Sundry Techniques Research Articles

Construction of magnetic Fe2O3-Decorated electroactive Poly(amic acid) composites as recyclable Catalysts: Increased loading of gold Nanoparticles, Controlled Size, and Accelerated catalytic reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

Nanocomposites are widely used in heterogeneous catalysts in the field of water treatment, which exhibit controllable structural advantages and synergistic effects between their components further enhancing catalytic activity. In the current research, we developed the Au nanoparticles immobilized magnetic γ-Fe2O3/Electroactive Poly (amic acid) composite (6Au/EPAA-Fe2O3) prepared by using the in-situ redox reaction strategy. Sundry techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM/HR-TEM, CV, and XPS analysis have been applied to explain the chemical structure and morphology of as-synthesized composites. The catalytic performance of the catalyst during the reduction of 4-nitrophenol using NaBH4 as a hydrogen donor was assessed in an aqueous medium at room temperature. Attractively, 6Au/EPAA-Fe2O3 composite exhibits superior catalytic performance, which completes the reduction of 4-NP within the 50 s. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constants were estimated as 3.0 × 10-2 s−1 for the reduction of 4-NP. Furthermore, the 6Au/EPAA-Fe2O3 composite has excellent stability and reproducibility of 10 consecutive runs by using an external magnet without loss of catalytic activity.

Impacts of two-stage drying techniques on drying characteristics, physical and nutritional quality of maize

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of two-stage drying techniques on drying characteristics and selected physical parameters, colour, and nutritional qualities of dried maize. To execute this study, the maize sample was dried by (i) fluidized bed drying at 120–160 °C temperatures followed by sun drying at 32 °C (Technique 1), (ii) fluidized bed drying using higher temperatures (120, 140, and 160 °C) at first stage followed by lower temperature (65±2 °C) at the second-stage (Technique 2), and (iii) sun drying method (∼32 °C) (control). Results signposted that lower drying time was attained in the second approach (1.5 h) compared to the drying Technique 1 (4.5 h) while the sun drying method took 10 h for plummeting high moisture (25.43%, wb) to a safe level (<14%, wb). Data analysis revealed that the dried product's bulk density and porosity diverged between two-stage drying and sun drying techniques. The colour properties of the dried products changed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with the drying arrangements. The results of nutritional values of the dried product did not change significantly with the first-stage drying temperature but did change significantly with the drying techniques. Even though both techniques yielded almost the same quality dried product, Technique 2 is superior for rapid drying. Therefore, the proposed two-stage drying techniques can be familiarized as alternative drying for high-moisture maize in a commercial drying complex.

Ground-Motion Similarities in the Valley of Mexico from Subduction Earthquakes

ABSTRACT Since the eighties, several subduction earthquakes on the Mexican Pacific coast have been recorded at accelerometric networks in the Valley of Mexico (VM). Such are the cases of the 19 September 1985 M 8.1 Michoacán earthquake and the recent 7 September 2021 M 7.1 Guerrero earthquake. These events have caused from minor damages to widespread structural collapses in the VM. The vertical ground motion recorded at several sites in the VM clearly show recurrent Rayleigh wavetrains, which present similar characteristics in period, amplitude, and duration among stations. These characteristics are very stable in space and time. On the other hand, the corresponding horizontal ground motion are strongly affected by the surface geology of the valley because of the shear wave-energy trapped at the uppermost soft layers. In addition, the horizontal response at several soft-ground sites displays significant azimuthal effects. Based on these observations, we analyze thrust-faulting subduction earthquakes that occurred along the Mexican Pacific coast from Michoacán to Chiapas states, all recorded at the VM accelerometric networks. We identified similarities in the vertical and horizontal ground motion not only among stations but also between seismic events recorded at the same station. The local generation of surface waves is studied using a kinematic analysis in the frequency–wavenumber domain (f-k), and sundry techniques in frequency and time domains. As a preliminary explanation, our analysis suggests that azimuthal effects related to thrust faulting subduction earthquakes strongly influence the local generation of surface waves affecting the 3D response of the valley. Moreover, for all earthquakes in all stations, our results show that while the vertical ground motion is similar and its amplifications are small and governed by earthquake size, the two horizontal components reveal strong site effects.

