Summer Stock Research Articles

Early Transport Patterns and Influencing Factors of Different Stocks of Uroteuthis edulis in the East China Sea.

Uroteuthis edulis (U. edulis) is an important economic loliginid resource in the East China Sea (ECS). Its flexible life history traits enable the population to quickly adapt to changes in habitat. Understanding the early transport process helps us to grasp the habitat requirements of populations at key life history stages. In this study, particle tracing was used to simulate the early transport trajectories (within 120 days). The gradient forest method (GFM) and generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to analyze the key environmental variables that affect the early transport trajectories and the impact of environmental factors on the transport process, respectively. The results showed that spring stock tracers were transported to the northeast of the release area (Pengjiayu water) and the Pacific side of Japan. Summer stock tracers were transported to the north and northeast of the release area (Zhoushan island). Current velocity, salinity, and temperature were key environmental variables that affected the trace element ratios of spring stock at early life history stages. Mixed-layer depth (MLD), velocity, and chlorophyll a concentration (Chla) were key environmental variables for summer stock. Zonal velocity was positively correlated with the trace element ratio for spring and summer stock (0.14-0.16 m/s), while the meridional velocity showed an opposite correlation. The physical driving mechanisms of the Kuroshio warm current (or the Taiwan warm current) and the Yangtze River determine the paralarva retention location during early transportation. The differences in the dominant factors of the water environment in the retention area may affect the paralarva physiological functions and food availability. This study provides a scientific basis for a comprehensive understanding of the migration characteristics of U. edulis with different stocks.

SURVEY ON ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF NOVEL CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) SECOND WAVE PANDEMIC ON FISHERIES SECTOR IN INDIA

In India second wave lockdown is a unrivalled shock for the economy and health systems. Lockdown has been officially started from 7th April ,2021 which is most important time for harvesting and summer stocking in pond. Fisheries sector has been recognized as an important sector in the economic growth of India. This working paper aims to describe the multi directional economic impact of the fisheries sector from this pandemic. I conducted wireless survey through mobile phone collected information from different stakeholders of different agricultural zones of INDIA to asses impact of pandemic situation in fisheries sector.COVID-19 has been affected in different areas of fisheries sector including reduction in price , problem in imports and exports, reduction of consumption also pandemic leads to recover in some ecosystems due to global”Anthropause”.

Age, growth, and population characteristics of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea

Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830) is one of the important economic squid resources in the South China Sea. The composition, age, and growth pattern of its spawning population are the basis for understanding its life history. The samples of squid were collected from the South China Sea with light falling-net fishing vessels in spring, summer, and autumn of 2019 in the study. The age information of statoliths was analyzed to explore the sexual differences among various populations and growth patterns. Mantle length and body weight of the summer fishing stock were significantly different from those of the autumn fishing stock and spring fishing stock (P< 0.05) and also showed significant sexual differences (P< 0.05). The body weight–mantle length relationship was significantly different between the samples respectively caught in spring and summer (P< 0.05). The age of statoliths and inverse calculation results indicated that the dominant age range was 170 to 210 d. The age distribution showed no significant sexual difference among sampling stations (P> 0.05). The peak hatching periods were respectively June to August, September to November, and January to February. The spawning stocks of summer, autumn, and winter were the dominant spawning stocks. Both mantle length and body weight of the summer stock were best fitted with exponential curves, whereas mantle length and body weight of the autumn stock were fitted with von-Bertalanffy and logistic curves, respectively. Within 160∼260 d, the growth rates of mantle length and body weight of the autumn stock were the largest. The growth rates of mantle length and body weight of S. oualaniensis were significantly different among the three stocks respectively caught in summer, autumn, and winter.

