Suitable Source Research Articles

Manufacturing CAR-NK against tumors: Who is the ideal supplier?

Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells have emerged as another prominent player in the realm of tumor immunotherapy following CAR-T cells. The unique features of CAR-NK cells make it possible to compensate for deficiencies in CAR-T therapy, such as the complexity of the manufacturing process, clinical adverse events, and solid tumor challenges. To date, CAR-NK products from different allogeneic sources have exhibited remarkable anti-tumor effects on preclinical studies and have gradually been applied in clinical practice. However, each source has advantages and disadvantages. Selecting a suitable source may help maximize CAR-NK cell efficacy and increase the feasibility of clinical transformation. Therefore, this review discusses the development and challenges of CAR-NK cells from different sources to provide a reference for future exploration.

A simple long term storage solution for human tissues as continuous source of DNA/RNA for PCR analysis

Aim: In molecular biology, there is a need for tissue storage solutions for long term analysis in order to have a suitable source of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). There are many reports to store the tissue samples in different solutions like ethanol, DMSO as well as with storage in liquid nitrogen, but a suitable storage solution for tissue at room temperature is still missing. Therefore, a solution called Genekam Tissue Storage Solution (GTSS) is developed, which can be used to store the tissues at room temperature for a long time. Materials and Methods: Human tissues were stored in this solution for 4 years. as these are tested with conventional and real time PCR for the presence of internal controls after the isolation of RNA and DNA over the period of 4 years, along with spectrometric testing. Results: Results of internal controls for human housekeeping genes like beta-globin and beta-actin were successful in nucleic acid isolations. Spectrophotometric values of all nucleic acid isolation range from 1.03 to 33.8 ng/µl (1.03 to 33.8 µg/ml). Conclusion: In this work, it may be the first time about the successful development of a simple long-term noncryogenic storage solution for human tissues at room temperature as a continuous source of DNA and RNA for molecular biological analysis.

Reproductive ability of minipigs as surrogates for somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Pigs are genetically, anatomically, and physiologically similar to humans. Recently, pigs are in the spotlight as a suitable source animal for xenotransplantation. However, to use pigs as source animals, pigs should be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities. There is abundant data from embryo transfer (ET) experiments using farm pigs as surrogates, but data on ET experiments using minipigs are scarce. Eighty minipigs were used for ET experiments and after transplantation, the implantation and delivery rates were investigated. It was also confirmed whether the pregnancy rate could be increased by changing the condition or surgical method of the surrogate. In the case of minipigs that gave birth, the size of the fetal sac on the 28th day of ET was also measured. The factors that can affect the pregnancy rate such as estrus synchronization program, ovulation status at the time of ET, the number of repeated ET surgeries, and the ET sites, were changed, and the differences on the pregnancy rate were observed. However there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate in minipigs. The diameter of the implanted fetal sac on the 28th day after ET in the minipigs whose delivery was confirmed was calculated to be 4.7 ± 0.5 cm. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate of minipigs in the comparative experiment on various factors affecting the pregnancy rate. However, additional experiments and analyses are needed due to the large individual differences of the minipigs.

Facile and size-controllable fabrication of copper nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon dots using an N,N-dimethylformamide-based reduction approach

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) have been recognized as a promising supporting material for stabilizing metal nanoparticles. In this study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) decorated onto NCDs were easily prepared under mild conditions. Two types of Cu fabricated NCDs were prepared by using different Cu precursors – CuCl2 and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-protected CuNPs, where DMF was employed as a multifunctional reagent serving as a reducing agent, stabilizer, and solvent for the synthesis of the CuNPs. The resulting NCDs with Cu species were characterized using ICP-AES, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, and STEM. We found that the Cu precursor greatly influence the fabrication of Cu species on NCDs, with the Cu content of the CuNPs/NCDs being almost twice that of CuCl2/NCDs. Furthermore, when DMF-protected CuNPs were used, nano-sized Cu particles ranging from 4 to 11 nm were immobilized on NCDs surface, whereas single-atom Cu were observed when using CuCl2. This indicates that DMF-protected CuNPs are a suitable source of Cu for the preparation of nano-sized Cu on NCDs.