The Effects of Various Drying Techniques on Physicochemical and Nutritional Qualities of (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Roselle Calyx

The calyx of the roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has been extensively studied for its anthocyanins. Roselle calyces are exceedingly perishable, making the process of drying and extracting them without sacrificing quality quite difficult. Similarly, there are several commercial drying procedures available, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks on nutritional and physicochemical qualities in the final product. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of sun, oven and freeze drying on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of roselle calyx. The antioxidant (%RSA), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and their HPLC identification, physicochemical as well as proximate composition were determined. The results showed that freeze drying increased the drying rate significantly and retained the antioxidant activity (32 mg/100 g QE) then fresh calyx, sun and oven drying, freeze-dried calyx also have higher TAC (176.9 mg/l) than sun and oven dried calyx, the HPLC analysis revealed two anthocyanidin cyanidine glucoside and cyanidin glucoside. phytochemicals and proximate of roselle calyces were higher in freeze-dried than oven and sun drying techniques employed. The findings demonstrated that freeze drying the roselle calyces preserve their quality characteristics.

Dual method cryptography image by two force secure and steganography secret message in IoT

With the go on the evolution of both computer and internet technology, videos, sounds, and scripts are used more and more often. It can be used in sundry techniques in ciphering and data concealing. The objective of this paper is leading to the suggestion of a new method of the combination between encryption and concealment of information so as to make it difficult to identify the transmitted datavia networks. This study has used two force secure (2FS) to encrypt the images, in other words, the SF is frequent twice on the image, to obtain powerful encryption then the concealing of the secret message is done inside the cryptography of the image has been performed using a secret key (cosine curve), and this stego-encryption image has been transformed forthe Internet of things storage in the database in IoT (data flow), when the user needs any information can be access inviaof internet of things (IoTs). The outcome of the proposed system is obtained tobe evaluated through different measures, such aspeak signal noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), entropy,correlation coefficient, and histogram. The proposed system is good, efficient, fast, has high security, robustness, and transparency.

Switching Losses Analysis of a Constructed Solar DC-DC Static Boost Converter

The DC-DC converter is majorly used in several renewable energy applications. It is usually relevant in a hard-switching operating mode at the cost of increasing power losses and declining efficiency. Power losses are comprised of switching losses and conduction losses, which affect the reliability and speed up the aging of the switch. Therefore, soft-switching techniques are inescapable to reduce electromagnetic interference EMI, minimize losses, and enhance power conversion efficiency. Among the sundry techniques of soft-switching, passive snubbers are uncomplicated and vigorous, besides it has been spotlighted as a finer alternative compared to the active snubbers that involve extra switches and an additional control circuit. This paper investigates the power loss of a conventional solar DC-DC static converter designed and controlled through Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). It evaluates the switch's temperature in the hard-switching operating mode. Besides, this paper presents a new research initiative that aims to allow a zero switching and stabilizing the temperature of the switch through a novel approach of design for RLD and RCD snubber cells. This new design allows the switch to achieve soft-switching, by abolishing the voltage stress, minimizing the power losses, and stabilizing the junction temperature. This snubber has a simple structure with a few components and ease of control, which helps to upgrade the power conversion efficiency through controlling the high voltage and current stress in the switch. In this treatise, elements of the snubber are designed and adjusted for maximum reliability through the simulation in OrCAD environment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the model is approved through experimental results on a 1600 W conventional boost to validate the proposal.