Narwhal Abundance in the Eastern Canadian High Arctic in 2013

In summer, narwhals (Monodon monoceros) migrate from Baffin Bay to northeastern Canada and northwest Greenland, where they are hunted by Inuit for subsistence. To prevent localized depletion, management of narwhals is based on summer stocks. The High Arctic Cetacean Survey (HACS), conducted in August 2013, was the first survey to estimate abundance of all 4 Canadian Baffin Bay narwhal summer stocks, as well as putative stocks in Jones Sound and Smith Sound, in the same summer. Narwhal abundance was estimated using a double-platform aerial survey. Distance sampling methods were used to estimate detection probability away from the track line. Mark-recapture methods were used to correct for the proportion of narwhals missed by visual observers on the track line (i.e., perception bias). We used a data-driven approach to identify single and duplicate sightings, using 4 covariates to compare differences in sightings made by front and rear observers based on: time of sighting, declination angle, group size, and species identity. Abundance in fjords was estimated using density surface modelling to account for their complex shape and uneven coverage. Estimates were corrected for availability bias (narwhals that are not available for detection because they are submerged when the aircraft passes overhead) using a new analysis of August dive behaviour data from narwhals equipped with satellite-linked time depth recorders. Corrected abundance estimates were 12,694 (95% CI: 6,324–25,481) for the Jones Sound stock; 16,360 (95% CI: 3,833–69,836) for the Smith Sound stock; 49,768 (95% CI: 32,945–75,182) for the Somerset Island stock; 35,043 (95% CI: 14,188–86,553) for the Admiralty Inlet stock; 10,489 (95% CI: 6,342–17,347) for the Eclipse Sound stock; and 17,555 (95% CI: 8,473–36,373) for the East Baffin Island stock. Total abundance for these 6 stocks was estimated at 141,908 (95% CI: 102,464–196,536). Sources of uncertainty arise from the high level of clustering observed, in particular in Admiralty Inlet, Eclipse Sound, and East Baffin Island, as well as the difficulty in identifying duplicate sightings between observers when large aggregations were encountered.

Case Study on the Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 in Aquaculture with its Recommendations

In Bangladesh, the lockdown has been started officially from 26th March 2020 which is actually the most important time for harvesting and summer stocking in the pond. The whole aquaculture production system is now hampering due to pandemic COVID-19 and the value chain in this sector is quite vulnerable. I conducted a wireless survey through cell phone collected information from different stakeholders of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh to assess the impact of the pandemic situations in the aquaculture sector. Survey results revealed that pandemic COVID-19 has been affected in different areas of the aquaculture sector including reduction of consumption, export order cancellation, reduction in price, delay in summer stocking, lack of technical support, and transport crisis.

Belles are Singing: Broadway, Hollywood, and the Failed Gone With the Wind Musical

Despite the rich range of scholarship on the film musical, in-depth scholarly attention to the relationship between Hollywood and Broadway as symbolic centers of the U.S. culture industries has been surprisingly sparse. This article makes an intervention into this largely neglected history through an examination of David O. Selznick’s failed efforts in the early 1940s to stage Gone With the Wind as a Broadway musical. Fresh off back-to-back Academy Awards for Best Picture, Selznick made the innovative move to try adapting Gone With the Wind during his four-year hiatus from film production. Using Show Boat as an inspiration and Oklahoma! as a catalyst to accelerate his efforts, Selznick’s attempts ultimately failed during his lifetime, but represent an earlier inroad into cross-industrial franchising. Furthermore, few know that Selznick set up a summer stock theater in Santa Barbara in 1941 not only to hone his contracted talent, but also to prevent them from leaving southern California for the New York stage in the summer. Consequently, this article emphasizes the value of studying industrial failure for scholars of the culture industries as well as the need for greater study of the alternately generative and competitive relationship between Broadway and Hollywood – a relationship put into renewed relief recently as Broadway shows now espouse a high concept aesthetic to tell stories often with roots in film properties and fueled in part by Hollywood money.

Use of stable isotopes to distinguish wild from pen‐raised northern bobwhite

ABSTRACTStocking pen‐raised northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) into habitats inhabited by wild bobwhite is a widespread practice, yet no technique other than marking exists to distinguish between these birds when they are harvested or recaptured. We assessed the potential of stable isotope analysis of primary feather tissue to distinguish between wild and pen‐raised bobwhite. We obtained 104 feather samples from 3 game farms and 3 hunters in New Jersey, USA, collected between 1998 and 2006. We analyzed all samples for isotopes of carbon13C/12C, nitrogen15N/14N, sulfur34S/32S, and a preliminary sample for hydrogen2H/1H. Combinations of isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur yielded unique patterns for the 2 groups, enabling us to form a significant function that discriminated between these groups 100% of the time. The function was influenced most by the isotopic ratios of nitrogen and carbon. We were unable to discriminate between age classes or sex within groups, but could discriminate among farms and between years for the one farm where we had 2 years of samples. In our pilot study, stable isotope analysis of primary feather tissue was a reliable technique for distinguishing wild and pen‐raised bobwhite for 12–14 months following postjuvenal or postnuptial feather molt. Summer stocking, feeding stations, or long‐term survival of pen‐raised birds would reduce the efficacy of this technique, depending upon the definition of a wild population. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.