Taxonomy, biological characterization and fungicide sensitivity assays of Hypomyces cornea sp. nov. causing cobweb disease on Auricularia cornea

Auricularia cornea is an important edible mushroom crop in China but the occurrence of cobweb disease has cause significance economic loss in its production. The rate of disease occurrence is 16.65% all over the country. In the present study, a new pathogen Hypomyces cornea sp. nov. was found to cause the cobweb disease. In July 2021, three strains of fungal pathogen were isolated from infected fruiting bodies and identified as H. cornea based on morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial large subunit (LSU) of rRNA and the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. The representative isolates of the pathogenic Hypomyces species used to perform pathogenicity test with spore suspension that caused similar symptoms as those observed in the cultivated field, and same pathogens could be re-isolated, which fulfill Koch's postulates. The typical biological characterization was examined of the serious pathogen to determine its favorable growth conditions, including suitable temperature, pH, carbon, nitrogen sources and light conditions. The findings revealed an optimum temperature of 25 °C, pH of 6, and soluble starch and peptone as the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The hyphal growth inhibition method was used for primary in vitro screening test of seven common fungicides, and the most suitable fungicide is Prochloraz manganese chloride complex, the EC50 values of cobweb pathogen and mushrooms were 0.085 μg/mL and 2.452 μg/mL, respectively. The results of our research provide an evidence-based basis for the effective prevention and treatment of A. cornea cobweb disease.

Innovative Design and Performance Analysis of Gravitational Water Vortex Turbines

Abstract: Due to limited availability and risk of extraction of non-renewable natural resources for energy extraction and production of electricity in future we will be relying on various renewable energy resources. Therefore we intent to aid THE GRAVITATIONAL VORTEX TURBINE SYSTEM in the field of hydro electricity generation. The turbine is capable of generating clean energy from streams without interfering with the environment. It will be capable if converting energy of moving fluid to kinetic energy which can be further utilized to convert it into electrical energy using a low hydraulic head. Electrical power is essential in commercial and social investments like lighting, heating, communications, Computers, industrial equipment, transport etc. Therefore hydropower energy is one of the most suitable and efficient source of renewable energy which depends on more than century of experience for this issue. The power capacity and facility are two criteria required for the classification of hydropower plant. The first one consists of five technologies: dammed reservoir, run of river, pumped storage, in stream technology and new technology gravitational vortex. The other one is classified according to power scale is Large, Small, Micro and Pico Hydropower. This project is focusing on micro hydropower especially gravitational vortex power which increases the sustainability and health of the water as a whole. It presents an overview from both flow and power points of view by discussing the free surface vortex (FSV) and the suitable turbine systems which are used in micro hydropower. The use of subjects like Fluid mechanics, Theory of machines and Engineering Mechanics will provide a backbone of this project. From this Project we will illustrate the micro hydro power generation technique.

Three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis of micro-plasma arc welding process using volumetric heat source models

Abstract The micro plasma arc welding process is associated with different physical phenomena simultaneously. This results in complexities to comprehend the actual mechanism involved during the process. Therefore, a robust numerical model that can compute the weld pool shape, temperature distribution, and thermal history needs to be addressed. Unlike, other arc welding processes, the micro plasma arc welding process utilizes thin sheets of thickness between 0.5 and 2 mm. However, joining thin sheets using a high-density arc welding process quickens the welding defects such as burn-through, thermal stresses, and welding-induced distortions. The incorporation of a surface heat source model for computational modeling of the high energy density welding process impedes heat transfer analysis. In that respect, researchers have developed numerous volumetric heat source models to examine the welding process holistically. Although, selecting volumetric heat source models for miniature welding is a significant task. The present work emphasis developing a rigorous yet efficient model to evaluate weld pool shape, temperature distribution, and thermal history of plasma arc welded Ti6Al4V sheets. The computational modeling is performed using a commercially available COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 package with a finite element approach. Two different prominent thermal models, namely, Parabolic Gaussian and Conical power energy distribution models are used. A comparative analysis is carried out to determine the most suitable heat source model for evaluating temperature distribution, peak temperature, and thermal history. The analysis is done by juxtaposing the simulated half-cross-section weld macrographs with the published experimental results from independent literature. The numerical results showed that the proximity of top bead width magnitude was obtained using the Parabolic Gaussian heat source model for low heat input magnitude of 47.52 and high heat input magnitude of 65.47 J·mm−1, respectively. In terms of percentage error, the maximum top bead width percentage error for the Parabolic heat source model is 13.26%. However, the maximum top bead width percentage error for the Conical heat source model is 18.36%. Likewise, the maximum bottom bead width percentage error for the Parabolic heat source model and the Conical heat source model is 12.3 and 25.8%, respectively. Overall, it was observed that the Parabolic heat source model produces the least deviating outcomes when compared with the Conical distribution. It was assessed that the Parabolic Gaussian heat source model can be a viable heat source model for numerically evaluating micro-plasma arc welded Ti6Al4V alloy of thin sheets.

Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens

Abstract Melanin is an almost ubiquitous pigment of brown to dark black color synthesized by living organisms. It has excellent potential for application in several fields, especially in pharmaceuticals. Yeasts are known for their ability to synthesize pigments, including melanin. These yeasts are considered black yeasts. However, there is little information on the synthesis of melanin by these yeasts. This work was designed to study the ability of black yeast to produce a diffusible dark pigment on agar. Two strains of black yeast, SN1 and SN2, were isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted soils. Based on morphological, physiological, and molecular analyses, the two strains SN1 and SN2 were identified as new species of the Exophiala phaeomuriformis strain. After pigment extraction, melanin was characterized using UV and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that melanin synthesis is strongly affected by light and optimal parameters such as temperature 30°C, salinity between 10 and 30 ppt, and basic pH. Both melanin extracts also showed inhibitory activity against pathogenic germs, and activities were observed on E. coli (33.33 ± 2.88 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29.33 ± 4.61 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (24.3 ± 7.65 mm). It was concluded that the melanin of the E. phaeomuriformis strain isolated from oil-polluted soils had high antibacterial activity. This high antibacterial activity could be a suitable source of new antibacterial natural products.

청일전쟁 직후의 청국상민 문제와 조선-청-영국의 관계

This article focuses on analysing the documents related to Qing merchants contained in “Young-An(英案)”에서 to reveal the interests of the Joseon, Qing and British governments surrounding the issue of Qing merchants after the Sino-Japanese War. In particular, “Young-An” contains documents exchanged between the Joseon Foreign Ministry and the British legation in Seoul, making it a suitable source for understanding the issues related to Qing merchants after War. As the Qing-Japanese War broke out in 1894 and official relations between Joseon and Qing were severed, the exchange of official documents also ceased. The Qing merchants, who grew rapidly in Joseon after 1885, were important in the distribution of British textiles in Korea. However, after the War, the treatment of the Qing merchants became a sensitive issue as the Qing mission in Korea was closed and official relations between the two countries were severed. In addition, the issue involved not only the interests of the Joseon and Qing, but also the interests of Britain, and is an important example of the changed international situation in East Asia after the Sino-Japanese War.

Endophytic fungus Alternaria macrospora: A promising and eco-friendly source for controlling Aedes aegypti and its toxicity assessment on non-targeted organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Fungal compounds are believed to be the most efficient method of addressing challenges with pesticide resistance and contamination of the environment. The present study was aimed to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal, ovicidal, histopathology profile, antibacterial, cytotoxic effects of cervical cancerous cells and its toxicity assessments using zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio). The isolates were confirmed by macroscopic, microscopic and PCR using a universal internal transcribed spacer primer for the molecular identification of the isolated fungus at the species level (GenBank - MN049541). The isolated fungus was first tested for its ability to produce toxic compounds in Aedes aegpti larvae in the 1–4th instar. For each instar of determined mosquito larvae, the secondary metabolites were evaluated in different bioassays at different test concentrations (100–500 μg/mL). The lethal concentrations of A. macrospora mycelial ethyl acetate extract that kill 50% of exposed larvae (LC50) and 90% of exposed larvae (LC90) were found in the first, second, third, and fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti (LC50 = 96.167, 131.370, 217.595, and 143.864 μg/mL and (LC90 = 395.16, 483.692, 882.545, and 655.722 μg/mL). After 120 h of exposure, the ovicidal bioassay's mean (%) was observed. A dose-dependent pattern was found in the enzymatic level of acetylcholinesterase in 4th instar larvae exposed to fungal mycelial metabolites. The treatment of 500 μg/mL of mycelia metabolites produced significant histopathological damage in the 4th instar mosquito larvae. The highest growth inhibition zones were observed during the antibacterial investigation of Alternaria macrospora metabolites against E. coli (22 mm) and S. aureus (20 mm). Also, the detected mycelium metabolites were tested for docking studies to identify their binding ability towards the E. coli FimH and S. aureus tyrosyl-RNA synthetase protein. The mycelium metabolites with different concentrations were further tested in the in-vivo zebrafish model to evaluate developmental toxicity. This is the first report on mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of ethyl acetate metabolites produced by A. macrospora species. The study findings demonstrate that A. macrospora metabolites might be an ideal, cheap, small, and environmentally suitable source for controlling A. aegypti larvae.

Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Diseases: Current Perspectives.

Stem cell therapy offers a promising avenue for advanced liver disease cases as an alternative to liver transplantation. Clinical studies are underway to explore the potential of stem cells from various sources in treating different liver diseases. However, due to the variability among current studies, further validation is needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapy. To establish a strong foundation for optimal stem cell therapy applications, selection of suitable stem cell sources, standardization of transplantation protocols, and patient criteria are vital. This review comprehensively examines existing literature on stem cell sources, transplantation methods, and patient selection. Additionally, we discuss novel strategies, including stem cell preconditioning, cell-free therapy, genetic modification of stem cells, and the use of liver organoids, addressing the limitations of current stem cell therapies. Nevertheless, these innovative approaches require further validation.

