and applying the ECHAID classification tree method, a robust segmentation solution is derived. Five segments merit further investigation of which three exhibit response rates of 80% plus and profile lifts of 1.32 or higher. These segments include respondents who: live in a household with at least one other wine drinker and either purchased mid-Atlantic wine and were a super core wine drinker (segment 2), did not purchase mid-Atlantic wine but did buy cases of wine (segment 4), or were single/the only adult in the household who drank wine, purchased mid-Atlantic wine, and were male (segment 6). We conclude that the relationship nature between members of visit groups influences motivation-based segmentation and socio-demographic group interaction effects exist in wine tourism. Practical implications of the findings are discussed and future research directions identified.

Pan-Genomic Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reflecting the Primary/Secondary Genes, Generality/Individuality, and the Interconversion Through Copy Number Variations.

Tuberculosis (TB) has surpassed HIV as the leading infectious disease killer worldwide since 2014. The main pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), contains ~4,000 genes that account for ~90% of the genome. However, it is still unclear which of these genes are primary/secondary, which are responsible for generality/individuality, and which interconvert during evolution. Here we utilized a pan-genomic analysis of 36 Mtb genomes to address these questions. We identified 3,679 Mtb core (i.e., primary) genes, determining their phenotypic generality (e.g., virulence, slow growth, dormancy). We also observed 1,122 dispensable and 964 strain-specific secondary genes, reflecting partially shared and lineage-/strain-specific individualities. Among which, five L2 lineage-specific genes might be related to the increased virulence of the L2 lineage. Notably, we discovered 28 Mtb “Super Core Genes” (SCGs: more than a copy in at least 90% strains), which might be of increased importance, and reflected the “super phenotype generality.” Most SCGs encode PE/PPE, virulence factors, antigens, and transposases, and have been verified as playing crucial roles in Mtb pathogenicity. Further investigation of the 28 SCGs demonstrated the interconversion among SCGs, single-copy core, dispensable, and strain-specific genes through copy number variations (CNVs) during evolution; different mutations on different copies highlight the delicate adaptive-evolution regulation amongst Mtb lineages. This reflects that the importance of genes varied through CNVs, which might be driven by selective pressure from environment/host-adaptation. In addition, compared with Mycobacterium bovis (Mbo), Mtb possesses 48 specific single core genes that partially reflect the differences between Mtb and Mbo individuality.

Engineered Promoters for Potent Transient Overexpression

The core promoter, which is generally defined as the region to which RNA Polymerase II is recruited to initiate transcription, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. The core promoter consists of different combinations of several short DNA sequences, termed core promoter elements or motifs, which confer specific functional properties to each promoter. Earlier studies that examined the ability to modulate gene expression levels via the core promoter, led to the design of strong synthetic core promoters, which combine different core elements into a single core promoter. Here, we designed a new core promoter, termed super core promoter 3 (SCP3), which combines four core promoter elements (the TATA box, Inr, MTE and DPE) into a single promoter that drives prolonged and potent gene expression. We analyzed the effect of core promoter architecture on the temporal dynamics of reporter gene expression by engineering EGFP expression vectors that are driven by distinct core promoters. We used live cell imaging and flow cytometric analyses in different human cell lines to demonstrate that SCPs, particularly the novel SCP3, drive unusually strong long-term EGFP expression. Importantly, this is the first demonstration of long-term expression in transiently transfected mammalian cells, indicating that engineered core promoters can provide a novel non-viral strategy for biotechnological as well as gene-therapy-related applications that require potent expression for extended time periods.

