Summer Flowering Research Articles

Influence of Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Foliar Application of Micronutrient of Iron, Zinc and Manganese on Bulb Characteristics of Single Flower Tuberose Plants (Polianthes Tuberosa, L.)

The global market for flowers and ornamental plants is expected to expand at a rate of approximately 6.3% over the next five years, reaching an estimated value of $57.4 billion USD by 2024. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.), a summer flower cultivated by small-scale growers primarily for export. The study was aimed to cultivate tuberose plants in Al-Jabal Al-Khader region, introducing them as a new cut flower crop, as a source for tuberose, and leveraging their economic potential. A field experiment was conducted over two summer growing seasons to investigate the impact of different levels of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, NPK 4:4:4) in application rates (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 kg.ha-1) and foliar sprays of micronutrients iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and a )mixture of these three elements) on tuberose bulbs. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design split-plot with three replications. The NPK fertilizer levels were randomly assigned to the main plots, while the micronutrient treatments were allocated to the subplots. The study found that varying rates of NPK fertilization did not significantly affect the number of bulbs per plant over the two growing seasons. In contrast, the application of micronutrient foliar sprays had a notable impact, with the mixture of Fe, Zn, and Mn yielding the highest significant increase in bulb number per plant in both seasons. It is recommended to apply a mixture of the three micronutrients (Fe, Zn, and Mn) as fertilizer to produce high-quality Tuberose plants for various decorative purposes in landscaping.

The Effects of Mother Tree Size and Flowering Period on Salt Tolerance of <i>Tamarix Austromongolica</i> Seeds in the Yellow River Delta

<i>Tamarix austromongolic</i>a is a two-season flowering plant with a spring and summer flowering period and both flowering periods produce viable seeds, with flowering extending from mid-May to October and seed maturation from mid-June to October. In order to reveal the germination pattern of <i>T. austromongolica</i> seeds in the Yellow River Delta region, this study investigated the salt tolerance of seeds of different age mother trees during the spring and summer flowering periods in the region. Spring and summer flowering seeds of different ground diameter mother trees in the <i>T. austromongolica</i> forest in the region were collected and subjected to seed germination experiments under different concentrations of NaCl solution. The results showed that the diameter grade of the mother tree had a significant impact on seed germination, but had no significant effect on early seedling growth (except for the root length of offspring seedlings during the summer flowering period). As the diameter level of the mother tree increases, the germination rate, germination index, and vitality index of seeds during the spring flowering period first increase and then decrease, with the highest values observed at a ground diameter of 10.0-19.9cm. However, the above indicators of summer flowering seeds gradually decreased with the diameter increasing. There were significant differences in salt tolerance of seeds during different flowering periods. The germination rate and germination index of spring flowering seeds significantly decreased between 11‰ and 15‰, but the effect of salt concentration on summer flowering seed germination was not significant. For the early growth of seedlings, as the salt concentration increased, the root length and seedling height of seed offspring seedlings during spring and summer flowering periods decreased after being higher than 5‰. Compared with spring flowering seeds, summer flowering seeds had higher germination ability and seedling weight under salt stress. Therefore, the salt tolerance of the seeds of <i>T. austromongolica</i> was determined by the size of the mother tree and the flowering period, which is an important strategy for its adaptation to the Yellow River Delta region.

Recent trends in agriculturally relevant climate in Central America

AbstractThis study examines the climatology and trends in climate in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador over the past four decades, against the background of potential impacts on rainfed agriculture, livelihoods, and migration. The results show that there has been a significant warming of surface temperatures, an earlier start to the monsoon, a drier and longer mid‐summer drought, and a delay in the second peak of precipitation from September to October. These changes have led to an increase in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in northern Guatemala and along the Pacific coast in winter. High VPD can stress plants and lead to reduced yields. The study also finds that the thresholds that cause a decline in coffee yield have already been reached in El Salvador, but the average VPD has also risen in Guatemala and Honduras over the past 42 years. Maize yields have also been negatively affected with an inverse relationship with daily maximum temperatures during the summer flowering season. Observed changes and trends in these climate factors are believed to have direct implications for crop yields and livelihoods, potentially driving shifts in migration patterns.

