Sulfur-containing Fertilizers Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ СЕРНОГО БЕНТОНИТА НА РОСТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА

The research was carried out in order to study the effectiveness of the use of various new sulfur-containing fertilizers on sunflower crops in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were conducted in 2023 on the basis of Agrobiotechnopark LLC (Narmonka village, Laishevsky Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan), laboratory analyses were carried out at the Center for Agroecological Research of the Kazan State Agrarian University. According to the research results, it was found that the introduction of 150 kg/ha of sulfur bentonite in the studied hybrids provides the growth capacity of cotyledonous leaflets by 26.3 and 29.4 %, respectively, compared with the control version of the experiment. When sulfur bentonite is applied at a dose of 150 kg/ha, the plant height of the studied Anthemis and Terramis hybrids increases by 4 and 7 cm (+3 and 5.6 %) compared with the control variant, and plant safety increases by 1.4 and 0.7 %, respectively. But the maximum values in terms of height and plant safety were obtained using the ammonium sulfate application option of 100 kg / ha, which is explained by the greater need for sunflower nitrogen than sulfur. The mass of productive seeds from one basket, depending on the hybrids studied and the fertilizers applied, ranged from 69 g in the control to 98 g in the last version of the experiment, which is 43% higher compared with the option without adding sulfur bentonite.

High performance of phosphorus and sulfur co-doped oxygen reduction reaction catalysts derived from daylily

In this paper, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is synthesized by daylily that needs to absorb phosphorus-containing and sulfur-containing fertilizers during the growth process. Excellent phosphorus- and sulfur-containing porous carbon materials derived from daylily were prepared by carbonization at different temperatures. From the analysis of the experimental results, it was concluded that D900-3 derived from daylily by two rapid carbonization methods had the best catalytic effect. Compared with the commercial Pt/C (20 wt%), the difference in half-peak potential was only 20 mV. This paper not only enriches non-Pt-based ORR catalysts, but also provides a new way of phosphorus-sulfur co-doping.

Efficiency of early spring feeding of winter wheat complex fertilizers on light podzolic soil in Poland

Field experiments were carried out on sandy loamy podzolic soil in the Łdź Voivodship (Wieluń commune, Masłowice parish) at the Experimental Station of the Polish Research Variety Testing Center, to study the effect of various winter wheat feeding systems with an intensive cultivation system on yield and grain quality indicators. The soil before conducting the experiments was characterized by a neutral reaction of the soil environment, a very high level of mobile phosphorus, and an average content of mobile potassium in 2017 and 2019, and high availability in 2018. The initial level of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was medium in 2017 and high in 2018 and 2019. The podzolic soils of the region, with a light granulometric composition, often have a low supply of sulfur available to plants. With a low content of humus in such soils, there is a small reserve of sulfur in organic form, and therefore, variants with sulfur-containing fertilizers were included in the intensive technology of winter wheat cultivation. Weather conditions of the growing seasons 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 differed by an insufficient amount of atmospheric precipitation during the growth stages critical for grain formation. The yield of winter wheat grain in all years of research was maximum in variant 3 with the use of ammonium nitrate and complex sulfur-containing fertilizer Apaviva NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) as top dressing. The yield increase resulted from the autumn phosphorus-potassium application (double superphosphate and potassium chloride) was 25, 34 and 30 % in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The maximum grain yield of winter wheat in the experiment of 6.93 t/ha was obtained in variant 3 in 2019. Such a system of winter wheat top dressing provided a stable high additional income.

INFLUENCE OF SULFUR-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL IN WINTER AND SPRING RAPESEED WHEN CULTIVATED ON SOD-PODZOLIC LOAMY SAND SOIL

The paper contained the results of the data on the impact of various forms of sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers on productivity of winter and spring rapeseed and fatty acid composition of oil. It has been etstablished that sulfur-containing fertilizers application resulted in the increase of oil yield and improvement of production quality (fatty acid composition).

