Summer Retreat Research Articles

Glacier-specific factors drive differing seasonal and interannual dynamics of Nunatakassaap Sermia and Illullip Sermia, Greenland

ABSTRACT Accelerated ice discharge from marine-terminating outlet glaciers accounted for ~48 percent of ice loss from Greenland between 1992 and 2018, and the northwest has been the largest source of dynamic ice loss. Here, we assess the dynamics of two neighboring northwest Greenland glaciers, Nunatakassaap Sermia (NS) and Illullip Sermia (IS), for 2000 to 2020. Retreat rates at NS far exceeded those at IS, and NS accelerated and thinned substantially following the loss of its ice tongue. This was initially driven by loss of buttressing, followed by feedbacks between thinning, surface slope, and effective pressure, as NS retreated into a deeper and wider section of its fjord. At IS, acceleration and thinning were limited due to its location on a bedrock ridge. At NS, net retreat occurred when seasonal retreat persisted through the winter, whereas at IS it resulted from higher summer retreat rates. The timing of seasonal cycles in frontal positions and ice velocities differed markedly between NS and IS: we suggest that ice velocities respond to seasonal meltwater availability at IS and terminus position variations at NS. Overall, our results demonstrate that the dynamic behavior of NS and IS differs markedly at seasonal to decadal timescales and highlight the importance of glacier-specific factors.

Phytoplankton of the High-Latitude Arctic: Intensive Growth Large Diatoms Porosira glacialis in the Nansen Basin

In August 2020, during a dramatical summer retreat of sea ice in the Nansen Basin, a study of phytoplankton was conducted on the transect from two northern stations in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) (north of 83° N m and east of 38° E) through the open water to the southern station located in the Franz Victoria Trench. The presence of melted polar surface waters (mPSW), polar surface waters (PSW), and Atlantic waters (AW) were characteristic of the MIZ. There are only two water masses in open water, namely PSW and AW, at the southernmost station; the contribution of AW was minimal. In the MIZ, first-year and multiyear ice species and Atlantic species were noted; Atlantic species and first-year ice species were in open water, and only ice flora was at the southernmost station. The maximum phytoplankton biomass (30 g · m−3) was recorded at the northernmost station of the MIZ, and 99% of the phytoplankton consisted of a large diatom Porosira glacialis. Intensive growth of this species occurred on the subsurface halocline separating mPSW from PSW. A thermocline was formed in open water south of the MIZ towards the Franz Victoria Trench. A strong stratification decreases vertical nutrient fluxes, so phytoplankton biomass decreases significantly. Phytoplankton formed the maximum biomass in the thermocline. When moving south, biomass decreased and its minimum values were observed at the southernmost station where the influence of AW is minimal or completely absent. A transition from the silicon-limited state of phytoplankton (MIZ area) to nitrogen-limited (open water) was noted.

Analysis of interior design and furniture elements that can be exploited in balconies and rooftops

Balconies and rooftops are really that part of a home where we can just head to get some fresh air, get in touch with nature, enjoy views and Sunsets, but they don’t have to be limited to that. interior design can make a cool personal touch with many really functional and stylish design ideas that can be inspired to turn balconies and rooftops into the favorite hang-out spot in our homes with some furniture, accessories and interior design ideas. The initial focus was creating functioning and aesthetic areas from home spaces where we can relax or entertain. we can add aesthetic value by adding extra plants and lighting to warm up the ambience with wooden seats can makes it more inviting and favorite hangout place in no time. We realized how important our balconies and rooftops could be, especially after Corona virus crisis and people having to stay at home and also environmental issues in high-density cities and the climate change; open balconies and rooftop might affect the health of occupants and ecosystem in the future, with a good creative thinking. We can create special view with lots of greenery, some wall decorations, and add a touch of color through the outdoor rug and pillows by Taking full advantage of ideas. We can transform balcony and rooftop into an irresistible summer retreat. This could substantially upgrade lifestyle, as a step in enhancing awareness of open spaces in our homes and relation to sustainability.