Usage rate segmentation: enriching the US wine market profile

The purpose of this research is to enrich our knowledge of the US wine market and provide insights into how usage rate segmentation can be enhanced by select innovative perspectives of current offerings. Data were collected through a 15-minute online survey of 910 US wine drinkers randomly selected from a panel of consumers. It was found that the “super core” segment not only drank wine more frequently, but also were more likely to drink other types of alcohol presented (beer, distilled spirits, and ready-to-drink cocktails), and at a greater frequency, “at least once a week” and “about once a week”, than “marginal” drinkers. Differences between usage rate segments existed between sex and age generations. Female millennial “super core” consumers would increase wine consumption if the number of calories were reduced to fewer than 80 per 5 oz serving. Practical implications for a winery or wine retailer might include the potential to add these beverages to their product offering or bundling these beverages to create packages (allowing for mass customization, which is used often in retail) and appropriately marketing these offerings to their customers. Changes that may invoke a positive response are wine made from “sustainably farmed” or “naturally farmed” grapes, and certified carbon-free wine. From an originality viewpoint, this study is the first to investigate how usage rate segmentation can be enriched by means of variable cross-extension and examination.

Screening of Wild Strawberry Genotypes against Iron Deficiency under Greenhouse Conditions

The cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. is the natural hybrid of F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. and F. virginiana Mill. The progenitor species have high genetic diversity compared with the cultivated genotypes; therefore, the use of wild relative in F. chiloensis breeding could provide a good for broadening the available genetic variations of cultivated species. In present study, 13 genotypes selected from strawberry super core collection were tested under Fe (-) and Fe (+) conditions for their response against Fe deficiency conditions in a growth medium (GM) (soil + sand + perlite), potentially able to simulate the actual GM in nature. SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels of the leaf, shoot dry matter yield, Fe-efficiency rate, shoot total and active Fe concentrations were determined to evaluate the resistance levels of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. Results of this study indicated that different response for strawberry subspecies and genotypes of the same subspecies grown in GM against Fe deficiency. Symptom for Fe deficiency of genotypes varied between 1-5, SPAD-meter readings 3, shoot dry matter yields and shoot Fe concentrations varied between 6.5-38, 1.02-6.06 g plant-1 and 41.8-233.1 mg kg-1 respectively. Iron-efficiencies of genotypes were found between 58–98%. Strawberry subspecies, F. virginiana spp. glauca, F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis and F. chiloensis ssp. pacifica showed Fe-efficiency values of 93.8, 79.5 and 79.1% respectively. We concluded that shoot growth performance, Fe intake from GM, transfer of Fe from roots to shoots, shoot Fe-use efficiency, Fe deficiency symptom levels and SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels were significant parameters to evaluate the resistance of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. The most Fe-efficient genotypes belonging to F. virginiana spp. glauca could be used in breeding programs aiming at developing new strawberry genotypes suitable for growing under Fe deficient conditions.

Research on the Construction Technology of Composite Floor of Super High-Rise Core Tube Copestone and Steel Composite Wide-Flat Beam of Hollow Steel Tube and its Application

Based on the F2-4 project in Zhujiang New Town of Guangzhou, this paper studies the construction scheme, process principle, technology requirement, etc, of super high-rise core tube copestone and the composite floor of steel composite wide-flat beam of hollow steel tube in order to guarantee the advanced technology, reasonable economy, good quality and excellent performance of the construction scheme. This research could lay a good foundation for the construction of the similar projects in the future.

Singularity-Free Superstar as an Alternative to Black Hole and Gravastar

Singularity-free superstar is proposed as a model for the collapse of large stars and for GRBs, and as an alternative to black hole and gravastar. Similar to a superconductor, a superstar contains extreme force fields that have non-zero momentum and non-zero wavelength to prevent the inactivation of force field at absolute zero and singularity (infinite interacting energy) at infinite density, respectively, based on the uncertainty principle. Emerging only at an extremely low temperature above absolute zero or an extremely high density below infinite density, extreme force fields are shortrange, and located in between a particle and its ordinary force fields (electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravitational forces) to prevent the inactivation of force fields at absolute zero and singularity (infinite interacting energy) at infinite density in ordinary force fields. Extreme force fields are manifested as the bonds among electrons in a superconductor and among atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. When the stellar core of a large star reaches the critical extreme density during the stellar collapse, the stellar core is transformed into the super matter core with extreme force fields and ordinary force fields without singularity. A pre-superstar contains the super matter core, the ordinary matter region, and the thin phase boundary between the super matter core and the ordinary matter region. The stellar collapse increases the super matter core by converting the in falling ordinary energy and matter from the ordinary matter region into the super matter, and decreases the ordinary matter region. Eventually, the stellar breakup occurs to detach the ordinary matter region and the phase boundary from the super matter core, resulting in GRB to account for the observed high amount of gamma rays and the observed complex light curves in GRBs. Unlike black holes and gravastars that lose information, singularity-free superstars that keep all information exist.