Adjustments of flower opening time and duration in tropical rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) landraces in response to heat stress

AbstractBased on our primary database of the flower opening time (FOT) and flower exposure duration (FED) of 1114 rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) landraces, we examined the influences of growing season, sunrise time as well as day maximum and minimum temperatures on the anthesis behaviour of indica rice landraces of South and Southeast Asia, flowering in summer and winter in 3 consecutive years (2020–2022). We also compared the FOT and FED on sunny and cloudy days of a small set of landraces, and also during summer and winter. Our data show that rice florets tend to open later in the morning and lengthen the sunrise‐to‐anthesis duration (SAD) on hotter sunny days during tropical summer than during winter and on cloudy days. These findings contradict the widely held conjecture, based on studies conducted at colder latitudes, that rice flowers open earlier in the morning to avoid heat stress. We propose that indica rice landraces are sufficiently adapted to tropical summer because they were selected and bred over millennia to withstand heat stress during tropical summer, so their FOT and SAD are weakly influenced by high day temperatures. However, the significant reduction in FED of these landraces, whose flowers open later in mid‐day, seems to be an adaptive mechanism to avoid longer exposure to rising air temperature approaching day maximum temperature.

Selection maintains a nonadaptive floral polyphenism.

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity evolves in response to the contrasting selection pressures that arise when organisms face environmental heterogeneity. Despite its importance for understanding how organisms successfully cope with environmental change, adaptive plasticity is often assumed but rarely demonstrated. We study here the adaptive nature of the extreme seasonal within-individual floral polyphenism exhibited by the crucifer Moricandia arvensis, a Mediterranean species that produces two different types of flowers depending on the season of the year. During spring, this species has large, cross-shaped, lilac flowers, while during summer, it develops small, rounded, white flowers. Although floral polyphenism was associated with increased plant fitness, selection moved floral traits away from their local optimum values during the harsh summer. This result strongly suggests that floral polyphenism is not adaptive in M. arvensis. The main factor selecting against floral polyphenism was pollinators, as they select for the same floral morph in all environments. Despite not being adaptive, floral polyphenism occurs throughout the entire distribution range of M. arvensis and has probably been present since the origin of the species. To solve this paradox, we explored the factors causing floral polyphenism, finding that floral polyphenism was triggered by summer flowering. Summer flowering was beneficial because it led to extra seed production and was favored by adaptive plasticity in leaf functional traits. Taken together, our study reveals a complex scenario in which nonadaptive floral polyphenism has been indirectly maintained over M. arvensis evolutionary history by selection operating to favor summer flowering. Our study provides thus strong evidence that nonadaptive plasticity may evolve as a byproduct of colonizing stressful environments.

Contrasting responses of forest phenological guilds to complex floodplain change

Abstract Understanding the seasonal dynamics of the forest herb layer and the factors that influence it is essential for predicting how the forest ecosystem, including mutualistic interactions, will respond to global change. However, to date, no research has investigated how understorey phenological guilds respond to major environmental threats and forest interventions. We showed the marked changes in the phenological structure of floodplain forest plant communities over half a century at a multi‐regional scale in Central Europe. Unlike previous studies focusing on individual species' responses to climate change, we examined shifts in species richness, frequency and abundance between phenological guilds within the plant community. We examined the effects of temporal variation in climate, hydrology, soil conditions and canopy structure, and assessed the effects of non‐intervention and intervention management on phenological guild responses. Our results show a significant loss of local species richness and a decline in species frequency in the forest understorey vegetation, associated with species exhibiting summer phenology. In contrast, an increase in abundance and richness of spring flowering species was observed, attributed to high nutrient loads and reduced flooding, respectively. The abundance of spring species increased only in stands where canopy cover increased over time, probably due to the suppression of summer flowering species, allowing spring flowering species to spread on open, bare ground. The community experienced a shift in maximum flowering plant richness from June to May. Despite management interventions such as clearcutting and tree planting, our data show similar temporal trajectories in intervention and non‐intervention forests, indicating that changes in phenological structure are largely independent of recent management activities. Synthesis. We propose that a complex interplay of environmental factors, rather than climate change alone, is shaping shifts towards earlier phenological guilds in floodplain forests. This study highlights the importance of considering a comprehensive view of phenological guild dynamics and the impact of environmental factors on forest plant community structure in the face of global change.