Model Predictions of Wave Overwash Extent Into the Marginal Ice Zone

AbstractIn the marginal ice zone (MIZ), where ocean waves and sea ice interact, waves can produce flows of water across ice floe surfaces in a process known as wave overwash. Overwash potentially influences wave propagation characteristics, floe thermodynamics, and floe surface biological and chemical processes. However, the extent of the MIZ affected by overwash and its dependence on prevailing wave and ice conditions is unknown. In this paper, we propose a model of overwash extent caused by irregular incoming waves into a MIZ consisting of a random floe field. We validate the overwash extent model against laboratory experiments. We use the model to study mild to extreme incoming waves to floe field characteristics of the spring–summer ice retreat and autumn–winter ice advance and with compact ice edges. Overwash is typically predicted to extend a few kilometers and is generally greater for the autumn–winter advance than the spring–summer retreat. The model predictions provide a basis for improved understanding of the impacts of ocean waves on the ice cover. We also apply the model to incoming waves and a floe field with a diffuse ice edge representative of conditions during a field experiment, predicting overwash extents up to 16 km. During the field experiment, the wave and ice floe properties were intermittently monitored by a camera system, demonstrating how the sparse field data available on overwash can be advanced.

An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial

Abstract. The Last Interglacial period (129–116 ka) is characterised by a strong orbital forcing which leads to a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of insolation compared to the pre-industrial period. In particular, these changes amplify the seasonality of the insolation in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigate the Arctic climate response to this forcing by comparing the CMIP6 lig127k and piControl simulations performed with the IPSL-CM6A-LR (the global climate model developed at Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace) model. Using an energy budget framework, we analyse the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and continents. In summer, the insolation anomaly reaches its maximum and causes a rise in near-surface air temperature of 3.1 ∘C over the Arctic region. This warming is primarily due to a strong positive anomaly of surface downwelling shortwave radiation over continental surfaces, followed by large heat transfer from the continents to the atmosphere. The surface layers of the Arctic Ocean also receive more energy but in smaller quantity than the continents due to a cloud negative feedback. Furthermore, while heat exchange from the continental surfaces towards the atmosphere is strengthened, the ocean absorbs and stores the heat excess due to a decline in sea ice cover. However, the maximum near-surface air temperature anomaly does not peak in summer like insolation but occurs in autumn with a temperature increase of 4.2 ∘C relative to the pre-industrial period. This strong warming is driven by a positive anomaly of longwave radiation over the Arctic Ocean enhanced by a positive cloud feedback. It is also favoured by the summer and autumn Arctic sea ice retreat (-1.9×106 and -3.4×106 km2, respectively), which exposes the warm oceanic surface and thus allows oceanic heat storage and release of water vapour in summer. This study highlights the crucial role of sea ice cover variations, Arctic Ocean, as well as changes in polar cloud optical properties on the Last Interglacial Arctic warming.

Fine Airs in the Sand Hills: Richmond Bath, a Summer Retreat in a Landscape of Slavery

Fine Airs in the Sand Hills: Richmond Bath, a Summer Retreat in a Landscape of Slavery

Avkobling og transformasjon: Meditasjonsretreater på Dharma Mountain mellom popularisering og religiøst fellesskap

While meditation has undeniably become a part of popular culture, the term encompasses a wide variety of practices and conceptualizations on the religious-secular spectrum. In this paper, I explore how this wide scope is dealt with at meditation retreats offered at the Norwegian center Dharma Mountain. The place is built around the Norwegian guru Vasant Swaha and serves as a meeting place for his disciples, the sangha. At the same time, the Dharma Mountain group takes part in the wider popular meditation field with retreats tailored toward the preferences of an often guru-critical mainstream audience. Based on ethnographical material, I compare two meditation techniques, vipassana and Dynamic Meditation, and how they are introduced, legitimized, and performed at a newcomer weekend in the first and a summer retreat with Vasant Swaha in the second case. I show that while instructors introduce vipassana as a generic and simple technique, they mark Dynamic Meditation as a specifically composed method and thus integrate it with Swaha’s background in the Osho movement and the therapeutic outlook of his retreats. My findings point to the flexibility of the concept of meditation and how this helps organizers to address different audiences. Under the umbrella of meditation, Dharma Mountain incorporates a range of conceptualizations, from self-help to spiritual awakening, and different social forms, from costumer relations to religious community, in one and the same place.

From the bottom up: Engaging technical services staff in decision-making

Sweeping innovations in publishing models, shifts from print to electronic, and the expanding impact of consortia alliances have transformed technical services operations in academic libraries. Work of technical services units is transitioning from daily assignment of routine work by supervisors, to a dynamic project-based operation where both staff and management input is crucial to the success of the unit. The new environment requires all staff to actively engage in decision-making as part of a team of colleagues and managers, using evaluation, synthesis, and prioritization to meet project and operational goals. This article describes activities Eastern Washington University Libraries’ Collection Services unit has undertaken to involve and empower its classified staff in decision-making and priority-setting in order to drive innovation and change within the unit and library-wide. Unit activities have included redesigning physical space, instituting summer retreats, establishing unit ground rules, and ensuring classified staff involvement in hiring. These activities have laid the groundwork for a more collaborative and empowered team of paraprofessional and professional staff able to successfully anticipate and adapt to the rapidly evolving academic library environment.