Interview with Stuart Saunders Smith

INTERVIEW WITH STUART SAUNDERS SMITH KRISZTINA DÉR INTRODUCTION AINE-BORN COMPOSER AND PERCUSSIONIST Stuart Saunders Smith has faithfully communicated his artistic voice—a receptive, eclectic aesthetic influenced by New England Transcendentalism— throughout his career.1 In this interview, he explains his compositional process in a discussion of his flute and light work The Circle of Light: A Ceremony for Solo Flute and Eight Luminists.2 This telephone interview took place on November 15, 2016. It has been edited for filler words, and unrelated portions of the interview have been omitted. KD: What was your compositional process in writing The Circle of Light? SSS: My compositional process is as it’s always been since about . . . oh, I guess when I was sixteen; and that is, I listen to what should happen. I don’t have any pre-compositional plans. I use my conditioning, the musicality I learned from playing over thirty Broadway shows in summer stock, to jazz playing, to commercial M 220 Perspectives of New Music playing, and knowing all those tunes in my background [from the Great American Songbook] . . . The whole world is vibrating at different speeds, and if you are attentive and at first non-judgmental, you will receive the sounds and proceed with what you’re doing. So, it’s a listening process, not a making process. It’s a receiving process rather than pushing things around with ego and engineering skills. So, I start with a pitch, I listen to that pitch, and of course it’s a vibration. . . . I listen to see what that pitch wants next. Then I find that pitch, and then I do the same with the two pitches. Then I hear another; and then once you have about three pitches, the rest of them come rather easily to form little phrase-lets and a large phrase. Then I do it again (and again and again) and then wonder how this all wants to cohere together formalistically. But, again, that emerges from the details. And then, I go back and I allow my listening to dictate the durations of all the different pitches. . . . I compose the entire work like that. Then I begin to add dynamics in order to let the player know what the small phrases are in their relationship to the larger phrase. But the first thing I come up with—I’ve neglected to say that—is the title. The title gives the ethos and emotional space that the piece has to be umbrellaed under. So, that even dictates the first two pitches. Then, I go over it at least three times, editing, trying to find places perhaps that are too clichéd and change those: manipulate them or just cut them out. . . . Over time, I’ve thought a lot about clichés; and clichés are a momentary thing, meaning: they’re historically defined, contextually defined. If our work together lasts several hundred years, we don’t know what the listener will consider cliché then—and not cliché. I’m thinking about the second movement of Ives’ fourth symphony. It’s full of all kinds of tunes that I can recognize; but I don’t think your generation can. You hear it differently because you can’t recognize the tunes. I was teaching one of my students, my only student right now, and I was saying, “I want you to listen with me to Ben Johnston’s tenth string quartet.” It’s microtonal, it has about a hundred and some-odd notes per octave. So, we’re listening; and then the last movement breaks into: [hums “Danny Boy”]. . . . She didn’t know the tune— never heard it before—and she said: “Wow, what a lovely tune!” And I said, “Well, that’s ‘Danny Boy.’ It’s from the Anglo-Irish tradition.” Then she said: “Oh, I recognized a hymn tune.” And I hadn’t. So, two hundred years from now, who knows what they’re going to hear? Over time, I’m less concerned about cliché. I’m reminded of a story I was told by a very fine poet. He was in a recording session reading his poetry to music, and during the break he Interview...

Temporal dynamics of invertebrate and aquatic plant communities at three intermittent ponds in livestock grazed Patagonian wetlands

Ponds are recognized worldwide as biodiversity hotspots; nevertheless in Patagonia studies are still needed that reveal the composition and status of their communities. This paper analyses the temporal patterns of aquatic invertebrates and assesses the environmental factors that best predict the variation in community structure at three small intermittent ponds, subjected to ranching practices (summer stocking) in the Patagonian steppe. Variables identified as important in structuring community assemblages were related to environmental conditions (rainfall and water temperature), chemical features (conductivity and pH) and biotic factors (macrophyte coverage). During the connected phase only a small number of invertebrate species were present, in contrast to the 11 taxa that were frequent and abundant during the isolated period (Eucyclops chilensis, Hyalella curvispina and Rhionaeschna sp. were dominant). In this sequence the submersed Myriophyllum quitense and Lilaeopsis macloviana played a crucial role offering habitat and food resources. The present study provides valuable information that can contribute to minimizing the environmental damage and the development of strategies for the conservation of Patagonian wetlands.