Biology of the invasive species Eragrostis plana in Southern Brazil: What have we learned and how may this help us manage it?

AbstractSince its accidental introduction in 1951, the South African species Eragrostis plana has invaded a large part of the Pampa biome in South America, a highly diverse grassland ecosystem that has coexisted with livestock since its introduction at the beginning of the 17th century. E. plana, a perennial tussock grass with a deep and abundant root system, is resistant to frost and cattle grazing, and a successful competitor for environmental resources. The species is diploid, C4 dispersed endozoochorically, and flowers in late spring and early summer, with optimal germination occurring at 35°C and viability up to 39–40°C. It is allelopathic because it produces several phenols and alkaloids. Extreme soil disturbance or intense grazing favours initial invasion. Nonetheless, grazing exclusion enhances E. plana competition and affects the grassland community and diversity. E. plana is highly tolerant to interspecific competition, especially with grasses exhibiting a similar growth habit. Under water stress, it responds faster by increasing its root system by 66% more than native grass. Moreover, antioxidant system activity increases, and the species recovers quickly through osmolyte production. In non‐invaded fields, avoiding soil disturbance and intensive grazing are key strategies to preserving Biome Pampa. Nonetheless, in fields where the invasion has already occurred, grazing must be maintained, cattle quarantined practiced, along with strategies that reduce cover and prevent the spread of E. plana. Liming and fertilising native grasslands improve their potential to compete with E. plana. The wiper applicator, a device that allows glyphosate herbicide application selectively to E. plana, is an important component of the integrated weed management system, especially with very severe infestations. Establishing strategies to contain or manage E. plana should be a priority to preserve the biodiversity of the Pampa. In the future, innovative options could also help prevent new invasions.

Refrigerated flowers in the torrid Mediterranean summer.

Refrigerated flowers in the torrid Mediterranean summer.

Guerrilla Gardening in a Time of Ecological and Social Crisis: An Exploratory Endeavor to Feel Connected with a Lost Piece of Forest

This four-year explorative study is located in a nearby forest, or more accurately a clearcut, in the western part of Sweden. The objective is to contribute to existing knowledge about forest gardening by exploring a forest milieu without trees in the Northern Hemisphere where the conditions are poor. The aim is to support biodiversity in the short term and to find out whether we could cultivate root vegetables, potatoes, and summer flowers in this nutrient-poor and shadowless environment. The study has an eco-philosophical approach that promotes eco-pedagogy and environmental education and a pragmatic pedagogical approach that adopts a "learning-by-doing" belief. The exploration is underpinned by collaborative autoethnography, and the research is conducted in and through practice. The findings show that a planting project in a clearcut requires a lot of preparation and planning and that it is possible to use a clearcut to grow potatoes, peas, and some summer flowers without special efforts, but hard to grow other crops such as vegetables and root vegetables. The project implies that the planting activities in a clearcut may have a deep impact on people’s sense of human-nature identity and respect for the natural environment.

Determinants of Performance of Innovative Integration Summer Flower Value Chain among Medium and Small-Scale Farmers Kenya.