地震災害復旧のための港湾物流におけるコア技能者の研究

This paper shows the definition and the usefulness of "Core Technicians" for realizing prompt restoration of port logistics from earthquake disaster. In order to clarify the technicians for restoring from the earthquake disaster, inquiries were made to collect qualifications and licenses of the technicians along with their residential locations. Applying Quantification Type III and Cluster Analysis, four types of Core Technicians were identified, corresponding to four levels of the initial restoration work. They are named as "Super Core", "Longshoring Core", "Stevedoring Core", and "Container Core". Introduction of these Core Technicians is useful not only for increasing the number of secured technicians after the earthquake disaster but also useful for developing framework to estimate the number of cargo handling technicians for transporting emergency goods.

Improvement of Super Low Core-Loss Soft Magnetic Materials

In the previous work, we reported a P/M soft magnetic material with super low core loss value of W10/1k = 68 W/kg which is lower than that of 0.35mm-thick flat rolled soft magnetic laminated steel sheets. But this material lack of strength characteristics due to spherical particles produced by a gas-atomizing method. That is, the value of transverse rupture strength (TRS) was only 20MPa when a non-hygroscopicity resin was used as binder. In order to achieve both low core loss and high strength, the iron powder (shape, surface morphology) and binder strength was improved, and we were able to obtain a material with TRS of 80 MPa and core loss (W10/1k) of 108 W/kg of. Furthermore, by using this binder system, we were able to obtain a TRS of over 50MPa for the material with spherical particles (W10/1k = 81 W/kg).

九州大学ものづくりスーパー中核人材育成事業

九州大学ものづくりスーパー中核人材育成事業

Rational design of a super core promoter that enhances gene expression

Transcription is a critical component in the expression of genes. Here we describe the design and analysis of a potent core promoter, termed super core promoter 1 (SCP1), which directs high amounts of transcription by RNA polymerase II in metazoans. SCP1 contains four core promoter motifs-the TATA box, initiator (Inr), motif ten element (MTE) and downstream promoter element (DPE)-in a single promoter, and is distinctly stronger than the cytomegalovirus (CMV) IE1 and adenovirus major late (AdML) core promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Each of the four core promoter motifs is needed for full SCP1 activity. SCP1 is bound efficiently by TFIID and exhibits a high propensity to form productive transcription complexes. SCP1 and related super core promoters (SCPs) with multiple core promoter motifs will be useful for the biophysical analysis of TFIID binding to DNA, the biochemical investigation of the transcription process and the enhancement of gene expression in cells.

The Large‐ and Small‐Scale Structures of Dust in the Star‐forming Perseus Molecular Cloud

We present an analysis of ~3.5 deg2 of submillimeter continuum and extinction data of the Perseus molecular cloud. We identify 58 clumps in the submillimeter map, and we identify 39 structures ("cores") and 11 associations of structures ("super cores") in the extinction map. The cumulative mass distributions of the submillimeter clumps and extinction cores have steep slopes (α ~ 2 and 1.5-2, respectively), steeper than the Salpeter initial mass function (IMF; α = 1.35), while the distribution of extinction super cores has a shallow slope (α ~ 1). Most of the submillimeter clumps are well fit by stable Bonnor-Ebert spheres with 10 K < T < 19 K and 5.5 <(Pext/k) < 6.0. The clumps are found only in the highest column density regions (AV > 5-7 mag), although Bonnor-Ebert models suggest that we should have been able to detect them at lower column densities if they exist. These observations provide a stronger case for an extinction threshold than that found in analysis of less sensitive observations of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud (Johnstone et al.). The relationship between submillimeter clumps and their parent extinction core has been analyzed. The submillimeter clumps tend to lie offset from the larger extinction peaks, suggesting that the clumps formed via an external triggering event, consistent with previous observations.