Critical Thermal Maximum of Juvenile Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) Reared for Summer Stocking in Texas

The critical thermal maximum of juvenile spotted seatrout (SL range 18–33 mm) was determined using a temperature increase of +0.26°C per hour. The critical thermal maximum (water temperature that was lethal to 50% of the test fish [LT50]) for trial 1 was LT50 = 38.8°C, LT50 = 39.4°C for trial 2, and LT50 = 38.9°C for trial 3. Critical thermal maximums differed significantly (P < 0.05) between trials 2 and 3, whereas trial 1 did not differ among trials. This difference correlated with body size, where fish in trial 2 were significantly larger (P < 0.05) (mean = 27.6 ± 2.0 mm in SL) (mean ± SE) than the fish of trials 1 (mean = 23.1 ± 0.5 mm in SL) and 3 (mean = 21.5 ± 0.7 mm in SL), suggesting positive size dependence in the critical thermal maximum.

Who Does Little but Listen

My father was a storyteller, famous within his circle of family and friends, and I grew up hearing, now and again over the years, about the night he nearly killed Eugene O’Neill. The tales with which Father entertained us usually had to do with the passage of one Maloney or another from Irish immigrant to New England mill foreman to (in his father’s case) Dartmoutheducated statesman. He would also go on about his own childhood in Chelsea, Massachusetts, and his life in the theater in the early years of the twentieth century. A proverbial black sheep, Father gave up on formal education halfway through high school. Dropping his surname, so as not to be confused with his lawyer/legislator father, he became, in a daring act of selfinvention, David Keating, actor. It was during a season of summer stock on Nantucket that he had his encounter with O’Neill.1 The year was 1925. After performing in Shaw’s Candida with the Nantucket Players, he had partied with fellow cast members (including Burgess Meredith, who was playing Marchbanks) and was heading home to Siasconset, at the east end of the island. He was driving a Ford “New Model” Tudor sedan belonging to Mrs. Clarissa Rood Moran, at whose cottage in ’Sconset he was staying. The night was dark, the road was rutted, and in the light from the headlamps the fog was like a white wall just inches from the automobile’s front bumper. Suddenly, the figure of a man appeared in front of the car. Simultaneously hitting the horn and the brakes, Father turned the steering wheel hard to the left as the shadowy figure, crying out, fell to the right. Stopping the car in a ditch, Father got out and crossed to the ditch on the other side of the road. There lay the man who obviously had, as had my father, “drink taken.” Despite that fact, or perhaps because of it, neither man was hurt. The young actor David Keating helped the older man to his feet, introduced himself, then gave the playwright Eugene O’Neill

한국 주변해역에 서식하는 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus)의 형태 및 유전학적 계군분석

본 연구는 2011년 9월에서 12월까지 동해(북부, 중부, 남부), 서해, 동중국해의 해구에서 각각 채집된 살오징어의 계군을 형태 및 유전학 차이를 이용하여 구분하였다. 형태학적 차이에 따른 계군분석은 평균성숙외투장(20-22 cm)을 기준으로 하여 발생시기를 구분하였고, 유전학적 특성에 따른 계군은 mtDNA COI 영역의 염기변이에 의한 유전자 다양성을 이용하여 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 평균성숙외투장을 기준으로 동해 북부는 발생시기가 하계군, 나머지 집단(동해 중부, 동해 남부, 동중국해 북부, 서해 북부)은 추계군으로 크게 2개의 계군으로 추정되었다. 유전자 분석결과 살오징어 mtDNA COI 영역에서 총 49개의 haplotype을 확인하였다. TCS 분석결과 haplotype 유전자형 네트워크가 star-like형태이며, 모든 집단에서 유전적 다양성(haplotype diversity, h)이 높고(h=0.661~0.841), 반면에 염기 다양도(nucleotide diversity, <TEX>${\pi}$</TEX>)가 낮게 나타난 점으로 미루어보아 국내 서식 살오징어의 경우 최근에 급속한 집단의 분화가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. Pairwise Fst를 이용한 집단분석결과 비록 모든 집단간의 유전적 차이가 낮게 나타났지만(Fst = 0.001~0.043) 평균성숙외투장 기준으로 같은 추계군으로 분류된 집단(동해 중부, 동해남부, 서해 북부)간에는 유전적 차이를 확인할 수 있었다(P<0.05). Stock identification of Todarodes pacificus collected in the East Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the period from September to December in 2011 was analyzed by morphometric characters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene nucleotide variations. Frequency distributions of mantle length was analyzed by morphological method with measuring size of T. pacificus. Then each stock was estimated to confirm their maturation for mean mantle length comparing with mean mature mantle length 20-22 cm. According to morphologic stock identification, it is estimated that the northern part of East Sea is categorized as summer stock and the rest parts, including mid /southern part of the East Sea, northern part of the East China Sea and northern part of the West Sea were autumn stock. For genetic analysis, a total 49 haplotypes were defined by 33 variable nucleotide sites. From the extensive haplotype diversity, limited nucleotide diversity and star-like shape of haplotype network, T. pacificus appears to have undergone rapid population expansion from an ancestral population with a small effective population size. Although pair-wise Fst estimates which represent genetic difference among groups were low, there are relatively remarkable difference of Fst between middle and southern part of the East Sea. Although middle part of the East Sea and southern part of the East Sea were situated at the East Sea, genetically separated groups were appeared.