Hydrochemical assessments and driving forces of groundwater quality and potential health risks of sulfate in a coalfield, northern Ordos Basin, China

Groundwater is the primary water source in coalfields under arid and semiarid climates. However, the problem of excessive concentrations of sulfate, which is a constant component in coalfields, and its potential health risks are often neglected in Northwest, China. To determine the groundwater quality, health threats, and driving forces of sulfate in coal mine groundwater, this study performed hydrochemical and isotopic analyses of 61 groundwater samples from a typical coalfield in northwestern China. We found that phreatic groundwater had lower total dissolved solid (TDS) and freshwater hydrochemical types (mainly Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Na + K-HCO3 types). In contrast, confined groundwater showed saline affinity (Na + K-SO4 type) and high TDS values, and the quality was unacceptable for drinking, with EWQI values larger than 100, which could be attributed to its high SO42− concentration. In addition, confined groundwater was also unsuitable for irrigation with high values of electric conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and Na%. Combining with isotopic analysis (δD, δ18Owater, δ34S and δ18Osulfate), the sulfate of confined and phreatic groundwater was controlled by gypsum dissolution and irrigation activities. As for public human health, SO42− poses potential non-carcinogenic risks to various populations, especially children. Therefore, the impact of geogenic and anthropogenic factors should be paid attention to, including the reduction of the use of sulfur-containing fertilizers and discharge of sulfur-containing sewage; and the water treatment should be carried out. Importantly, there is a need to adopt a strategy of water supply from multiple sources to ensure human health.

Influence of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on performance of wheat yield.

Wheat is the main cereal crop in Kazakhstan and fertilizers play an important role in enhancing harvest growth. In this study, the impact of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat was evaluated, and the resistance of varieties to Puccinia triticina Erikss was also investigated. (also known as Puccinia recondite Rob. ex Desm.) for recommendations in agriculture. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a nursery and greenhouse. The sulfur-containing fertilizer contains nutrients that allow you to extend the duration of absorption by the plant, thereby extending the period of their availability to plants, compared to conventional preparations. By encapsulating molten elemental sulfur and impregnating with a solution of calcium polysulfide, a long-acting compound based on amorphous and monocalcium phosphate was developed. The sulfur is in a water-soluble sulfate form, which, in turn, is slowly oxidized by bacteria and retained in the soil. Three different types of the developed sulfur-containing nano-particle have been used to test in greenhouses and nurseries: powdered, pasty sulfur-containing composition, and a solution of calcium polysulfide. The results showed that the use of powdered and dissolved sulfur-containing fertilizers contributed to the early ripeness and increased productivity of wheat. Wheat varieties were tested for the presence of key Lr genes that determine resistance to brown rust. The Omskaya 29 sample showed an immune response according to phytopathological assessment, and molecular screening revealed four resistance genes. The new sulfur-containing product is recommended for improving wheat productivity in agriculture, and the Omskaya 29 variety can also be used as a valuable breeding material resistant to brown rust.

The usefulness of sulfur fertilizers for balanced nutrition of spring wheat on zonal soils of the south-western Forest steppe zone

The importance of sulfur for a balanced nutrition of grain crops is demonstrated. The content of mobile forms of sulfur in the main zonal soils of the Kursk region – black soil and gray forest soils is given. Gray wooded soils have a low content of mobile sulfur in most areas of the region. The availability of sulfur in black soil ranges from low to medium. Practical studies on the effectiveness of different types and forms of using sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat on zonal types of soils in the south-western forest steppe of the Central Black Earth Region have been performed. Research has found that the practicability of using sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers and their agronomic effectiveness is directly associated with the content of available forms of sulfur in the arable layer of the soil. It is most effective and reasonable to use sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat on gray wooded soils. The practical data obtained prove the urgency of the use of sulfur-containing fertilizers in technologies for the cultivation of grain crops on soils with inadequate content of available forms of sulfur.

