Sumba Ongole Cattle Research Articles

Studi Morfologi Kelenjar Aksesoris Kelamin Jantan Sapi Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus)

Sumba Ongole cattle are one of the local types of cattle that are most commonly found in Indonesia. Bulls have accessory gland are ampulla, vesicular glands, prostate glands, and bulbourethral glands. The aim of this research is to determine the anatomical morphology and histology of male accessory glands in Sumba Ongole cattle. The research sample was six Sumba Ongole cattle that had been slaughtered at the East Sumba Regency Slaughterhouse. Macroscopic examination carried out tissue fixation in 10% formalin, tissue processing, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results of the research show that the male accessory glands in Sumba Ongole cattle have the ampullary gland, vesicular gland, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland.. Microscopically, each gland is covered by a capsule and has a secretory gland. The ampullary secretory glands are lined by cylindrical epithelium and have a serous type. The secretory glands of the vesicular glands are lined with cylindrical epithelium and have a seromucous type, the secretory glands of the prostate gland are lined with cuboidal epithelium and have a seromucous type, and the secretory glands of the bulbourethral glands are lined by cuboidal epithelium and have the mucous type.

Population diversity, admixture, and demographic trend of the Sumba Ongole cattle based on genomic data.

Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Bokashi Feses Sapi Sumba Ongole Terhadap Nilai Nutrisi Legum Indigofera Zollingeriana

This study aims to determine the effect of bokashi fertilizer on the feces of Sumba Ongole cattle on the nutritional value of the Indigofera Zollingeriana legume. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications namely; P0: without the application of bokashi manure of Sumba Ongole cattle, P1: bokashi fertilizer of 200 grams/planting hole, P2: bokashi fertilizer of 500 grams/planting hole of Sumbanese Ongole cattle feces, P2: 800 gram/planting hole of Sumbanese Ongole cattle faeces bokashi fertilizer planting hole, P4: 1000 grams of bokashi fertilizer from the faeces of Sumba Ongole cattle/planting hole. The variables measured were crude protein and crude fiber. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein and crude fiber. The conclusion of the application of bokashi fertilizer on the faeces of Sumba Ongole cattle at a level of 200 g/planting hole produces crude protein content and the higher the level of fertilizer application, the lower the crude fiber content.

Gambaran dan Anatomi Ginjal Sapi Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus)

Sumba Ongole Cattle (Bos indicus) is one of the local breed cattle in Indonesia and is properly developing on the island of Sumba. One of the organ systems that has important role in cleanig the rest of metabolism in animals are kidney. This research is aimed to observe the structure of anatomy and histologycal of the kidney. This study uses 3 pairs of kidney of the male and female sumba ongole cattle with age range 3-5 years. Samples are colected in Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Regency of East Sumba. Macroscopic observations were performed, and sample were fixed in 10% formalin solution. Furthermore, on the histological preparations and continued with HE staining. The macroscopic of the kidney showed that sumba ongole cattle had lobed shape, elastic consistency, adn brownish red in color. Meanwhile in microscopic observations showed, there are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, urin space/ Bowman’s space, mesangial cell, macula densa, proximal convolated tubule, distal convulated tubule, and collecting tubule.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK BOKASHI FESES SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA CV. TARRAMBA

The aims of the experiment was to determine the effect of bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle fecess on growth of lamtoro taramba (Leucaena leucocephala cv. tarramba). Theexperiment has been carried out in Animal Feed Forage, Agricultural and Livestock Field Laboratory, Kuta Village, Kanatang District, East Sumba Regency for 3 months. Theexperiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications such as ; PO: without bokashi fertilizer, Sumba Ongole cattle faeces, P1: bokashi fertilizer for Sumba Ongole cattle feces 200 grams/planting hole, P2: bokashi fertilizer for Sumba Ongole cattle feces 500 grams/planting hole, P3: bokashi fertilizer for Sumba Ongole cattle feces 800 grams/hole planting, P4: bokashi fertilizer for Sumba Ongole cattle feces 1000 grams/planting hole. The variables observed in this experimentwere plant height, total of leaves, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight. The results showed that the giving of bokashi fertilizer on Sumba Ongole cattle had a significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height, total of leaves, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight. In conclusion, the giving of bokashi fertilizer for Sumba ongole cattle for level of 800 grams/planting hole increased the growth and productivity of lamtoro taramba (Leucaena leucocephala cv. tarramba).