Groups of related belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) travel together during their seasonal migrations in and around Hudson Bay

Social structure involving long-term associations with relatives should facilitate the learning of complex behaviours such as long-distance migration. In and around Hudson Bay (Canada), three stocks of beluga whales form a panmictic unit, but have different migratory behaviours associated with different summering areas. We analysed genetic variation at 13 microsatellite loci among 1524 belugas, to test hypotheses about social structure in belugas. We found significant proportions of mother-offspring pairs throughout the migratory cycle, but average relatedness extended beyond close kinship only during migration. Average relatedness was significantly above random expectations for pairs caught at the same site but on different days or months of a year, suggesting that belugas maintain associations with a network of relatives during migration. Pairs involving a female (female-female or male-female) were on average more related than pairs of males, and males seemed to disperse from their matrilineal group to associate with other mature males. Altogether, our results indicate that relatives other than strictly parents, and especially females, play a role in maintaining a social structure that could facilitate the learning of migration routes. Cultural conservatism may limit contributions from nearby summer stocks to endangered stocks such as the Eastern Hudson Bay beluga.

Steelhead return rates and relative costs: A synthesis of three long-term stocking programs in two Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior

Hatchery augmentation of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss was evaluated over 20years in Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior using three approaches — stocking fry or yearlings of a naturalized strain (STT), and yearlings of a domesticated strain (KAM). The STT strain was introduced over 100years ago and became naturalized to Lake Superior and its tributaries, unlike KAM, which has not been shown to reproduce successfully in streams. We compared smolt–adult return rates to anglers and in-river traps, and production costs per adult for these three programs in the French and Knife rivers. STT smolts derived from stocked fry in the French River resulted in the highest smolt–adult return rates to traps and anglers (13.3%), and lowest cost per returning adult ($46). STT stocked as yearling smolts produced the lowest return rate (1.5%) and highest cost per returning adult ($192) for both rivers combined. KAM stocked as yearling smolts were intermediate in return rate (2.6%) and cost per adult ($90). Differences in return rates of the three strains were attributable to the extent of domestication selection, size at stocking, season of stocking, and summer lake temperatures. Smolts derived from fry-stocked STT were strongly influenced by summer lake temperatures in their first lake year. Yearling-stocked STT were influenced by size at stocking and summer lake temperatures. KAM yearlings benefitted from summer stocking at larger sizes. Based on poor survival and fiscal constraints, the STT yearling program was discontinued. Stocking programs will continue to evolve according to changing biological, financial, social, and political pressures.

Queer Theatre and the Legacy of Cal Yeomans by Robert A. Schanke (review)

