Summary Articles Research Articles

Management of large head and neck defects in the vessel-depleted neck.

Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often utilized in the treatment of head and neck cancer. These treatments can cause extensive scarring within the neck and can limit the viability of recipient vessels for further microvascular reconstruction. Patients with vessel-depleted necks provide a significant challenge for microvascular surgeons and are a topic of much discussion in the field. While reconstruction in the vessel-depleted neck is an active area of interest, the patient population is rare. Therefore, single institution series with small numbers comprise the majority of published literature. Recent publications describe techniques for identifying adequate recipient vessel options outside of the field of treatment with excellent free flap outcomes. Further, recent summary articles describe techniques for addressing issues with pedicle length that can arise when using vessels that are far from the defect to be reconstructed. When viable vessel options are available within the treatment field, these recipient vessels can be used with good reliability and free flap success. If in-field recipient vessels are not available, minimal access incisions can be used to identify superficial temporal, angular, contralateral facial, or transverse cervical vessels. Further away from the treatment field, internal mammary vessels can be harvested through open or robotic approaches. If the use of these distant vessels creates issues with pedicle length, interposition vein grafts, arteriovenous (AV) loops, or flow-through flaps can be used to augment vessel length.

Anatomy and Deficiency of the Deltoid Muscle: A Review of Literature.

The deltoid muscle is impacted by common injuries and clinical procedures. This study aims to summarize the anatomy, injuries, and clinical considerations involving the deltoid muscle. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords that focused on the deltoid muscle in the shoulder. Primary research articles and appropriate summary articles were selected for review. Reduced deltoid muscle function can be caused by axillary nerve injury, rupture of the deltoid itself, or iatrogenic damage to the muscle. The deltoid muscle has an intimate relationship with the axillary nerve and neighboring rotator cuff muscles. Injury to these nearby structures may be masked by compensating deltoid strength. Examination maneuvers in clinic such as the Akimbo Test should be used to isolate the deltoid muscle to determine if the presenting weakness is from the deltoid itself or from other surrounding injury. Additionally, prior to performing clinical procedures, it is important to be cognitive of the injuries that can occur. For example, incisions that extend distally from the acromion should not extend beyond 5-7 cm as this is the common location of the axillary nerve and vaccine administration should take measures to avoid misplaced injections to avoid unnecessary trauma. Deficiency of the deltoid muscle can be debilitating to patients and it is best clinical practice be aware of the anatomy, various causes, tests, and avoidance measures to help diagnose, restore or preserve normal functioning.

COVID-19 Pandemic Fatigue: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Pandemic fatigue encompasses exhaustion, emotional strain, and decreased motivation due to prolonged pandemic effects. This scoping review examines pandemic fatigue issues related to COVID-19, aiming to suggest effective management strategies. We assessed 2,558 records from 1st of December 2019 until 27th of March 2022 in PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and ClinicalKey. Following Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and PRISMA-ScR principles, we selected 31 studies including research papers employing either quantitative or qualitative methods and editorials and other summary articles after excluding redundant and irrelevant works. The authors provide six critical answers to understand better and manage pandemic fatigue, including the need for more research and support, the collaboration between key stakeholders and the community, and the use of information to address pandemic fatigue. The review found that pandemic fatigue is prevalent among certain groups, such as students and healthcare workers. Factors contributing to pandemic fatigue include age, gender, high perceived severity of COVID-19, low trust in government or health organizations, and low social connectedness. The review also identified an instrument, the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatigue Scale, that can be used to measure pandemic fatigue. The review concluded that identifying pandemic fatigue as early as possible is absolutely important and people and their government should work together to handle the fatigue. Many countries have acknowledged the presence hence manage it differently. Nonetheless the strategy suggested by WHO has provided an excellent framework to tackle the pandemic fatigue.

Kajian Naratif: Praktik Konsumsi Jenis Makanan Untuk Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Remaja Putri

Anemia is a condition where the red blood cells are below the normal category. The incidence of adolescent girls anemia in 2012 in Indonesia was 75.9%. One way to overcome the incidence of anemia by consuming foods that contain high iron and other nutrients. The purpose of the study was to determine the types of food that could be consumed by adolescent girls in order to increase Hb levels. The research method is literature review. Search articles using Google Scholar and ResearchGate with the keywords (“Hemoglobin Increase” and “Adolescent Girls”). Synthesis of the results using a matrix of summary articles, identification and comparison of themes. The results showed that there was an effect of certain types of food on increasing Hb levels, namely in the form of juices (kurlapa juice, SF+red guava juice, beetroot juice, green bean juice) and other foods (rice flakes+jaggery, dates, eggs, laddu yeast+ Moringa leaf powder + Fe tablets, Moringa leaf powder, tolo bean sticks). Green bean juice is most effective because it contains substances for the formation of red blood cells. The provision of green bean juice which is relatively cheap and easy to manufacture can be widely given to young women.