Summer Retreats, Travel, and Family in the Life of František Lexa (1876–1960), The First Czechoslovak Egyptologist

The study will explore the family and the family milieu of the first Czechoslovak Egyptologist František Lexa, founder and first director of the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology, expert on Egyptian philology, especially demotic languages, and mentor of two important Egyptologists, Jaroslav Černý, professor at Oxford University, and Zbyněk Žába, professor at Charles University, Prague. The study will analyse the social status of Lexa’s family and the importance of his marriage in shaping his scientific life and consider the everyday routines of this scientist’s household, including the claims demanded by the requirements of bringing up three children. As a specific focus, we will try to introduce the everyday life of a travelling scientist, particularly during holidays spent with family abroad, and illuminate the significance of summer retreats in shaping a scientists’ familial travel experience.

Maxine Hall at Northwest Middle School (a)

Maxine Hall, the new principal at Northwest Middle School, knew when she started that the school was suffering from a sense of distrust between teachers and administration, as well as a high degree of student disengagement and absenteeism. To unlock student achievement and instill much-needed consistency and alignment across the school, Hall implemented data-driven instruction, but her efforts were stymied by an unwillingness to change among staff and teachers. This case is used at Darden in executive programs for leaders in education and second-year MBA courses on leading change. It would also be suitable in courses covering data-driven instruction, school transformation, leadership, and change processes. Excerpt UVA-OB-1271 Rev. Jul. 30, 2020 Maxine Hall at Northwest Middle School (A) The summer before she became principal at Northwest Middle School in Anaheim, California, Maxine Hall held a retreat for teachers and staff. She knew that the relationship between teachers and the administration was contentious. Hall had inherited a leadership team that included two deans and two assistant principals, one of whom had tried for Hall's job and thus resented her presence. Teachers had lacked support from these administrators, and a sense of apathy permeated the school. There was also a heavy union presence at the school because teachers believed the previous administration had violated teacher contracts. During the summer retreat, Hall acutely felt the environment of distrust, as various factions of teachers argued with each other and with the administration about who was to blame for the school's past struggles. The school also suffered from student disengagement and absenteeism. Students who were perceived to be disruptive were typically sent to the office and then home, so they missed significant instructional time. . . .

Writing China: Essays on the Amherst Embassy (1816) and Sino-British Cultural Relations. Edited by Peter Kitson and Robert Markley. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2016. Pp. ix+193.

<i>Writing China: Essays on the Amherst Embassy (1816) and Sino-British Cultural Relations</i>. Edited by Peter Kitson and Robert Markley. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2016. Pp. ix+193.

別荘地「普賢山落」におけるコミュニティ形成に関する研究

別荘地「普賢山落」におけるコミュニティ形成に関する研究

An Edge-Referenced Surface Fresh Layer in the Beaufort Sea Seasonal Ice Zone

AbstractTo understand the factors causing the interannual variations in the summer retreat of the Beaufort Sea ice edge, Seasonal Ice Zone Reconnaissance Surveys (SIZRS) aboard U.S. Coast Guard Arctic Domain Awareness flights were made monthly from June to October in 2012, 2013, and 2014. The seasonal ice zone (SIZ) is where sea ice melts and reforms annually and encompasses the nominally narrower marginal ice zone (MIZ) where a mix of open-ocean and ice pack processes prevail. Thus, SIZRS provides a regional context for the smaller-scale MIZ processes. Observations with aircraft expendable conductivity–temperature–depth probes reveal a salinity pattern associated with large-scale gyre circulation and the seasonal formation of a shallow (~20 m) fresh layer moving with the ice edge position. Repeat occupations of the SIZRS lines from 72° to 76°N on 140° and 150°W allow a comparison of observed hydrography to atmospheric indices. Using this relationship, the basinwide salinity signals are separated from the fresh layer associated with the ice edge. While this layer extends northward under the ice edge as the melt season progresses, low salinities and warm temperatures appear south of the edge. Within this fresh layer, average salinity is correlated with distance from the ice edge. The salinity observations suggest that the upper-ocean freshening over the summer is dominated by local sea ice melt and vertical mixing. A Price–Weller–Pinkel model analysis reveals that observed changes in heat content and density structure are also consistent with a 1D mixing process.