The floriculture industry has undergone significant changes due to evolving global consumption patterns. While previous studies have primarily focused on large-scale production, there is a growing need to understand the potential of small-scale flower production. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the drivers of summer flower production among small-scale flower producers. The research was guided by theories such as global value/supply chain theory, strategic management theory, institutional theory, and transaction cost theory. A mixed-method approach was employed to collect data from 217 medium and small-scale summer flower growers in Kenya. The study findings indicate that the agribusiness value chain has a positive impact on the performance of summer flower farmers. Additionally, partnerships play a crucial role in ensuring just-in-time delivery to direct market

Proximate cues of flowering in a subtropical rain forest

AbstractPlants have evolved mechanisms to track seasonal variation in environmental resources, enabling them to time key life‐history events to appropriate seasons. While the proximate cues for flowering initiation are well documented in the temperate region, it is still unclear what the flowering cues are in the tropics, especially in the subtropics. Our study compared first flowering dates (FFDs) predicted by eight hypothesized proximate cues concerning photoperiod, mean and directional changes in solar irradiance and warm/cool temperature, and rainfall with flowering dates observed over 19 years of weekly monitoring for 16 species in a subtropical rain forest. We observed considerable interannual variation in the median FFDs for the study species, ranging from 21 to 101 days. The early‐spring flowering species tended to have greater interannual variation in FFDs than the summer flowering species. For 13 study species, temperature cues best explained interannual variation in FFDs. Cool temperatures in the previous fall/winter and warm temperatures in the current spring (or previous summer) might trigger the onset of flowering in these 13 species. Cues associated with photoperiod and irradiance also predicted interannual variation in FFDs with small root mean square error (<1.5 census intervals) for 12 species but generally had higher prediction errors than temperature‐related cues. Cues associated with seasonal variation in rainfall failed to predict flowering times in any species. Our results suggest that future changes in temperature may alter flowering times for most species in subtropical forests, leading to changes in ecosystem processes and biosphere feedback to the climate system.Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.

TWO-YEAR FLOWER CULTURES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF BILA TSERKVA NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

The article presents the results of the analysis of the collection of two-year-old flowering ornamental plants in the Botanical garden of Bila Tserkva national agrarian university. It was established that the biennial collection includes 17 species belonging to 15 genera and 10 families. The largest number of species is represented by the family Brassicaceae Burnett. – Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala DC., Erysimum perovskianum Fisch.hort., Hesperis matronalis L., Lunaria biennis L. The collection presents species that have not only decorative, but also medicinal, fodder, and tanning properties. Diditalis grandiflora contains poisonous glycosides. Alcea rosea has ethnographic significance and belongs to amulet plants.
 The morphometric indicators of biennials by height and their flowering periods were analyzed. It was established that 41,2% of the collection of biennials of the Botanical Garden of the Bila Tserkva NAU belongs to low-growing species, medium-sized and tall plants are represented by the same number of species, which is 29,4% each. The largest number of species in the collection is represented by the group of summer-flowering biennials, 47,1%, late-spring-flowering ones make up 29,4%, and early-flowering ones – 23,5% of species. 
 Most biennials are cultivated in open ground to decorate flower beds, only a few to create seasonal bouquets and phytocompositions. Thanks to the plasticity of biennials, which is manifested in non-standard sowing dates, relative frost resistance and early spring and early summer flowering periods, biennials reduce the costs of growing seedlings and care for them after planting in a permanent place, provide an annual change in the design of flower beds and fill the flowerless periods of early spring and early summer. Biennials are suitable for creating borders, flower beds, rabatoks, lawns, carpets, ribbons, for decorating flowerbed groups and balconies, container culture. Tall species can be used as a background for the entire composition. Varietal diversity of Bellis perennis L., Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala DC, Dianthus caryophyllus L. var. Grenadine hort, Dianthus barbatus L., Viola wittrockiana Gams. allows you to create monoculture flower beds with a wide color palette.

Can biogeography help bumblebee conservation?