The Authentic D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak: Publication Principles and the Reception of the Writer’s Oeuvre

The editions of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak’s works published so far, including the most representative 12‑volume collections, do not give a complete idea of the creative heritage of the writer. The article focuses on the problems of publishing the Complete Works of Mamin-Sibiryak in 20 volumes conceived based on the Bank Kulturnoy Informatsii publishing house in Yekaterinburg and carried out by the efforts of the research team of the Department of Russian and Foreign Literature of Ural Federal University in collaboration with the Centre of Russian Literature of the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author of the article considers three large sets of problems in the realisation of the project. Firstly, they concern the principles of arranging works in separate volumes. As is customary with complete collections of works, the chronological principle functions as the dominating one but with indispensable consideration of the genre-generic specifics and Mamin’s characteristic tendency to cyclising minor prose genres. The author examines issues related to the typology of documentary and journalistic works and their differences from purely fiction texts and topical issues behind the representation of the writer’s epistolary heritage in the planned edition. Secondly, the author singles out the complexities of the textological order in a separate group examining problems of attribution of unknown texts by Mamin-Sibiryak. He also considers the problems of working with the literary texts published in the writer’s lifetime under different names and in different versions and editions. Special attention is paid to the problem of the author’s punctuation, which is significant in terms of editorial practice. Thirdly, the article considers problems of commenting and reception of Mamin-Sibiryak’s oeuvre. The author provides a typology of comments to the planned scholarly and critical publication highlighting textual, historical, literary, and linguo-culturological comments. It is noted that the issues of reception of works of art – primarily in terms of their problems and poetics – should take their rightful place in summary articles for each volume. Finally, the article provides a list of a few promising projects, for example, the Reference Dictionary (a preliminary work for the future Mamin Encyclopaedia), the virtual scholarly laboratory Mamin-Sibiryak: Materials and Research which should be considered a necessary incentive and a logical consequence of work on the complete works of the writer.

A Review of the Research Progress of Motor Vibration and Noise

Motor vibration and noise is an important index to measure motor performance. How to reduce vibration and noise is one of the important topics in the field of motor design. Analysis, calculation, and reduction of motor vibration and noise have attracted more and more attention from motor designers. Based on the three main types of noise sources of motors, this paper firstly analyzes their causes and mechanisms and secondly introduces their main research methods. Although there are many summary articles on the research of motor vibration and noise, most of the theories and research methods on the causes of various kinds of noise are not comprehensive enough, lacking theoretical calculation and analysis, especially for mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise. This paper summarizes the research in the recent ten years, especially in the recent five years, with a view to providing a reference for the future development of this field.

Summary of Application of Vehicle Radiation Environmental Monitoring System

The vehicle-borne radiation environmental monitoring system is not restricted by time, location and weather, and in the event of a sudden nuclear accident, it can quickly enter the accident site and monitor the ambient reflectivity level and absorbed air dose rate at the first time. At the same time, the vehicle-borne data communication and processing system is used to transmit the real-time data to the platform of emergency monitoring and dispatching, which provides powerful technical support for accurate radioactive evaluation and emergency decision-making. At present, domestic and foreign research on vehicle-borne environmental radiation monitoring system is more extensive, but there are fewer summary articles. In this paper, the application and development direction of the vehicle-borne radiation environmental monitoring system are briefly described, and some suggestions are proposed for establishing of corresponding dose correction methods and technical regulations according to the problems faced by the existing technology.

Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research and Practice welcome editorial

Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research and Practice welcome editorial

Do we really know what’s in our plate?