Sulfur-containing fertilizers influence on sulfur balance at potato cultivation

The results of studies on the sulfur fertilizer effect on sulfur balance in potato cultivation in the conditions of sod-podzolic soils of the Eastern Nonchernozem belt have been introduced. The microfield experiment was laid in 2013 at the agrobiostation station of Mari State University. It was established that elemental sulfur at a dose of 30 kg/ha increased tuber productivity from 277.0 dt/ha to 291.0 dt/ha on average over three years of research. Tuber productivity has increased with sulfur dose increasing up to 60 and 90 kg/ha and amounted respectively 321.0 dt/ha and 304.0 dt/ha. Sulfur application in the form of ammonium sulfate in similar doses increased the potato tubers productivity to 318.0, 341.0 and 315.0 dt/ha, respectively. Sulfur-containing fertilizers application increased the sulfur amount in potato tubers from 0.12% to 0.15%, and in the tops from 0.15% to 0.19%. Sulfur-containing fertilizers have been applied, crops sulfur removal increased for the main and co-products. The largest tubers and potato tops sulfur removal of 18.2 and 18.0 kg/ha was marked when sulfur was introduced in the form of elemental sulfur and ammonium sulfate at a dose of 60 kg/ha. Potato cultivation without sulfur-containing fertilizers led to a negative balance of sulfur and reduced its reserves in the soil. Elemental sulfur introduction at a dose of 30 kg/ha provided a positive sulfur balance, which amounted to 5.1 kg/ha. Sulfur introduction at a dose of 60 kg/ha provided balance of 16.1 kg/ha, and at a dose of 90 kg/ha it has increased to 34.8 kg/ha. Sulfur introduction in similar doses in the form of ammonium sulfate formed a positive sulfur balance, which amounted to 2.8, 16.3 and 32.3 kg/ha, respectively.

Effect of sulfur-containing fertilizers on the quantity and quality of spring oilseed rape and winter wheat yield

Effect of sulfur-containing fertilizers on the quantity and quality of spring oilseed rape and winter wheat yield

Ammonium nitrate enriched with sulfur influences wheat yield and soil properties

The effect of fertilization with a new fertilizer on Polish market, a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate (30% N, 6% S), was analysed in a three-year field experiment. The mixture commonly available on the market (26% N, 13% S) and ammonium nitrate, were used for comparison. Each fertilizer was applied in three doses: 150, 200 and 250 kg N/ha/year (simultaneously, 30, 40 and 50 kg S/ha were introduced with the mixtures). The highest mean (of the three years) grain yield (8.27 t/ha) was obtained after application of 200 kg N and 40 kg S/ha as the new fertilizer, with almost no significant effect of the type and dose of sulfur-containing fertilizers. Sulfur content in the grain was highest after the new fertilizer application; the content increased with increasing fertilizer dose. The highest mean protein (13.9–14.3%) and gluten (28.3–28.9%) content were recorded after application of 250 kg N/ha, and Zeleny sedimentation index (45.0–45.3 cm<sup>3</sup>) – after application of 250 kg N and 50 kg S/ha, regardless of the fertilizer. Sulfur intensified the acidifying effect of ammonium nitrate and increased the content of sulfates in the soil.

Влияние обработки семян серосодержащими удобрениями на продуктивность и качественные показатели зерна яровой пшеницы

Влияние обработки семян серосодержащими удобрениями на продуктивность и качественные показатели зерна яровой пшеницы

Liquid and Solid Compound Granulated Diurea Sulfate-Based Fertilizers for Sustainable Sulfur Source