Effect of Drying Techniques on Nutrition Content and Gross Energy of Nuabosi Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Flour

This reseach aimed to determine the proper cassava drying technique to produce suitable flour properties for food product applications. The method used was proximate analysis and calculation of Gross Energy (GE) value. Furthermore, the results of the study were analyzed using the Two Way ANOVA statistical test followed by the real difference test using the Tukey analysis. Results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two drying techniques (α&gt;0.05). To get good quality flour in the application of food products made from Nuabosi cassava flour is to use oven drying and sun drying techniques. The novelty of this study is that there has been no previous research on the quality of Nuabosi cassava flour using oven drying and sun drying techniques. The benefit of this research is to support the government in the food diversification program on foods made from Nuabosi cassava flour, where Nuabosi cassava is one of the leading types of food in Ende district.

KERAGAAN SISTEM AGRIBISNIS KAKAO (Theobroma Cacao) DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA

The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the cocoa agribusiness system in the North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research was carried out for 6 months from January to June 2018. Theresearch location was chosen purposively where Kaidipang District and Bolaang Itang District were the centers of cocoa production in North Sulawesi. The samples taken were all members of the two Farmer Groups selected from the two selected sub-districts namely the Tolerant Farmers Group and the Advanced Advanced Farmers Group. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with 16 respondents from the Joint Advanced Farmers Group and 19 respondents from the Tolerant Farmers Group so that the total respondents were 35 people. Interviews are conducted based on a list of questions that have been prepared previously. Direct observations are also made regarding plant cultivation and maintenance activities. Secondary data was obtained from the relevant agencies regarding the production data and the size area of cocoa land obtained from the Plantation Office and the Central Statistics Agency. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that upstream agribusiness agri-business activities in the form of use of sprayers, scissors, knives, lawn mowers, fertilizers and pesticides. The activities of the agriproduction subsystem in the form of cultivation techniques include the use of production facilities and cultivation technologies such as continuous entries. On subsystem activity. downstream agri industry, farmers are still in a simple stage where fruit processing still uses sun-drying techniques. While in the farmer'sagricultural system activities, it sells cocoa to village traders and district traders. The supporting subsystem has not yet worked on all subsystems, as in the subsystem of the management role of the supporting institutions it has not played a role in causing farmers to only be price recipients. The cocoa agribusiness system has occured but has not worked efficiently.*eprm*

Palladium nanoparticles decorated on amine functionalized graphene nanosheets as excellent nanocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrophenols to aminophenol counterparts.

We reported the improved catalytic property of Pd (0) nanoparticles decorated on amine-functionalized graphene nanosheets (Pd/GNS-NH2) for the hydrogenation of nitrophenol derivatives in the presence of NaBH4 at moderate conditions. Pd/GNS-NH2 nanocatalyst was synthesized by the deposition-reduction method. Sundry techniques such as ICP-OES, P-XRD, XPS, TEM, HR-TEM and EDX have been applied to explain the structure and morphology of the Pd/GNS-NH2 nanocatalyst. The results show that the Pd (0) nanoparticles are perfectly dispersed on the surface of the GNS-NH2 support material (dmean = 1.38-2.63 nm). The catalytic activity of the Pd/GNS-NH2 nanocatalyst was tested in the hydrogenation of nitrophenol derivatives in water in the presence of NaBH4 as reductant and the excellent activity of nanocatalyst have been detected against 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol derivatives with 116.8, 65.9, 42.8 and 11.4 min-1 initial TOF values, respectively. Another important point is that the nanocatalyst has very high reusability performance (at 5th reuse between 71.5 and 91.5%) for the hydrogenation of nitrophenols. Finally, catalytic studies have been carried out at various temperatures to calculate the Ea, ΔH≠ and ΔS≠.