Reviewed by: Queer Theatre and the Legacy of Cal Yeomans by Robert A. Schanke James Fisher Queer Theatre and the Legacy of Cal Yeomans. By Robert A. Schanke. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. xxii + 229 pp. $85.00 cloth. Fifteen years ago, while in the midst of a campus "culture wars" controversy over a production of Tony Kushner's Angels in America at Wabash College, I received from a student a poem intended as an expression of support. Its last lines are directed at an anonymous gay man living in the year 2040—"You are Unafraid and Unashamed and Young. Your Body is unfettered, your voice strengthened by all our Anonymous, Unchronicled Wars"—words that came rushing to mind while reading Robert A. Schanke's absorbing Queer Theatre and the Legacy of Cal Yeomans. In his preface, Schanke offers a 1979 quote from Yeomans ruminating in a tone similar to my student's: "Perhaps in years to come some young queen will find [my writings] in an old trunk bought at an auction, will read [them] and say, 'My God! Was that the way it was? Times sure have changed.' Let us pray for that anyway" (xv). Yeomans's prayer for changing times is much closer to reality in 2011, a fact that stands out in bold relief to a reader of Schanke's scholarly yet highly readable book on the "Unchronicled" life and career of Cal Yeomans. Many iconoclastic artists are likely to lead lives filled with contradictions, and Yeomans is no exception. Raised by a conservative Christian family in Florida, he also had a mother who exhibited strong feminist proclivities, which allowed him to experience from an early age the deep cultural divisions of mid-twentieth-century America. The deeply conflicted (and bipolar) Yeomans ultimately emerged as a pioneer of early 1970s gay theatre. In that period he was nearly singular in his radical exploration of explicitly sexual subject matter, radical in that its frank depictions of same-sex relations were controversial even within the gay community. Despite considerable accomplishment in off-and off-off-Broadway theatres, Yeomans is little known today, even to those with knowledge of LGBT theatre history. Schanke's book goes a long way to rectify this omission. Arguing a convincing case for Yeomans's place among that first wave of bold, gay dramatists whose plays kicked open the closet, Schanke stresses Yeomans's centrality among his peers. Better-known Yeomans contemporaries including Lanford Wilson, Robert Patrick, Doric Wilson, and Robert Chesley have received somewhat more scholarly attention to date (if, as yet, too little), but Schanke also reveals much about the movement as well as the plays of Yeomans, the specific themes he explored, and what his turbulent life represents. Without question, the overtly sexual aspects of Yeomans's plays, some of which [End Page 200] were nurtured under the guidance of Ellen Stewart at LaMama, kept his work out of the mainstream limelight, a fact true of much gay-themed drama prior to the 1980s. However, Schanke makes clear that Yeomans's achievement merits a more central place among his peers. To understand Yeomans's work, it is essential to understand his life within the context of his work. Troubled by erratic mental health, Yeomans found his way to the stage while a business student at Florida State University, gaining experience in summer stock and at Atlanta's Pocket Theatre. Once in New York, Yeomans labored in various capacities at LaMama, but in this period his bipolarity damaged professional and personal relationships. He ultimately moved to San Francisco and there began writing plays, including his 1979 Cable Car Award-winning Richmond Jim, produced by Theatre Rhinoceros and during the first New York Gay Arts Festival. Robert Chesley called it the "first genuinely gay play" (93), and it generated considerable controversy, even within the gay community, at the time. Along with his subsequent plays, it represents only part of his creative legacy; Yeomans was also a poet and an accomplished photographer. Following a 1996 diagnosis of AIDS, he spent his final years focused on philanthropic activities, including the establishment of a professorship in his mother's name at the University of Florida, where...

Jenna and Jonah's Fauxmance (review)

Reviewed by: Jenna and Jonah's Fauxmance Karen Coats Franklin, Emily . Jenna and Jonah's Fauxmance; by Emily Franklin and Brendan Halpin. Walker, 2011. [288p]. ISBN 978-0-8027-2162-4 $16.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 6-10. Aaron (known more often by his stage name of Fielding) and Charlie (who plays his girlfriend onscreen) have a fantasy romance—literally. To boost ratings of their teen rom-com TV series, their agents insist that they perform as a couple off-camera as well as on; unfortunately, they can't stand each other. When a rumor incorrectly labels Aaron as gay, the gossip also blows their contract with their family-friendly network. Charlie and Aaron escape to a property he owns, and they begin to wonder what their relationship might be like without cameras or scripts. Too soon, it's time for them to fulfill obligations in summer stock, where they're playing, appropriately, Beatrice and Benedick in Shakespeare's Much Ado about Nothing, and where they come to grips with both their professional identities and personal chemistry. While the book certainly plays to fantasies about what it would be like to live a Hannah Montana-style triple life, there's enough exploration of character and questions about work, success, and relationships here to satisfy fans of more complex romances. Aaron is particularly likable as he works through his confusion about what he wants out of life and why; his relationships with his family members, friends, agent, and Charlie teach him something about what's worth being pushed around for and what ultimately isn't. Charlie carries more hurt from her past and is thus more determined to be self-supporting, but Aaron persists in believing her shell is worth cracking even before he realizes he's in love with her. Alternating perspectives let readers in on both sides of this rocky but ultimately sweet and satisfying fauxmance turned romance. [End Page 328] Copyright © 2011 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Survival Rates and Movement of Hatchery‐Reared Razorback Suckers in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Utah and Colorado