Design and manufacture of high nitrogen content sulfur-containing fertilizers is of crucial importance in sustainable food and energy crop production. The availability of large elemental sulfur amounts in oil refining and natural gas processing facilities, in combination with decreasing sulfur deposition into soil from natural and anthropogenic sources in a bioavailable sulfate form, calls for innovative engineering solutions that bridge this gap via sustainable sulfur processing. Diurea sulfate-based liquid and compound solid granulated fertilizers were synthesized in this work, and their resulting physicochemical properties were determined. First, phase compositional information on the 2CO(NH2)2·H2SO4–CO(NH2)2–H2O ternary system was measured, and high nitrogen content, ∼15:1 N:S ratio liquid fertilizer grades, were established. Next, diurea sulfate granulation experiments using (i) dolomite, (ii) byproduct material after the phosphoric acid extractive production, CaSO4·0.5H2O, and (iii) dolomite combined with diammonium phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4, and potassium chloride, KCl, were performed. Using diurea sulfate, 16–16–16–5.5(S)–0.4(MgO)–0.6(CaO) compound granulated fertilizers were successfully obtained, and time-resolved changes in their crystalline phase composition during granule curing were monitored using XRD. The granule crushing strength measured increased to 3.800 MPa within the 30 day storage thus resulting in high quality fertilizer material.

Population of the Sweetpotato Whitefly in Response to Different Rates of Three Sulfur-Containing Fertilizers on Ten Vegetable Crops

Whiteflies in the Bemisia complex are global pests on numerous horticultural crops. The effect of cultural practices on the population of the B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is only partly understood. A study was conducted to examine the effect of different rates of three common sulfur-containing fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and superphosphate) on the population of B. tabaci in 10 vegetable crops. Three different rates were tested in the field for each fertilizer, but the specific rates were varied among crops to reflect the general use by growers in comparison with higher and lower rates. Egg, nymph, and adult whitefly counts were generally elevated with increased rates of ammonium sulfate or decreased with increasing rates of potassium sulfate. Conversely, field and laboratory data suggested a reduction in whitefly counts on cabbage and cucumber in response to increased rates of ammonium sulfate. However, whitefly populations within crops were generally the same regardless of rate of the superphosphate. Although each of the three fertilizers provides more than one essential nutrient, the individual role of sulfur, or any other nutrient, on the whitefly population was not identified. Nevertheless, the results from this study support that in certain sulfur-containing fertilizers, populations of the sweetpotato whitefly can be affected in several vegetable crops.

Effect of carbamide on sulfuric acid decomposition of phosphate raw materials in nonthickening suspensions in production of integrated fertilizers

Effect of carbamide on sulfuric acid decomposition of phosphate raw materials in nonthickening suspensions in production of integrated fertilizers was studied. The mechanism and phase composition of the intermediate and final products of the decomposition process in the presence of carbamide were examined. The results obtained served as a theoretical basis for development of a new technological process for manufacture of integrated sulfur-containing fertilizers.

Identification of Volatile/Semivolatile Products Derived from Chemical Remediation of cis-1,3-Dichloropropene by Thiosulfate

The prevalent use of soil fumigants has resulted in air pollution in some agricultural regions. Our previous research showed that application of thiosulfate fertilizers at the soil surface may offer an effective and economical approach to reduce the emission of halogenated fumigants via a chemical remediation process. In this fumigant emission-reduction strategy, volatile 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) reacts with thiosulfate to generate a nonvolatile Bunte salt (thiosulfate derivative of 1,3-D). However, the decomposition of the Bunte salt may be associated with the production of perceptible odors. This study investigated the stability of this reaction product in different environmental media. Hydrolysis experiments demonstrated that the thiosulfate derivative was relatively stable in neutral and moderately acidic aqueous solutions. In contrast, the thiosulfate derivative was readily converted to a dialkyl disulfide via a base hydrolysis process in pH 10 buffer solution. In a strongly acidic solution, a mercaptan and a dialkyl disulfide compound were detected as two primary hydrolysis products. In soil, this initial reaction product underwent a series of biotic conversions to generate several volatile or semivolatile organic sulfur compounds. The formation and distribution of four volatile/semivolatile products in the air and soil were detected in different soils treated with the thiosulfate derivative of 1,3-D. This study indicated that odors occurring in soil treated with halogenated fumigants and thiosulfate fertilizers might arise from the generation and release of these and other volatile/semivolatile organic sulfur products. The environmental fate and effects of such volatile/semivolatile sulfur compounds should be considered in the application of sulfur-containing fertilizers in fumigated fields.