Fringe Benefits

Fringe Benefits

How well can the observed Arctic sea ice summer retreat and winter advance be represented in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2?

The capability of a numerical model to simulate the statistical characteristics of the summer sea ice date of retreat (DOR) and the winter date of advance (DOA) is investigated using sea ice concentration output from the Climate Forecast System Version 2 model (CFSv2). Two model configurations are tested, the operational setting (CFSv2CFSR) which uses initial data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, and a modified version (CFSv2PIOMp) which ingests sea ice thickness initialization data from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) and includes physics modifications for a more realistic representation of heat fluxes at the sea ice top and bottom. First, a method to define DOR and DOA is presented. Then, DOR and DOA are determined from the model simulations and observational sea ice concentration from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Means, trends, and detrended standard deviations of DOR and DOA are compared, along with DOR/DOA rates in the Arctic Ocean. It is found that the statistics are generally similar between the model and observations, although some regional biases exist. In addition, regions of new ice retreat in recent years are represented well in CFSv2PIOMp over the Arctic Ocean, in terms of both spatial extent and timing. Overall, CFSv2PIOMp shows a reduction in error throughout the Arctic. Based on results, it is concluded that the model produces a reasonable representation of the climatology and variability statistics of DOR and DOA in most regions. This assessment serves as a prerequisite for future predictability experiments.

A Deploration for Rita Gross (1943–2015)

A Deploration for Rita Gross (1943–2015) Terry Muck [Buddhist-Christian Studies carried an appraisal of the scholarly contributions of Rita M. Gross in its 2011 issue (volume 31). The board asked Terry Muck, Rita’s long-term co-editor and friend, to offer a memorial.] Fellow travelers, professors of disciplines, deep thinkers from all nations, transform and utilize your superpowers to make lamentation and musement. For death has taken one of us, one of the best of us, Rita Gross, she of the generous mind, pointed voice, and unfathomable spirit. With golden words remove both sting and delusion from Rita’s long journey; With soothing verbal signposts, guide her to the harbor of new life. As you join Streng and Abe and Chappell and countless others in the beyond, dear Rita, requiem aeternam, boon companion. Amen. I heard the news about Rita’s stroke on Sunday, October 25, 2015. I was flying home to Wood Hill, our Wisconsin retreat, from a lecture I had given in California. I was to stay overnight with my sister Brenda in St. Paul before driving home the next day. I immediately realized I could easily drive through Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where Rita lived and was in the hospital. I asked Rita’s good friend, Mary Ellen Strand, if it was okay to visit Rita. She said of course it was okay, and I made plans to arrive between ten thirty and eleven the next morning. Rita was a very good friend. We had known each other since the founding of the Society for Buddhist Christian Studies in the early 1990s. I served on several committees with her before we became co-editors of the Society’s journal, Buddhist Christian Studies. During our decade long co-editorship, we met at least three times a year to plan and execute issues of the annual publication. We met once at the annual meeting of the Society in November, once in the spring at her home in Eau Claire or at my summer retreat at Wood Hill, and we usually found ourselves together for at least one common scholarly meeting somewhere in the country, where we did some editorial work. We worked well together. We worked well together in spite of the fact that we were polar opposites in almost every way. Rita was Buddhist; I was Christian. She was socially and theologically [End Page 215] liberal; I was conservative. She knew everyone in the scholarly Buddhist world; my contacts were mostly Christian. But we agreed on the nature of editorial work, helping authors do their best work and resisting the temptation to insist they say what we wanted them to say. We liked and respected one another’s positions and found ourselves able to agree to disagree when differences arose. It was an excellent partnership. Rita was a model scholar. She was a master at discerning and stating the core question on any issue, insisted on basing her eventual conclusions on facts that she moved heaven and earth to discover, and she was a beautiful, clear writer. Although she was not a polemicist, at least to the degree many in her fields of study were, she had a way of presenting her conclusions and their implications in such a compelling way that it was almost as if she were looking you in the eye and saying, “Really, is there any other way to see this?” Rita liked most to work in areas of overlap among her primary areas of expertise, Tibetan Buddhism, feminism, and religious diversity. She wrote and edited several books and scores of essays. Among the books my personal favorites are Buddhism After Patriarchy, a feminist critique of traditional Buddhist teaching, and Religious Diversity, a compelling statement on why and how men and women, and members of different religions, could and should work and live together in peace. Rita was a mainstay in the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies. She was an indispensable part of the core group of scholars who founded the Society, and over the years she held every position of leadership. Our international meetings, held every four years, were organizational nightmares, and no matter what her official leadership position at the...