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK BOKASHI FESES SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE TERHADAP NILAI NUTRISI SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA

The aims of the experiment was to determine the effect of bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle Sumba Ongole cattle on the nutritional value of the Sesbania grandiflora. This experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments with 4 replications consisting of P0: without bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle/planting hole, P1: bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle 200 grams/planting hole, P2: bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle 500 grams/planting hole, P3: bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle 800 grams/planting hole, and P4: bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle 1000 grams/planting hole. The variables observed in this experiment consisted of crude protein and crude fiber. The results showed that the bokshi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle feces had not significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein and crude fiber. Conclusion, giving bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle up to 1.000 grams had nutritional value same.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK BOKASHI FESES SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS INDIGOFERA ZOLLINGERIANA

The aims of the experiment was to demine the effect of giving bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle feces on the productivity of the Indigofera zollingeriana. This experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments with 4 replications consisting of: P0=without bokashi fertilizer/planting hole, P1=200 grams/planting hole, P2=500 grams/planting hole, P3=800 grams/planting hole, and P4=1000 grams/planting hole. Variables observed in this experiment consisted of plant height, total of leaves, stem diameter, fresh matter production, and dry matter production. The results showed that the application of bokashi fertilizer Sumba Ongole cattle had not significant effect (P<0.05), on plant height, number of leaves, fresh matter production, and dry matter production, but it has not significant effect on stem diameter. The application of bokashi fertilizer from Sumba Ongole cattle feces the level of 500 grams/planting hole could increased plant height, total of leaves, fresh matter production, and dry matter production of Indigofera zollingeriana.

Detection of F94L marker in myostatin (MSTN/TaqI) gene of Indonesian Sumba Ongole cattle (Bos indicus)

Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are Ongole cattle from India which were imported to Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era and were well adapted on Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are known for high meat production. This research was conducted to identify one point mutation of g.415C/A (F94L marker) in the myostatin (MSTN) gene (exon 1) using PCR-RFLP method with TaqI restriction enzyme (T*CGA). DNA samples of SO bulls and cows (Total 153) from Sumba Island were used in this study. Results revealed that all samples in this study had CC genotype with C allele as the common allele. The mutation point of g.415C/A was not found in this study. However, one mutation point of g.400G/A was detected in this study without amino acid changes (synonymous). It was concluded that MSTN/TaqI gene in the present study is monomorphic and cannot be used as the genetic marker for productive traits of SO cattle.

KAJIAN HISTOKIMIA DISTRIBUSI KARBOHIDRAT PADA TESTIS SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE (Bos indicus)

Testis is the male reproductive organ that performs both endocrine and exocrine functions. This study aimed to determine the distribution of carbohydrates in the testis of sumba ongole cattle. The sample consisted of six testis were collected from East Sumba Slaughter House, fixed in formalin 10 %, processed histologically, and continued with AB pH 2,5 - PAS staining. The result showed a weak alcian blue intensity (+) in the tunica albuginea and moderate intensity (++) in the interstitial connective tissue, basement membrane, and connective tissue in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. A strong intensity (+++) to PAS staining was seen in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and myoid cells. Spermatids, spermatozoa, and sertoli cells showed a negative reaction (-). In the intertubular area, Leydig cells and fibroblasts showed a strong PAS reaction (+++), connective tissue showed a moderate reaction (++). The intensity of the weak reaction (+) is indicated by the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules. The variation in the distribution of acidic and neutral carbohydrates in the testis of sumba ongole cattle is correlated with the proliferation of different cell types and steroidogenic activity at various stages of testicular development.