Introduction: Food fraud is an ancient crime that in the last decade has received substantial attention from the criminal and food authorities, industry, academic community, media and consumers [1–5]. The global food fraud costs have been estimated to ascend $10 billion and $15 billion per year, affecting approximately 10% of all commercially sold food products [3]. In EU, food fraud crimes are considered intentional acts that violate the food law, target illicit economic gains and cause consumer deception [5]. Generally they do not harm the human health. This study aims to survey the reported food frauds/adulteration cases in the EU and in Portugal (PT) in the 21st century in order to identify overall patterns regarding these crimes. Materials and methods: Concerning the EU cases, we collected and analysed all food product category notifications (30) of the public Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database, notified between 01.2000 and 04.2018, under the hazard category of ‘fraud/adulteration’ (n= 1223) [6], the OPSON reports (II-VI) [1], an Interpol-Europol project to mitigate food fraud, and the monthly summary of articles on food fraud and adulteration from the recent Knowledge Centre for Food Fraud and Quality (09.2016-04.2018)(food fraud cases n = 197) [7]. The PT fraud cases were retrieved and analysed from the Portuguese Economic and Food Safety Authority (ASAE)(Press release 2016-04.2018, n = 151) [8]. Results: 53% of the RASFF fraud notifications were carried out in 2014 and 2018. This could also reflect the recent EU efforts combating food fraud. Fish and seafood, meat, including poultry, and their products, are among the largest categories among the fraud notifications (34% of RASFF and ASAE cases; OPSON reports II-VI, 2011e2016 ≈3×106 tones seized), along with nuts, nuts products, and seeds and fruits and vegetables (38% of RASFF cases). 4% of the RASFF notifications concerns food presenting a serious risk and/or that required a rapid intervention. Illegal trade and/or changed expire dates are the main reasons of those alert notifications. In Portugal, fraud in wine and wine products is important (19% of ASAE cases). The predominant types of fraud described in the monthly summary articles are mislabeling and origin masking (53% and 18% of the EU cases). Fish is also a food category prone to fraud. Discussion and conclusions: In general, in EU and in PT, food categories of animal origin, namely fish, seafood, meat and their products are very vulnerable food categories to food safety frauds. Alcoholic beverages, mostly wine, extra virgin olive oil and other high quality food linked to a geographical origin, a varietal identification and/or a specific quality are very sensitive foods regarding authenticity and others deceiving consumer types of infringements.

Economic Analysis of Widespread Adoption of CSR and Sustainability Reporting Standards: Structured Overview of CSR Literature

In this appendix to Christensen, Hail, and Leuz (2018), “Economic Analysis of Widespread Adoption of CSR and Sustainability Reporting Standards,” Research report (available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3315673), we classify and briefly summarize extant academic literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability reporting. Based on a systematic search and review of articles in leading accounting, economics, finance, and management journals as well as ongoing research, we identify more than 380 published articles and working papers on topics related to CSR and CSR reporting. For each academic study, we provide a summary of the research question and the variables of interest, the research design, and the main results. We also indicate the research methods applied and whether the study specifically relates to CSR reporting issues or rather to CSR activities in general. We group the studies into seven topical areas, each represented by its own summary table, and add a table containing CSR review and summary articles at the end.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells

Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cell(UOC) published to date, and most have been in Asia, is a rare occurrence making up 1% of all pancreatic malignancies.With the increasing number of reported cases of the disease, the degree of awareness of the disease also gradually deepened, but there are few summary articles for the clinical features, imaging features, pathological features, treatment programs, prognosis and other aspects of UOC.Hence, this article is going to introduce pathological features, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of adjuvant advances of UOC in detail.

2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a near-continuous review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation science that replaces the previous 5-year cyclic batch-and-queue approach process. This is the first of an annual series of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations summary articles that will include the cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in the previous year. The review this year includes 5 basic life support and 1 pediatric Consensuses on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Each of these includes a summary of the science and its quality based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force members are provided in Values and Preferences sections. Finally, the task force members have prioritized and listed the top 3 knowledge gaps for each population, intervention, comparator, and outcome question.

2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a near-continuous review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation science that replaces the previous 5-year cyclic batch-and-queue approach process. This is the first of an annual series of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations summary articles that will include the cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in the previous year. The review this year includes 5 basic life support and 1 paediatric Consensuses on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Each of these includes a summary of the science and its quality based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force members are provided in Values and Preferences sections. Finally, the task force members have prioritised and listed the top 3 knowledge gaps for each population, intervention, comparator, and outcome question.