The Second Girl

The Second Girl

Identification of paleo Arctic winter sea ice limits and the marginal ice zone: Optimised biomarker-based reconstructions of late Quaternary Arctic sea ice

Analysis of >100 surface sediments from across the Barents Sea has shown that the relative abundances of the mono-unsaturated sea ice diatom-derived biomarker IP25 and a tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipid (HBI III) are characteristic of the overlying surface oceanographic conditions, most notably, the location of the seasonal sea ice edge. Thus, while IP25 is generally limited to locations experiencing seasonal sea ice, with higher abundances found for locations with longer periods of ice cover, HBI III is found in sediments from all sampling locations, but is significantly enhanced in sediments within the vicinity of the retreating sea ice edge or marginal ice zone (MIZ). The response of HBI III to this well-defined sea ice scenario also appears to be more selective than that of the more generic phytoplankton biomarker, brassicasterol. The potential for the combined analysis of IP25 and HBI III to provide more detailed assessments of past sea ice conditions than IP25 alone has been investigated by quantifying both biomarkers in three marine downcore records from locations with contrasting modern sea ice settings. For sediment cores from the western Barents Sea (intermittent seasonal sea ice) and the northern Norwegian Sea (ice-free), high IP25 and low HBI III during the Younger Dryas (ca. 12.9–11.9 cal. kyr BP) is consistent with extensive sea cover, with relatively short periods of ice-free conditions resulting from late summer retreat. Towards the end of the YD (ca. 11.9–11.5 cal. kyr BP), a general amelioration of conditions resulted in a near winter maximum ice edge scenario for both locations, although this was somewhat variable, and the eventual transition to predominantly ice-free conditions was later for the western Barents Sea site (ca. 9.9 cal. kyr BP) compared to NW Norway (ca. 11.5 cal. kyr BP). For both locations, coeval elevated HBI III (but absent IP25) potentially provides further evidence for increased Atlantic Water inflow during the early Holocene, but this interpretation requires further investigation. In contrast, IP25 and HBI III data obtained from a core from the northern Barents Sea demonstrate that seasonal sea ice prevailed throughout the Holocene, but with a gradual shift from winter ice edge conditions during the early Holocene to more sustained ice cover in the Neoglacial; a directional shift that has undergone a reverse in the last ca. 150 yr according to observational records. Our combined surface and downcore datasets suggest that combined analysis of IP25 and HBI III can provide information on temporal variations in the position of the maximum (winter) Arctic sea ice extent, together with insights into sea ice seasonality by characterisation of the MIZ. Combining IP25 with HBI III in the form of the previously proposed PIP25 index yields similar outcomes to those obtained using brassicasterol as the phytoplankton marker. Importantly, however, some problems associated with use of a variable balance factor employed in the PIP25 calculation, are potentially alleviated using HBI III.

LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE

INTRODUCTION Mount Desert Island is one of the most beautiful places in New England. Situated in the middle of Penobscot Bay in Maine, which is home to Acadia National Park, one of the most visited parks in the National Park system. The landscape is classic Maine, with evergreen trees clinging to a rocky coastline. Over the past 150 years it has been a summer retreat for many, including the Rockefellers who helped create the carriage trails in the Park, and home to the infamous “cottages” of the wealthy that came to the Island starting in the second half of the nineteenth century to escape the hot summer temperatures of the cities. It was on this island, in this historic setting, that Pondicherry was created. With a love of this unique place and a desire to find a way to live here in harmony with the natural setting, the owners sought out Scott Simons Architects to help them design a unique house, one that would combine aesthetic beauty and ultra high environmental performance. They were looking to create...

President's page

EDITOR'S SUMMARYMember and business concerns, project updates and future plans will be addressed during the annual ASIS&amp;T Board of Directors’ summer retreat at the end of July 2014. This is an opportunity for Board members to report as liaisons for committees and task forces, with appreciation for their important contributions to the Association. The Board will continue its focus on membership engagement, drawing feedback from member surveys and interviews and exploring opportunities to enhance membership interaction throughout the year. Members and consultants will report progress to promote those goals through the social media and website redesign initiatives. The Board will also critically evaluate issues related to the ASIS&amp;T Annual Meeting, from its length and structure to perceptions of value by members and guests. The President expresses gratitude to the Board members for their volunteer efforts stewarding the Association and leading preparations for the Annual Meeting in Seattle.