AbstractWe used tag–recapture data to estimate apparent survival and capture probability for 119,129 hatchery‐reared, federally endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus stocked into upper Colorado River basin streams during 1995–2005. Effects investigated included reach, year, and season of stocking; fish total length (TL) at time of stocking; survival in the first year after stocking versus in subsequent years; and sampling effort. Recapture data were also used to describe poststocking movement. First‐year survival rate for stocked razorback suckers of average TL (252.5 mm) was low: 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.042–0.071). Total length at stocking and first‐year survival were positively correlated; survival approached zero for fish smaller than 200 mm TL but increased to 0.75 or higher for the few fish larger than 500 mm. Season of stocking had a large effect on razorback sucker first‐year survival; the predicted rate for average‐length fish stocked in summer was less than 0.02 (CI, 0.012–0.022), but it was 0.07 (0.044–0.094), 0.08 (0.057–0.100), and 0.08 (0.057–0.118) for fish stocked in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. The overall subsequent‐year survival rate for razorback suckers was estimated to be 0.75 (CI, 0.688–0.801). Capture probabilities were relatively low, ranging from 0.002 to 0.128 for fish of average TL. The mean minimum distance traveled, elapsed time, and rate of travel by razorback suckers between recaptures were 54.7 km (range, 0–514.9 km), 254 d (0–3,164 d), and 0.87 km/d (0–55.37 km/d), respectively. Movement was more frequent out of Colorado and Gunnison River stocking reaches (36.9%; range, 30.1–100%) than Green River stocking reaches (7.7%; range, 2.9–10.3%). Our recommendations include ceasing summer stocking, performing cost ‐benefit analyses of increasing TL at stocking, employing a standardized stocking protocol, and developing a comprehensive razorback sucker monitoring program, implementation of which should enhance recovery prospects for razorback suckers in the upper Colorado River basin.

Physiological correlates of coastal arrival and river entry timing in late summer Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Animal migrations typically occur within a predictable time frame and sequence, but little is known about the triggers that initiate migration, despite their importance in animal ecology and for resource management. The migration of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, is an excellent model to study such triggers because for nearly a decade a segment of the late summer stocks has been proceeding into the river as much as 6 weeks earlier than the historic norm. In this study, late-run sockeye salmon (N = 146) were intercepted about 215 km from the mouth of the Fraser River and implanted with radio transmitters. These fish were biopsied, which included drawing blood from the caudal vessels, removing some gill filament tips, and quantifying energetic status using a microwave energy meter. Fish that entered the river without delaying in the estuary were in a more advanced state of reproductive maturation, as evidenced by hormone and energy levels. Indicators of osmoregulatory preparedness (i.e., plasma ions and gill Na 1 /K 1 -ATPase activity) provided little insight into migration timing aside from greater variation in Na 1 /K 1 -ATPase activity in fish that entered early relative to those that held in the ocean. Given the dissimilar reproductive hormone profiles for early arrival into the estuary and early entry into the Fraser River, it appears that only a subset of the population are early migrants and triggers for early migration may be related to a relatively advanced reproductive development and higher energetic status. These findings provide the first assessment of the physiological correlates of migration timing and provide a mechanistic understanding of the proximate factors associated with abnormal migration timing in late-run sockeye salmon. Key words: cues, energetics, migration behavior, timing. [Behav Ecol]

“It carries the battle forward”: An Unpublished Letter from William Carlos Williams to Edwin J. Becker, prisoner-poet

While many Americans expatriated to Paris or London in the first half of the twentieth century to become writers, Edwin J. Becker waited until he was incarcerated in the New Jersey State Prison at Trenton from 1944 to 1948 for deceptive practices. Becker became writer of some renown while in prison, two pulp fiction novels, freelance articles for men's magazines such as Field and Stream, and few short stories in small magazines, including Caresse Crosby's Portfolio. He also wrote play which was produced in summer stock, as well as an unpublished collection of poetry titled Chains of Shadow. Several established writers took notice of Becker's talent, taking up correspondence with him while he was in prison, including Crosby, Anais Nin, Henry Miller, and William Carlos Williams. In the letter below, Williams discusses the little magazine and its relation to American writers, theme that was constant concern throughout his lifetime. idea that the little magazine should be connected to free speech and the health of the nation harkens back twenty-five years earlier to the first Contact manifesto (December 1920) in which Williams states: We are here because of our faith in the existence of native artists who are capable of having, comprehending and recording extraordinary experience; possess intellect sufficient to carry over the force of their emotional vigour. . Further, we still do not intend becoming spokesman for any movement, group or theory, and as thoroughly dislike modern traditionalism as any manner of perceiving the arts (1). Ten years later see these ideas expressed again in letter dated January 6, 1930, to Richard Johns, editor of the new literary magazine Pagany, for which Williams was acting as an editor and contributor. Williams says that the little magazine should be a bulletin of method. It should not grow or be controversial, thoughtful or take on burdens or righteousness or policy. It does what it should: presents an extant practice of the art of writing (qtd. in Halpert 93). second incarnation of Contact (1932), edited by Williams and Nathanael West, contains the short editorial titled The Advance Guard Magazine, in which Williams says: In all, the 'small magazine' must, in its many phases, be taken as one expression. It represents the originality of our generation thoroughly free of an economic burden. Technically many excellent services to have been accomplished. Nothing could be more useful to the present day writer, the alert critic than to read and reread the actual work produced by those who have made the 'small magazine' during the past thirty years. measure of the intelligent citizen is the discretion with which he breaks the law. (89-90) A third and final incarnation of Contact related to Williams sprouted up in Francisco in the late 1950s with the subtitle Francisco Journal of New Writing, Art and Ideas. journal, edited by George Dorsey, Calvin Kentfield, and William H. Ryan, was similar in content and style to the Evergreen Review, which began publication just one year earlier. Francisco was ripe for the return of Contact, as is seen in Evergreen Review's instrumental 1957 San Francisco Scene issue (vol. …

