Sensitive and visual detection of sulfonamides using γ-CD-MOF@Eu-MOF fluorescence sensor assisted by smartphone and machine learning algorithm.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of K/O-co-doped crystalline carbon nitride for sulfamerazine degradation and CO2 reduction.

Optimizing synergistic microalgae cultivation and photocatalysis processes for antibiotic and nutrient removal in wastewater.

Veterinary drug residues in animal-derived food products raise critical public health concerns, necessitating efficient extraction and detection methods to ensure food safety. In this study, novel Dawson-type polyoxometalate-ionic liquid (POM-IL) functionalized magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection of sulfonamide residues, sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in milk, honey, and egg samples. The POM-ILs were immobilized onto Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles to form MNP@POM-Q8IL and MNP@POM-Q10IL sorbents, which were characterized by FTIR, PXRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The Q10-based composite exhibited superior adsorption efficiency, attributed to its longer alkyl chain that enhances hydrophobic interactions and molecular affinity while reducing matrix effects. The synergistic integration of POM, ionic liquid, and magnetic nanoparticle components enhances interfacial molecular recognition and adsorption efficiency, providing a rapid, reusable, and green platform for the sensitive HPLC determination of sulfonamide residues in food matrices. Under optimized conditions, the developed method showed excellent linearity (0.02–1000 µg mL−1), low detection limits (0.03–0.6 µg mL−1), high recoveries (up to 99%), and good reusability over eight extraction cycles. This work provides a rapid, green, and highly efficient analytical platform for the selective extraction and sensitive determination of veterinary drug residues in complex food matrices.

We report the outcomeof an interdisciplinary investigation, bythe BEST-CSP network, of the kinetically favored form I and the low-temperaturestable form II polymorphs of the drug sulfamerazine (SMZ). Form IIcan be reproducibly obtained by slurrying in acetonitrile­(MeCN)/waterat room temperature, though seeding with form II significantly speedsup the conversion. New structure determinations have been obtainedfor both forms over a wide temperature range, with both single crystaland powder X-ray diffraction methods. Room temperature FT-IR and solid-state 13C NMR spectra are provided. The enantiotropic but practicallyirreversible crystal-to-crystal transition from form II to form Iis observed at temperatures ranging from 150 to 170 °C in variousdifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments, depending onsample and heating rate. The enthalpy of transition at 150 °Cis measured as ΔtrsHm(II → I) = 3.15 ± 0.12 kJ mol–1. The differences in the heat capacities mean that the DSC measuredenthalpies vary with the onset temperature by about 0.55 kJ mol–1 over the range of heating rates commonly used inDSC experiments. Attempts to find the solvent-mediated transitiontemperature were complicated by observing that slurrying experimentsin both methanol and MeCN/H2O above 50 °C producea new, late-identified polymorph, sulfamerazine form V, which is closelyrelated to form I but with an alternative packing of the double layers,i.e., is a polytype polymorph. Forms I and V are only easily distinguishableby high-quality powder X-ray diffraction. Form V appears to be marginallymore stable than form I across the temperature range studied. Theexperimental data, including heat capacities and thermal expansionrates, are used to test a wide range of assumptions and energy modelsfor calculating free energy differences between these polymorphs,illustrating the challenges in computationally modeling the thermodynamictransition temperature between form I and II. The implications ofthe discovery of form V on establishing the phase diagram of sulfamerazineare discussed.

Fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide antibiotics (single and mixtures) impair the motor function of zebrafish larvae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Size-specific mediation of the physiological responses and degradation ability of microalgae to sulfamerazine by microplastics.

Gold nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates exhibit better chemical stability compared with silver ones, making them suitable for characterizing reaction intermediates in the presence of strong oxidants such as H2O2. However, conventional wet-chemistry-synthesized gold nanoparticles often show strong background signals from organic stabilizers, which could overlap and disturb the SERS signals of reaction intermediates and products. In this work, a low-background corrosion-resistant gold-based SERS substrate was prepared via a facile one-pot method using anionic ligands as stabilizers, achieving the rapid characterization of the reaction process in the presence of H2O2. Anionic ligands (such as I-, SCN-, Br- and S2O32-) were used instead of commonly used surfactants as stabilizers to obtain monodisperse colloidal gold nanoparticles. The obtained gold nanoparticles displayed an ultralow SERS background signal, allowing for precise characterization of trace reaction intermediates. Moreover, the low-background gold substrate exhibited much better corrosion resistance (10 mM H2O2) compared with the low-background silver substrate, enabling sensitive and stable detection of target analytes even under harsh oxidative conditions. Finally, we successfully employed this SERS substrate for the direct detection and monitoring of degradation intermediates of sulfamerazine (SMR) through a UV-H2O2-induced degradation reaction without using any sample treatment. Combination of SERS spectroscopic data with DFT calculations provided a robust framework for elucidating the photodegradation mechanism. Results indicated that the SERS substrate has a robust and broad application prospect in the precise characterization of various reactions under harsh oxidative conditions. Moreover, this work may provide guidance for the synthesis of other colloidal nanoparticles using anionic ligands as universal stabilizers.