The Harling Site (41FN1): An Ancestral Caddo Mound Site on the Red River in Fannin County, Texas

The Harling site (41FN1), also earlier known as the Morgan Place, is a little-known ancestral Caddo mound site located on the first alluvial terrace of the Red River in the northeastern corner of Fannin County in East Texas. The only professional archaeological investigations at the Harling site took place in November-December 1960 by a University of Texas crew led by Dr. E. Mott Davis, in advance of proposed mound leveling by the landowner. Other than short summary articles by Davis, the results of the excavations and analyses of the recovered artifacts from the Harling site have not been previously published. The mound at the site was leveled in 1963 by the landowner, Mr. R. A. Harling. The single mound at the site was approximately 70 x 52 x 2.1 m in length, width, and height. There was a borrow pit area at the southern end of the mound. The mound at the Harling site appears to be the westernmost known of the more than 100 Caddo mounds that have been reported in East Texas. According to Davis (1996:463), the site is on the western frontier of Caddo communities in the Red River valley, and Caddo settlements are found at most only a few miles to the west of the site along the river, but are common to the east of the Harling mound. Based on the 1960 excavations of the mound and an examination at that time of the surrounding alluvial landforms—which were plowed—there was no substantial Caddo settlement at the Harling site, or any associated settlement cluster within ca. 2.5 km of the mound, although there were scattered artifacts from the surface dispersed both east and west of the mound. When R. L. Stephenson, E. O. Miller, and Lester Wilson visited the Harling site in August 1950, however, they commented that artifacts were abundant in the plowed fields around the mound. In particular they noted that the ceramic sherds were mostly plain and grog-tempered, and some of the sherds had a red slip (i.e., Sanders Plain). R. King Harris also collected artifacts from the site, primarily from an area to the west of the mound and near the edge of the alluvial terrace . He collected from this area W Gary dart points, Alba arrow points, plain sherds, and one Coles Creek Incised rim with an incised lip line. In the fields east of the mound, Harris collected a number of small triangular arrow points, suggesting that this area was where the latest Caddo occupation had taken place.

Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review - Great Expectations.

The pace at which Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review is maturing is really impressive. We are now preparing our fourth issue and the volume of manuscripts considered, the quality of accepted papers, and the names behind them, are really amazing. It is obvious that the electrophysiology community is convinced about the need for regular reviews and summary articles on our ever-evolving and intellectually demanding discipline. Apart from submitting their excellent papers, our colleagues have also wholeheartedly responded towards supporting the reviewing and editing process of our journal. I am proud to announce that Karl-Heinz Kuck has joined us as Section Editor on Clinical Electrophysiology and Ablation, and Angelo Auricchio as Section Editor on Implantable Devices. Together with Andrew Grace, our Section Editor on Arrhythmia Mechanisms and Basic Science, they comprise a very promising team indeed. I am also very glad to welcome Sonny Jackman, Bill Stevenson, Sunny Po and Frank Marchlinski onto our editorial board. I am sure none of them needs any introduction. Please continue to support Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review with your high-quality contributions. We have already initiated the process of getting the journal into PubMed and Medline, and we can all be assured that our papers will not only be valuable tools for clinicians and scientists; they will also be properly identifiable and contribute to the recognition of our efforts. This will be the epitome of our success.

Ethical Issues In Pediatric Psychiatric Clinical Trials

Abstract Background: Over the last decade, the number of research trials investigating psychiatric medications for children and adolescents has increased dramatically. However, this research brings to light ethical concerns regarding the doubly vulnerable population of children with psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes some of the practices established to reduce the risks this population may incur from participating in clinical trials research. Methods: A narrative synthesis was developed after a review of several summary articles focused on the issue of ethical issues in pediatric psychiatric clinical trials. Results: Federal regulations have been established to ensure that the rights and safety of children are protected during research participation, such as the four levels of risk to which every research protocol is assigned. This assignment is made based on all of the potential risks and benefits associated with participation. Safeguards exist to ensure that risks are minimized or eliminated whenever possible. The consent process and the requirement of assent (if applicable) is an opportunity to ensure that legal guardians and participants alike understand the meaning of their participation in the research and are not under a “therapeutic misconception” of benefit from research. All studies are required to receive approval from an Investigational Review Board before starting any study-related procedures, and some studies receive additional oversight from data safety and monitoring boards if they involve a highly vulnerable population, such as pediatric psychiatric clinical trials. Conclusions: Even with safeguards like these in place, many concerns still remain regarding the ethics surrounding this area of research. However, these obstacles should not discourage researchers from exploring the issues that need to be addressed in order to provide the best care possible for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.