Staging Act 5 of Schiller's Wilhelm Tell

Of the nine plays completed by Friedrich Schiller, Wilhelm Tell (1804) is probably the most well known to general theater audiences and students of theater history. annual outdoor presentations of the play in Interlaken, Switzerland, attract wide audiences with the delightful Alpine setting of the theater, the opportunity to see a medieval costume drama, and, as the Interlaken production is performed by local amateurs, the chance to see the Swiss performing in a play that deals with their country's origins. In America the annual outdoor productions in New Glarus, Wisconsin, likewise emphasize medieval spectacle and Swiss heritage. (1) Wilhelm Tell provides the opportunity for good summer stock theater. Yet Schiller engaged in more than just writing an entertaining costume drama. As a playwright Schiller was deeply concerned with philosophical and political problems, as well as with history, aesthetics, and poetics. Indeed, Schiller stands among the most contemplative poets to write for the stage in the past two hundred years. In his plays one notices recurring questions about abuses of political power and the possibility and necessity for individual action in the face of tyranny and oppression. Schiller's lifelong quest to reach toward a better world in his writings is part of his legacy to modern civilization. In Wilhelm Tell Schiller localizes a particular manifestation of the quest for liberty in the Swiss fight against the Austrians, a quest that the character Tell brings to a climax with his assassination of the tyrannical Austrian governor Gessler. Characters in the play and audiences at the theater hail Gessler's death; there is not much to like about him, and with Gessler dead the way is clear for a happy ending. However, Schiller's text includes reference to another political assassination in act 5, the murder of the Hapsburg emperor Albrecht I by his own kinsman, Duke Johann of Swabia. In Schiller's text Tell encounters the duke, thereafter referred to as Johannes Parricida, in the play's penultimate scene. This juxtaposition of Tell and Duke Johann complicates the otherwise festive ending of the play. Might this be why the scenes with Duke Johann are sometimes excised from productions? In the contemporary political landscape where the boundary between freedom fighter and terrorist is often obscure, the time seems right to emphasize the importance of the entirety of act 5 of Wilhelm Tell in light not only of Schiller's dramaturgy, but of his aesthetics and ethics as well. Beginning around 1791, Schiller, intrigued with philosophy since his student days, became very interested in studying Kant, especially the Kritik der Urteilskraft (Critique of Judgment). This interest in aesthetics continued throughout the first half of the decade and culminated in the publication of the Uber die Asthetische Erziehung des Menschen in eine Reihe von Briefen (On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters [1796]). (2) While Schiller's interest in aesthetics frequently receives attention, the connection between his aesthetics, his ethics, and his plays does not always receive the emphasis it deserves. moral purpose that Schiller envisioned for dramatic literature and theatrical presentation needs emphasis both when reading the plays and when staging them. Beginning with his early writings, such as the address given at the Mannheim Theater in 1784, Die Schaubuhne als eine moralische Anstalt betrachten (The Stage Considered as a Moral Institution), (3) Schiller outlined a program for German drama and theater which he subsequently put into practice in his plays and in his collaborations with Goethe in the Weimar Theater. (One may observe that Schiller's theory and practice of the theatrical arts with its strong ethical component prefigures Brecht's Lehrstucke without being as didactically heavy-handed.) In The Stage Considered as a Moral Institution, Schiller considers especially the educative function of theater. …