Multi-enzyme-immobilized robust self-floating covalent organic framework/chitosan aerogels for the efficient remediation of emerging pollutants in water

Sulfamerazine (SMR) is a drug used as an antibacterial agent in the treatment of some pathologies, such as bronchitis, prostatitis and urinary tract infections. Although this drug was developed in 1945 and, due to its toxicity, was partially displaced by penicillin, due to the current problem of bacterial resistance, compounds such as SMR have regained validity. In this context, the thermodynamic study of SMR in cosolvent mixtures of acetonitrile (MeCN) + ethanol (EtOH) at nine temperatures (278.15-318.15 K) is presented. The solubility of SMR was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, following the guidelines of the shake-flask method. The solubility process was endothermic in all cases; thus, the minimum solubility was reached in pure EtOH at 278.15 K, and the maximum solubility was reached in pure MeCN at 318.15 K. Both the solution process and the mixing process were entropy-driven. On the other hand, the solubility data were modeled by using the van't Hoff-Yalkowsky-Roseman model, obtaining an overall average relative deviation of 3.9%. In general terms, it can be concluded that the solution process of SMR in {MeCN (1) + EtOH (2)} mixtures is thermodependent, favored by the entropy of the solution and mixture; additionally, the van't Hoff-Yalkowsky-Roseman model allows very good approximations to be obtained and is a simple model that starts from only four experimental data.

Degradation of sulfamethoxazole in a falling film dielectric barrier discharge system: Performance, mechanism and toxicity evaluation

Enhancing sulfamerazine degradation via peroxymonosulfate with Fe-doped Mo2C materials: Catalytic performance and mechanistic insights

Dual drug molecular salt of antibacterial: Formulation, physicochemical properties study, theoretical calculations and evaluation of antibacterial activity

Photocatalytic hydrogen production and sulfamerazine degradation via a novel dual S-scheme photocatalyst: Nanocomposite synthesis, characterization and mechanism insights

Insight into efficient degradation of pentacyclic and hexacyclic sulfonamide antibiotics by synthetic trivalent copper: Performance and mechanism

Efficient generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by CoP/Ni2P@NF for degradation of sulfamerazine through a heterogeneous electro-Fenton process at circumneutral pH

Four sulfonamide-type microbial inhibitors were studied using density functional theory (DFT) to assess their effectiveness in controlling microbial corrosion. The experimental techniques (FTIR, SEM, EIS, EFM, and AFM) are beneficial for measuring properties such as chemical composition, bond formation, electrochemical behavior, and surface topography; however, DFT can be useful as a new method for understanding microbial corrosion. Sulfacetamide (SFC), sulfamerazine (SFM), sulfapyridine (SFP), and sulfathiazole (SFT) uniformly adsorb onto the iron surface and block the active site, reducing the corrosion rate. To study the effect on microbial activity, a 0.6 eV electric field was applied. The absolute increase in the interaction energy indicates that sulfonamides are effective microbial inhibitors. Electronic SFC, SFM, SFP, and SFT descriptors agree with the experimental inhibition efficiency. The shift of the density of state (DOS) toward a low energy level for sulfonamides indicates the stabilization of these molecules at the Fe (100) surface. The population analysis combined with atomic and molecular parameters further explains the anticorrosive mechanism of sulphonamides.

Low-toxicity natural pyrite on electro-Fenton catalytic reaction in a wide pH range

In situ constructed Bi5O7I/NiO-NF heterojunction on 3D nickel foam for photocatalytic sulfamerazine degradation: Structure-performance, application, and mechanism

New insights into the environmental photochemistry of common-use antibiotics in ice and in water: A comparison of kinetics and influencing factors