The Training on the Making of Supplementary Multinutrient Block for Sumba Ongole Cattle in Wunga Village, Haharu District, East Sumba Regency

The livestock farming system of sumba ongole cattle that people in Wunga Village, Haharu District, East Sumba Regency, commonly practice is the extensive system. In this system, sumba ongole cattle are released during the day to graze on natural grazing fields and put back into their pens at night. However, the quality of the pasture during the dry season tends to be very poor, characterized by high crude fiber content and low crude protein content. This condition can cause a nutritional deficiency in the livestock. Therefore, there have been some efforts to meet the nutritional needs of the livestock by providing supplementary feed in the form of a multi-nutrient block (MnB). This community service aims to provide training on how to produce multi-nutrient block as additional supplementation for the sumba ongole cattle, targeted at the Parengu Wunga farmer community (KO MANUNGGA) in Wunga Village, Haharu District, East Sumba Regency as the work partner. The program consisted of several activities, such as lectures, question and answer sessions, discussion, simulation, and practice. These activities were carried out in several stages, namely the survey, the provision of tools and materials, training and mentoring, the feeding of the livestock, and evaluation. The results showed that the livestock farmers in Wunga Village learned about the formulation of a multi-nutrient block, the manufacturing of the multi-nutrient block using local feed ingredients, and the ways to feed the multi-nutrient block to the livestock. It is also revealed that feeding the multi-nutrient block to the sumba ongole cattle can increase their appetite and lead to a high body condition score in the dry season.

Muscle Micromorphology and Histomorphometry of Sumba Ongole Cattle (Bos indicus)

This study aims to knowing the micromorphology and histomorphometry of the sumba ongole cattle muscles. The sample used was 6 muscle samples consisted of the longissimus dorsi and bicep femoris muscles taken from three sumba ongole cattle slaughtered at the West Sumba slaughterhouse. Muscle tissue was fixed using 10% formalin and made histological preparations and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Histological preparations were observed using a light microscope with objective magnifications of 4, 10, 40, and 100 times. The results showed that the muscle micromorphology in the transverse section consisted of many fascicles formed by muscle fibers with cell nuclei at the edges, connective tissue, and intramuscular fat. Muscles in longitudinal sections are formed by muscle fibers with light dark stripes and connective tissue. The muscle fibers diameter, fascicle diameter and thickness of the connective tissue in the bicep femoris muscle is higher than the longissimus dorsi muscle. In contrast, the number of muscle fibers per fascicle is higher in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Muscle histomorphometry are strongly influenced by anatomical location and function of the muscles, as well as the presence of intramuscular fat.

Metabolism Energy and Performance of Several Local Cattle Breeds Fed Rice Straw and Concentrate

This study was conducted to examine the effect of different local cattle breeds on energy metabolism and performance fed on rice straw basal diet. Fourty local male cattle (2.5 years; initial BW 300.30±0.68) of Madura cattle (M), Sumba Ongole cattle (SO), Bali cattle (B), and Bali Timor cattle (BT) were used in this study, where types of local breed were used as treatments (10 animals/treatment). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with cattle's initial body weight as a group. The cattle were fed on rice straw ad libitum and concentrate 2.5% BW (DM 86.53%). The variables measured were energy intake (EI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metaboloizable energy intake (MEI), energy retention (RE), RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, the efficiency of hexose conversion to VFA (ECH) and the average daily body weight gain (ADG). The results showed that the different breeds of local cattle had a significant effect (P<0.05) on EI, DEI, MEI, RE, RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, and ECH, but had no significant effect on ADG (P>0.05). M has the highest EI, DEI, MEI, and RE 139.52 MJ/day, 99.69 MJ/day, 65.84 MJ/day, and 98.45 MJ/day, respectively, but the highest RE to EI ratio at B, while for the best RE to DE ratio, C2/C3 ratio, ECH, and ADG, at SO were 99.24%, 28.85, 74.97%, and 1.24 kg, respectively. It can be concluded that the best local cattle in terms of performance and feed energy efficiency are Sumba Ongole cattle.

Provision of location-specific agricultural waste feed to Sumba Ongole cattle’s performance

The study focuses on the feeding of by products on the performance of Sumba Ongole cattle. The byproduct is in the form of concentrate and originates from the site-specific agricultural leftover. The expected goal is that Sumba Ongole cattle can optimally achieve their genetic potential. The research location was in East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, which is the source of local Ongole cattle. The study used 15 Sumba Ongole cows consisting of seven pregnant cows, four male calves, and four female calves. Basal feed uses rice straw, while the agricultural byproduct consists of several sources, rice bran, peanut straw, corn straw, corncob, leaves of river tamarind, leaves of Gliricidia sepium, and cassava. The results showed that the average change in body weight of broodstock cattle receiving concentrated treatment was higher than those that received bran. On an in-vitro basis, this is consistent with high crude fiber content (36%), low dry matter digestibility (25%), and low bran organic matter digestibility (27%). For the average weight gain in calves, the local concentrate treatment consistently shows crude protein as much as 12.1% compared to rice brand 5.6%. To improve the cattle’s productivity, giving the local-based concentrate is highly recommended, but the presence of rice bran still critical because of its ability to improve daily weight gain and also its high digestibility in dry matter, organic matter, and Total Digestible Nutrients.