Bumblebees (Bombus Latreille, 1802), because of their large body size, bright colours and activity at times and places that coincide with biologists, are an example of a group of insects that is particularly well represented in museum collections. This is important if taxonomic revisions are to achieve greater comparability among species. Bumblebees have also attracted particular attention because they are especially ecologically and economically valuable for pollination in north temperate regions, where they are now becoming increasingly threatened. I argue that the what, the where, and the how of effective conservation management may be informed by understanding the divergent characteristics that have affected their biogeographical past: by helping us to see ‘the woods’, not just ‘the trees’, of their habitat needs. Identifying suitable habitat should be part of reconstructing historical biogeography within taxonomic revisions. For bumblebees, for example, biogeographical analysis associates major taxonomic groups either with flower-rich lowland grasslands or with flower-rich montane grasslands, highlighting their contrasting requirements for: nest sites, flowers of different depths, pollen-plant families, and especially the differing importance of early spring and late summer flowers for breeding success. This broad view of species groups helps filter the less important idiosyncrasies from local case studies in order to focus conservation actions.

Triploid and aneuploid hybrids obtained from hybridization between Eriobotrya japonica and E. cavaleriei

A short ripening stage, multiple large seeds per fruit, and anthracnose disease seriously restrict the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) industry. To obtain breeding germplasm of loquat with multiple ideal traits, a wild Eriobotrya species, E. cavaleriei (2n=2x=34), which flowers in late spring and early summer and whose fruits ripen in autumn, was used as the male parent to produce triploid plants from crosses with loquat tetraploid (2n=4x=68) lines (EjK474, EjB433 and EjB456). Fifteen progenies were obtained from three hybridizations, and 13 plants were identified as hybrids according to insertion-deletion (InDel) markers. All 13 hybrids were roughly identified as triploids by flow cytometry. Therein, 4 plants were identified as aneuploids with decreased or increased chromosome numbers based on sequencing depth according to reduced-representation genome sequencing. The sequencing depth on some chromosomes of these 4 hybrids was approximately 2/3 times or 1.41 times the average depth of all detected InDel loci. Frequencies of the loquat parent-specific alleles on increased or decreased chromosomes were approximately 50% or 75%. This verified that increased or decreased alleles in the 4 hybrids were all from tetraploid parents. The fruit flesh color genotypes of all hybrids were detected; there were two red-flesh alleles and one white-flesh allele in all hybrids. Leaves of E. cavaleriei were highly resistant to anthracnose in an in vitro assay, and the leaves of loquat B433 were sensitive. Disease spot diameters on the leaves of hybrids were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) than those of B433 after infection by spores of C. gloeosporioides. Therefore, the resistance of the hybrids was greater than that of the female parent B433. All these results showed that allotriploids can be obtained via hybridization between loquat tetraploids and E. cavaleriei, with some aneuploids as secondary products. Different flowering phases and fruit ripening stages, seedlessness and resistance to anthracnose might be combined in allotriploids. This study verified that resequencing can be used to identify the molecular karyotype of interspecific hybrids.

Reference genes selection for qRT-PCR analysis in various flowering transition events of Magnolia ×soulangeana ‘Changchun’

The appropriate reference genes are the prerequisite for gene expression analysis by qPCR, and their stability can affect the delicate and reliable results directly. Magnolia ×soulangeana ‘Changchun’ is a representative ornamental Magnolia that possesses a complex annual flowering cycle, including floral transition, dormancy, and twice blooming, and it is of great value and significance in investigating the flowering regulation of magnolias. In order to screen the appropriate reference genes related to various flowering transition events in ‘Changchun’, nine candidate reference genes were selected for qPCR analysis based on transcriptome data. Here, the expression stability of these nine genes in 63 different ‘Changchun’ samples was evaluated by four statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder). The results showed that GBP, UBQ, UBC and GAPDH were identified as the most stable gene in the floral transition, summer flowering initiation, spring flowering initiation and dormancy, respectively. Notably, UBQ showed the highest expression stability in the integrative flowering events set while UBC was suitable for the all samples set. Particularly, GBP was the relatively stable one in all sets. Further gene expression verification indicated that qPCR results using UBC+GBP as the reference genes were the most highly correlated with high throughput sequencing data. In general, the present study suggests that reference genes selection is developmental stage-dependent, and UBC+GBP is recommended as the best reference gene combination applied in qPCR assays of the integrative flowering events in ‘Changchun’. These findings will provide technical support for further molecular regulation studies of flowering events or other biological processes in magnolias, and even can be extended to other species.