Characterization and Biological Properties of Dry Fermented Product (Jameed) Manufactured from Cow Milk: Comparison of Sun and Freeze Drying

The effect of sun or freeze drying techniques on the chemical, nutritional and biological properties of either unsalted or salted cow milk jameed was studied. The products were characterized for: yield, composition, fatty acid profile and bioactivity. The highest yield (51.38%) was obtained in salted sun-dried jameed. New major bands were detected in unsalted jameed prepared by either sun drying or freeze drying from cow milk compared with salted jameed prepared by either sun drying or freeze drying. Preparation of unsalted sun-dried jameed increased the protein (63.5g/100g) and carbohydrate (29.5g/100g) contents, and reduced the fat (2.7g/100g) and ash (4.4g/100g) contents. Optimum color values were found in sun-dried salted jameed from cow milk. Preparation of jameed either with use or without use of salt treatments in sun drying techniques of cow milk may increase the content of short chain fatty acids.

The translator as an Intercultural Mediator. Translation and Cultural Influences

Intercultural communication and translation seem to have enjoyed increasing attention in the last decade. The growing interest, however, was not generated by any new phenomena since direct and mediated forms of communication between people of different mother tongues and from various cultural groups have existed for many centuries as a fact of life. Based on certain selected examples of proverbs, idiomatic expressions, realia, movie titles, body language, and slang translated from English into Polish, this paper aims to show how translation and culture are inextricably intertwined and to examine and highlight the significant role the translator plays in facilitating intercultural interaction and understanding. The discussion will clearly illustrate translation pitfalls and emphasize the importance of gaining some knowledge about the culture one attempts to communicate with. The study will analyse how the translator, as an intercultural mediator, systematizes and generalizes the process of translation. The translator’s job does not consist solely in finding equivalent words in the target language. In fact, the most accurate translations will take into account many factors: intercultural differences, linguistic subtleties, language evolution and origin, as demonstrated by phrases such as proverbs, idiomatic expressions, proper nouns, etc. Various cultural influences will remain untranslatable and pose a serious challenge to any translator, sometimes inadvertently leading to incomprehension or misunderstanding at best or unintentional insult at worst. Therefore, the need to acquire knowledge about other cultures, their history and heritage remains crucial. A competent translator should apply sundry techniques that would help him avoid mistakes and efficiently handle intercultural dissimilarities. Research into the lexical content and syntax of the target language along with its ideologies or value systems represents just one of the many strategies applied with a view to resolving difficulties that accompany intercultural translation. Translation, i.e. transposition of ideas expressed in one language by one social group into appropriate expressions of another group, entails a process of cultural decoding, re-coding and en-coding. As cultures increasingly come into closer contact, multicultural considerations are brought to bear to an ever greater degree. The purpose of this paper is to prove that intercultural interaction represents an important aspect of translation, a process that goes beyond transferring the sheer meaning of words from one language into another. The study of the complexity of both the translation and intercultural communication requires an interdisciplinary approach. Thus, and by building on shared commonalities and differences in the focus, methods, and concepts, both Translation Studies and Intercultural Communication Studies can successfully develop as independent disciplines.

Fibre, ash and ascorbic acid status of dried tomotoes marketed in Owerri, Imo-state

Dried tomatoes sourced from Gashua, Gombe and Zaria, but marketed in Owerri, Imo State were analysed for their crude fibre, ash and ascorbic acid content. The samples from Gashua and Gombe had lower percentage crude fibre content (13.37% and 13.20%) than the samples from Zaria (17.21%). The same was the case for the ascorbic acid content-Gashua (41.79%), Gombe (59.19%) and Zaria (63.29%). The reverse was the case with percentage ash content were Zaria samples had the least value (15.40%), Gombe (17.69%) and Gashua (18.65%). No significant differences existed between Gashua and Gombe samples for the percentage crude content. However, significant differences (P=0.05) existed between Gashua and Gombe samples; and between Gombe and Zaria samples. No significant differences existed amongst all the three samples for the percentage ash content, while significant differences existed amongst all three samples for the ascorbic acid content. Sources of variation in the nutrient status are identified as high moisture content of the dried tomatoes, nature of soil, lack of suphiting in drying process and overheating in packages. Hygienic sundrying techniques and proper packaging are suggested. Keywords: dried tomatoes, nutrients, moisture, package. International Journal of Agriculture and Development Vol. 9 2007: pp. 117-119