DISTRIBUSI KARBOHIDRAT NETRAL PADA LAMBUNG DEPAN SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE (Bos indicus)

Sumba Ongole cattle (Bos indicus) is a superior livestock commodity in East Nusa Tenggara Province, especially on the island of Sumba. Cattle have a forestomach consisting of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. This forestomach plays an important role in carbohydrate fermentation. This study aims to determine the distribution of neutral carbohydrates in the forestomach of Sumba Ongole cattle. Six samples of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum were collected from East Sumba Slaughter House. The tissue was fixed in formalin 10 %, continued with processed histologically and PAS staining. The result showed that neutral carbohydrates distributed in the tunica mucosa and tunica muscularis rumen, reticulum, and omasum with a weak (+) to strong (+++) reaction intensity staining. The factors that influence the difference in color intensity in each tunica of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum are related to the function and mucus secretion of each cell.

Profil Eosinofil Sapi Sumba Ongole yang Diberikan Pakan Tepung Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

Moringa oleifera Lam contains protein compounds, vitamin A, minerals, essential amino acids, antioxidants, and flavonoids, and has an impact on the hematological profile. Based on the evaluated phytochemical, The aim of this study was to identify the eosinophil image of Sumba Onggle Cattle fed with moringa. The research was started from March to September 2017. The research was carried out was in the Integrated Dry Land Laboratory, Nusa Cendana University. and Regional Health Laboratory of East Nusa Tenggara Province. The stages of the research were started with the selection of the sample of the studied cattle (12 adult Sumba Ongole Cattle), the adaptation period, and the duration of treatment of moringa on the cattle for 50 days. The research sample chosen was. The results of the research data showed that the value of eosinophil in the first treatment from 0.32 x 103 / µl to 0.47 x 103 / µl. In contrast to treatment 2 which has a range of eosinophils at a value of 0.04 x 103 / µl to 0.69 x 103 / µl. However, the eosinophil value at the end of the treatment was in the normal range in cattle (0.1 x 103 / µl-1,2x 103 / µl). Eosinophil value data on day 50 showed that eosinophil values tended to increase and in the normal range of eosinophils. These results indicate that the cows fed with moringa showed an eosinophil profile that remained in the normal range.

Efek Pemberian Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) pada Pakan terhadap Gambaran Hemoglobin Sapi Ongole

The Miracle Tree has been known as a plant that contains complete nutrition which has anti-anaemia properties. This study aims to study the effect of adding Moringa to feed on the image of blood haemoglobin in cattle, especially Sumba Ongole cattle. The study was conducted in 2017, at the Integrated Dryland Laboratory of the University of Nusa Cendana and the Health Laboratory of the East Nusa Tenggara Province Health Service. The sample in this study were 12 Sumba Ongole cattle aged 2-3 years with a bodyweight of 210.5 kg- 249 kg. Treatments on cattle were divided into 4 groups. The results of the study showed that the haemoglobin level on day 0 of each treatment was still within normal limits. On days 25 and 50, each treatment was in the normal range of haemoglobin levels. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that statistically giving Moringa flour to the feed had a significant effect on the haemoglobin levels of Ongole cattle.

KAJIAN HISTOKIMIA SEBARAN KARBOHIDRAT ASAM PADA LAMBUNG DEPAN SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE (Bos indicus)

Sumba ongole (Bos indicus) is one of the Indonesian local cattle breeds that has a high number of carcasses and good adaptability to the dry climate and low humidity on the island of Sumba. Cattle have a forestomach consisting of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum, which functions to ferment and absorb nutrition. This study aims to determine the distribution of acid carbohydrates in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum of sumba ongole cattle. Six samples of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum were collected from East Sumba Slaughter House, fixed in formalin 10 %, processed histologically, and continued with alcian blue (AB) staining. The result showed the various/different intensity of acid carbohydrates in each of the tunica of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. The distribution is mostly found in the stratum corneum lamina epithelium. The results of this study indicate that the stratum corneum is the layer that is more frequently exposed to food that requires acid carbohydrates in its function to protect the forestomach as well as to lubricate the food to make it easier to digest.