Dechlorination of Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene by Hydrogen Sulfide Species: Redox and Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

The chlorinated fumigants chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) are extensively used in agricultural production for the control of soilborne pests. The reaction of these two fumigants with hydrogen sulfide species (H2S and HS-) was examined in well-defined anoxic aqueous solutions. Chloropicrin underwent an extremely rapid redox reaction in the hydrogen sulfide solution. Transformation products indicated reductive dechlorination of chloropicrin by hydrogen sulfide species to produce dichloro- and chloronitromethane. The transformation of chloropicrin in hydrogen sulfide solution significantly increased with increasing pH, indicating that H2S is less reactive toward chloropicrin than HS- is. For both 1,3-D isomers, kinetics and transformation products analysis revealed that the reaction between 1,3-D and hydrogen sulfide species is an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution process, in which the chlorine at C3 of 1,3-D is substituted by the sulfur nucleophile to form corresponding mercaptans. The 50% disappearance time (DT50) of 1,3-D decreased with increasing hydrogen sulfide species concentration at a constant pH. Transformation of 1,3-D was more rapid at high pH, suggesting that the reactivity of hydrogen sulfide species in the experimental system stems primarily from HS-. Because of the relatively low smell threshold values and potential environmental persistence of organic sulfur products yielded by the reaction of 1,3-D and HS-, the effects of reduced sulfide species should be considered in the development of alternative fumigation practices, especially in the integrated application of sulfur-containing fertilizers.

The effect of sulfur-containing nitrogen fertilizers on the elemental composition of celery (Apium graveolens) grown on a polluted marsh soil

In order to investigate elemental composition of celery, and to quantify the influence of sulfur-containing N-fertilizers on the trace element uptake, a field trial with celery was carried out on marsh soil polluted with municipal wastes. The research yielded the following results: Compared to leaves at harvest time, bulbs showed significantly lower concentrations of Mo, S and Sb, but higher contents of B, Br and Cr and Cu. Since the acidifying effect of the fertilizers was suppressed by the free calcium carbonate in the soil, no significant changes in concentrations of cationic trace elements were detected in plants fertilized with ammonium sulfate compared to those which received urea or calcium ammonium nitrate. On the other hand, in these plants the conspicuous increase in total sulfur was accompanied by a significant decrease in concentrations of up to 30% for B, Br and Sb, 50% for As, 60% for Se and 80% for Mo. According to these results, in plant production on contaminated soils certain plant parts may be marketable due to their low tendency to accumulate toxic elements, and furthermore it may be feasible to reduce the contents of some of these elements in plants by the use of sulfur-containing fertilizers.

Evaluation by Lamb Feeding Tests of Alfalfa Hay Grown on a Low-Sulfur Soil

The feeding value of alfalfa grown on soils which did and did not respond to sulfur fertilizers has been studied utilizing lamb gains, digestion trials and nitrogen and sulfur balance trials. A rather consistent, though not always significant, trend in animal performance indicated that alfalfa grown on low-sulfur soils was improved by fertilization. The addition of methionine to alfalfa hay considered low in sulfur did not improve the feeding value of the hay. The application of sulfur-containing fertilizers to soils low in sulfur markedly increased the sulfur content of the alfalfa grown. Other accompanying changes in composition appeared to be of greater effect on the feeding value than the changes in sulfur content. No one chemical fraction appears to be of unique importance in determining the nutritive value of the hay in these studies. The previous finding that low sulfur intake of sheep is reflected in the blood serum inorganic sulfate level has been further verified.