Editorial: NAR Surveys the Past, Present and Future of Restriction Endonucleases

In this issue, Nucleic Acids Research presents five Survey and Summary articles that describe the historical development of studies on restriction endonucleases and summarize much of our current understanding of this diverse and complex group of enzymes. The first of these articles, entitled ‘Highlights of the DNA cutters: a short history of the restriction enzymes’ (1), describes seminal studies on bacteriophage host restriction, details subsequent work on type I and type III enzymes that established the restriction-modification (RM) paradigm and summarizes other landmark events that led to restriction enzymes becoming a main driving force in the development of modern biotechnology and molecular medicine. Other Survey and Summary articles in this issue describe three of the major types of RM systems as they are understood today (2–4). The different types of RM systems—of which there are currently four—vary in their cofactor dependence, in the spatial relationship of DNA binding and cleavage sites and in the way in which endonuclease and modification activities are physically and mechanistically coupled to one another. The last of the Survey and Summary articles in this issue discusses RM systems in the broader context of toxin–antitoxin genetic systems, which exist in great variety throughout the microbial world (5). With this issue, NAR enters its 42nd year of publication. The journal was founded during the period when restriction endonucleases began to be widely adopted for molecular biology research. An article in one of our first issues presented an early restriction map of the SV40 virus, which was an essential precursor to the sequencing of the viral genome (6). Another article from journal’s early years described a widely adopted method for restriction enzyme purification (7). In subsequent years, we published semiannual updates describing the popular REBASE database. Indeed, >10% of the articles published since the journal’s inception are indexed as dealing with RM systems in a significant fashion. The current collection of Survey and Summary articles thus builds on our long tradition of coverage of this field. It is important to recognize that the structural protein folds, catalytic motifs and catalytic mechanisms that are found in restriction endonucleases and methyltransferases are also observed in a wide variety of other enzymes, including those responsible for the transfer of mobile DNA elements, the repair of DNA lesions and the maintenance of genome integrity. Several decades of detailed studies of restriction endonucleases (and of their corresponding modification enzymes) have motivated and informed investigations in these other areas of biology. At the same time, RM systems have provided the reagents required for the development of rapid and inexpensive genome sequencing technologies, powerful strategies for genome engineering, new methods for therapeutic gene modification and correction and novel protein- and cell-based medicines. We hope that, as well as being interesting and informative, the current articles will remind our readers of the importance of basic research for the development of future therapies and new applications in biotechnology. In retrospect, the contribution of restriction endonucleases to modern molecular biology and biomedicine seems obvious and inevitable. However, it should be remembered that the original studies of phage restriction were driven purely by intellectual curiosity, and were supported by research infrastructures that valued discovery for discovery’s sake. The critical importance of such studies for creating new technologies for medicine and technology, as illustrated by >60 years of restriction endonuclease research, can be used as an example for all who believe in the importance of research and development for future generations.

Freiheit, Fortschritt, und Verheißung: Blickwechsel zwischen Europa und Nordamerika seit der frühen Neuzeit

Freiheit, Fortschritt, und Verheißung: Blickwechsel zwischen Europa und Nordamerika seit der frühen Neuzeit

The deltoid ligament: an in-depth review of anatomy, function, and treatment strategies

A literature review of the deltoid ligament was conducted, examining the current literature on anatomy, function, and treatment strategies. In particular, anatomical inconsistencies within the literature were evaluated, and detailed anatomical dissections are presented. A literature search was conducted on PubMed using keywords relevant to the deltoid ligament in the ankle and medial ankle instability. Primary research articles, as well as appropriate summary articles, were selected for review. While it is well defined that the deltoid is contiguous and divided into one superficial and one deep portion, the creation of the individual fibres may be artificial. Furthermore, while improvements in imaging techniques and arthroscopy have not led to a consensus on the anatomy of the ligament, they may help improve recognition of deltoid injuries. Once identified, the majority of deltoid injuries can be treated via conservative treatment. However, reparative and reconstructive treatment strategies can also be used for complex acute injuries or chronic medial ankle instability. Given the continuing evolution of the anatomical understanding of the ligament, the current treatment protocol for deltoid injuries requires further standardization, with an emphasis on proper diagnosis.

Automatically building templates for entity summary construction

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatic generation of summary templates from given collections of summary articles. We first develop an entity-aspect LDA model to simultaneously cluster both sentences and words into aspects. We then apply frequent subtree pattern mining on the dependency parse trees of the clustered and labeled sentences to discover sentence patterns that well represent the aspects. Finally, we use the generated templates to construct summaries for new entities. Key features of our method include automatic grouping of semantically related sentence patterns and automatic identification of template slots that need to be filled in. Also, we implement a new sentence compression algorithm which use dependency tree instead of parser tree. We apply our method on five Wikipedia entity categories and compare our method with three baseline methods. Both quantitative evaluation based on human judgment and qualitative comparison demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our method.