Blood AST and ALT profile of Sumba Ongole cattle

A study was carried out in one of Indonesia native cattle, Sumba Ongole (SO) Cattle for determination of statuses of various biochemical parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT). Apparently blood from randomly selected cattle (n= 36) were collected aseptically. Biochemical analysis of AST and ALT was performed on UPT. Laboratorium Kesehatan, Kupang, NTT. The results showed that the variations of parameters were not significant (p>0.05) between male and female SO cattle. The AST/SGOT (142.56±20.55 U/l) was slightly higher in female compared with the male (137.00±16.24 U/l), while level of ALT/SGPT were 46.44±10.99 U/l in male and 46.41 ± 10.23 U/l in female. Although, the result was not significant (p>0.05), level of AST and ALT in SO cattle was higher compared to standard which is 60-125 U/l for AST and 6.9-35 U/l for ALT. Results showed possibility of seasonal effect on AST/ SGOT and ALT/SGPT level in male and female SO cattle.

Polimorfisme g.-371T>A Promotor Gen Miostatin pada Sapi Pedaging Indonesia

Myostatin (MSTN) gene acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth. The aim of the present study was to identify polymorphism of g.-371T>A in promoter region of MSTN gene in Indonesian beef cattle. Blood samples were collected from 191 cattle, including Bali (BL) (42), Madura (MD) (20), Pesisir (PI) (17), Katingan (KT) (16), Ongole grade (PO) (22), Pasundan (PD) (14), Sumba ongole (SO) (10), Brahman (BH) (17), Simmental (SM) (15), and Limousin (LM) (18). Polymorphism of MSTN gene was analyzed using PCR-RFLP (DraI) and direct sequencing methods. Results of genotyping g-371T>A were polymorphic (TT, TA, and AA genotypes) in Simmental, SO, and Katingan. The frequencies of alleles T and A were 0.83; 0.90; 0.97 and 0.17; 0.10; 0.03 respectively. The values of Ho and He were 0.06–0.20 and 0.06–0.28, respectively. The results of this study are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). Whereas in PD, MD, PI, PO, BH, LM, and BL were monomorphic (TT genotype). The result of sequencing the promoter region of MSTN gene found that mutations transversion was occurred in T to A at g.-371. It was concluded that g.-371T>A of MSTN gene was polymorphic which was potential to be used as genetic markers of muscle growth in SM, SO, and KT cattle. Keywords: SNP g.-371T>A of MSTN gene, Sumba ongole cattle, Katingan cattle, Simmental cattle

Diversity of D-loop mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence in Bali and Sumba Ongole cattle breeds

This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the complete sequence of D-loop mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Bali and Sumba Ongole (SO) cattlebreeds. A total of 24 blood samples were collected from Bali cattle (19 heads) and SO cattle (5 heads), and were extracted and then analyzed to obtain the sequence of D-loop mt DNA.Multiple alignments of the whole sequence of D-loop mtDNA were determined using clustal W. Genetic distance was calculated using a p-distance method, while the genetic tree was constructed using neighbor-joining (NJ) based on MEGA 6. Haplotype number, haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) were analyzed using DnaSP version 6. As a result, the sequence of D-loop mtDNA in Bali cattle (921-1119 bp) and SO cattle (913 bp) was reported to have 8 and 4 haplotypes. Hd and Pi of Bali cattle reached 0.625±0.139 and 0.0266±0.0145, respectively, which wwere different from that of SO cattle, namely 0.900±0.1610 and 0.0064±0.0015, respectively. Specifically, we found 22 bp-repetitive nucleotide in Bali cattle, existing 3-9 times with a length of 66-198 bp present in D-loop mtDNA. This unique feature did not exist in SO cattle. Genetic distance and genetic tree determined according to sequence in hypervariability (HV-1) region of D-loop mtDNA (166 bp) resulted in satisfied separation, successfully classifying Bos javanicus, Bos indicus, and Bos taurus cluster.