Four Elegies

Four Elegies

First report of leaf spot on Deutzia crenata caused by Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora in China.

Deutzia crenata Sieb. et Zucc, native to Japan, with white flowers in early summer, is a high quality ornamental shrub widely planted in China.In October 2021, a new leaf spot disease was observed on approximately 70% of the 320 D. crenatatreesgrowing in NanjingBotanical Garden, Jiangsu Province, China. The disease started as irregular small gray spots on the leaf of D. crenata that coalesced into larger lesions. Infected leaves turned yellow (Figure S1A) and leaves with multiple spots withered. To isolate the pathogen, leaf sections (3 to 4 mm) were excised from the lesion margin, surface sterilized in 75% alcohol for 30 s and then in 1.5% NaClO for 90 s, rinsed three times in sterilized distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25℃in the darkness. Pure cultures were obtained by monosporic isolation. The colony of a representative isolate (L-1), growing on PDA was circular, white, and cottony, and the surface undulate and pale luteous (Figure S1B). The reverse was similar in color (Figure S1C). The conidial masses were black and appeared over PDA plates after 12 days (Figure S1D). Conidia [18.3 to 28.4×5.4 to 8.5 µm (mean 24.5×6.7 µm)] (n=35) were fusiform to ellipsoid and four-septate (one basal and one apical cell hyaline, and three brown median cells), with two to three apical appendages (Figure S1E). These characteristics were consistent with the description of Neopestalotiopsis sp. (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Three regions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α), and β-tubulin (TUB) genes (GenBank Accession No. OM663738, No. OM687134 and No.OM687133, respectively) were amplified and sequenced with the primers pairs ITS1/ITS4 (Innis et al. 1990), EF1-526F/EF1-1567R (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014) and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995), respectively. The obtained sequences were 95.4-99.8% similar to those from Neopestalotiopsis sp. accessions in GenBank. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was generated by combining all sequenced loci in MEGA7. The isolate L-1 clustered in the N. ellipsospora clade with 98% bootstrap support (Figure S2). To test pathogenicity, three detached healthy leaves and three one-year-old D. crenata seedlings were inoculated with 20 μL conidia suspension (1×106 spores/mL) on the left sides of leaves. The right side of each leaf was inoculation with 20 µL of sterile water as the experimental control. All plants were covered with clear polyethylene bags and incubated in a greenhouse (Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences) at 25℃, 80% relative humidity, and a 12-h light/dark cycle. The experiment was repeated three times. After 5 days of inoculation, leaf spots typical of those observed in the orchards were observed on the left sides of all inoculated leaves and the right sides did not have any leaf spot symptoms (Figure S1F-G). The same fungus was isolated from the diseased spots of the inoculated leaves to complete Koch,s postulates (Figure S1H). N. ellipsosporais known to cause leaf spots on Camellia sinensisand sweet potato, infects fruits of Ardisia crenata in China (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2019), and causes stem spots on Acanthopanax divaricatus in Korea (Yun et al. 2015). This is the first report ofN. ellipsosporacausing leaf spot onD. crenata in the world. The occurrence of this disease needs to be monitored, because it can reduce the ornamental value of D. crenata. This finding provides the foundation to further investigate the biology and epidemiology of this disease so that effective strategies can be developed to manage this disease.

Family Scoliidae as parasitoids of (Insecta: Hymenoptera) beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Scoliidae waxes are solitary parasitoids from scarab beetle larvae. Female Scoliidae throws themselves into the ground in search of these larvae and then paralyze them with a string. Before laying the egg, they sometimes dig up the chamber and move the paralyzed beetle larva into it. Scoliidae wasps act as important biocontrol agents because many of the beetles they parasitize are pests, including the Japanese beetle. Male Scoliidae guards the territory, ready to mate with females emerging from the ground. Adult wasps can be flower pollinators of some plants and can find it on many flowers in late summer. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Family Scoliidae as parasitoids of (Insecta: Hymenoptera) beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). For this, a bibliographic survey of Scoliidae was carried out oufromin the years 1971 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented at national and international scientific events were considered. Data were also obtained from Plataforma: Academia.edu, Frontiers, Qeios, Pubmed, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science and ERIC.

Морфобиохимические особенности интродуцированных видов Hemerocallis в лесостепи Новосибирской области

In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the morphobiochemical features of five species of the genus Hemerocallis were studied: H. lilio-asphodelus – Yellow Daylily, H. minor – L. Malyi, H. middendorffii – L. Middendorf, H. citrina – L. lemon yellow, H. fulva – L. brown-yellow. The paper presents comparative data for 2020-2021. The rhythm of growth and development of spring-early summer flowering species is presented: H. lilio-asphodelus, H. minor, H. middendorffii, H. citrina and summer flowering species H. fulva. Individual morphometric parameters of the height of the generative shoot, the size of the flower, their number in the inflorescence and the number of formed generative shoots over two growing periods are described. Comparative results on the content of ash, ascorbic acid, tannins in leaves, flowers and rhizomes of five species are analyzed. In flowers, the greatest accumulation of ash substances was observed in H. middendorfii (8.3–9.4 %), ascorbic acid in H. citrina (18.1–19.7 mg%). The concentration of ascorbic acid in the leaves of plants of the studied species was high and varied from 15.2 to 17.9 mg%. The ash content in the leaves ranged from 7.1 to 10.4 %, with the highest content in H. lilioasphodelus and H. middendorfii. It was found that the concentration of tannins in the leaves of all species was higher in 2021: 1.1 times in H. lilio-asphodelus; 1.3 times in H. fulva; 1.5 times in H. citrine; 2.1 times in H. minor. In H. middendorfii this indicator was relatively stable (2.3– 2.4 %).The species specificity of morphobiochemical features of introduced species in the south of the Novosibirsk region with aligned and stable adaptive potential is noted, which makes it possible to use them in the landscaping of this region.

МАЛОИЗВЕСТНЫЕ ПРЯНО-АРОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ВИДЫ РАСТЕНИЙ РОДА AGASTACHE В КУЛЬТУРЕ (РЕСПУБЛИКА БАШКОРТОСТАН)

This paper presents the results of an introductory study of two species of Agastache Clayt. ex Gronov genus: A. mexicana (Kunth) Lint &amp; Epling and A. rupestris (Greene) Standl. The research was con- ducted in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe). Agastache are aromatic, medicinal, decorative and flowering plants. The seasonal rhythm of growth and development, morphometric parameters were studied, the success rate of introduction was assessed. Agastache belong to the group of spring-summer-autumn-green plants with a period of winter rest, spring awakening period and late summer flowering period. Spring shoot growth is in early May, on average; for A. rupestris, the budding phase is on 19.07, for A. mexicana it is on 23.07; for A. rupestris, the flowering starts on 25.07, for A. mexicana, it begins on 04.08. The flowering period of Agastache species lasts 35 days, so they are classified as long-flowering plants. The species go through a full life cycle, including the formation of full seeds. Plants demonstrate high rates of growth and development, forming a developed green top, but cannot winter in the open ground. Species reproduce through seeds in spring. The introductory study has shown that Agastache species are promising for cultivation and can be used for creating fragrant gardens, as a medicinal raw material in folk medicine and as a seasoning in cooking.