Economical large-scale purification of extracellular vesicles from urine

Research on extracellular vesicles (EVs), both in general laboratory methods and in novel therapeutic approaches, is limited by the difficulty of obtaining large quantities of EVs. This is due to the fact that EVs are only present at low concentrations in most starting samples and common methods for concentrating EVs from large volumes have decisive disadvantages. In particular, ultracentrifugation (UC) and tangential flow filtration (TFF) are used in EV bulk production. However, while UC leads to low EV-yield with high levels of impurities and damaged EVs, TFF is suitable for enriching EVs from large volumes, but requires expensive equipment. In addition, both methods require pre-purification of the EV material and downstream EV isolation steps. To circumvent all these obstacles, we evaluated various methods for their applicability to EV mass purification, optimized both their implementation and the workflow, and thus developed the following sequential protocol for EV bulk production: First, a preclearing step is performed by 1 µm filtration, followed by PEG precipitation to reduce total volume. Larger debris and apoptotic bodies are removed by centrifugation and filtration prior to enrichment and pre-purification of EVs by ultrafiltration or using the ExoEasyMaxi kit. Finally, EVs are purified by size exclusion chromatography. Since the availability of suitable starting material to obtain pure EVs is also a challenge, we compared different biological fluids, with urine proving to be the most suitable source. We determined the purity and quantity of the EV samples using nanotracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, phospholipid-, RNA- and protein-concentration measurement, electron microscopy and western blot.In summary, we have developed procedures to obtain about 1012 pure EVs in less than a day, with a handling time under 2 h, and at a cost of approximately €24. This method should facilitate further scientific and technical developments in the field of EV biology.

Bioactive Properties of Tagetes erecta Edible Flowers: Polyphenol and Antioxidant Characterization and Therapeutic Activity against Ovarian Tumoral Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans Tauopathy.

Tagetes erecta is an edible flower deeply rooted in traditional Mexican culture. It holds a central role in the most popular and iconic Mexican celebration, "the Day of the Dead". Furthermore, it is currently receiving interest as a potential therapeutic agent, motivated mainly by its polyphenol content. The present study aims to evaluate the biological activity of an extract synthesized from the petals of the edible flower T. erecta. This extract showed significant antioxidant scores measured by the most common in vitro methodologies (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH), with values of 1475.3 μM trolox/g extr, 1950.3 μM trolox/g extr, and 977.7 μM trolox/g extr, respectively. In addition, up to 36 individual polyphenols were identified by chromatography. Regarding the biomedical aspects of the petal extract, it exhibited antitumoral activity against ovarian carcinoma cells evaluated by the MTS assay, revealing a lower value of IC50 compared to other flower extracts. For example, the extract from T. erecta reported an IC50 value half as low as an extract from Rosa × hybrida and six times lower than another extract from Tulbaghia violacea. This antitumoral effect of T. erecta arises from the induction of the apoptotic process; thus, incubating ovarian carcinoma cells with the petal extract increased the rate of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, the extract also demonstrated efficacy as a therapeutic agent against tauopathy, a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Caenorhabditis elegans experimental model. Treating worms with the experimental extract prevented disfunction in several motility parameters such as wavelength and swimming speed. Furthermore, the T. erecta petal extract prevented the release of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are associated with the progression of AD. Thus, treatment with the extract resulted in an approximate 20% reduction in ROS production. These findings suggest that these petals could serve as a suitable source of polyphenols for biomedical applications.

Development of NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ Phosphor with High Thermal Stability and Its Crystals Structure and Luminescent Properties for NIR Anti-Counterfeiting

Near-infrared (NIR) radiation has attracted considerable industrial and research interest. NIR emission has promising potential for varied applications, mostly related to the characterization of chemicals, security, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural industries, which contribute to the advancement of modern technology. Emission sources such as tungsten halogen lamps, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and phosphor converted LEDs (pc-LEDs) can emit in the infrared range. Among these, NIR pc-LED is considered as the most suitable emission source because it provides adequate emission, high efficiency, long lifetime and excellent durability. In recent years, studies have been conducted to adjust the emission spectrum suitable for NIR phosphors and to improve quantum efficiency in order to apply them to advanced applications and devices of pc-LEDs.Recently, it is necessary to develop a material capable of specifying the near-infrared emission wavelength of near-infrared excitation beyond ultraviolet excitation infrared for advanced anti-counterfeiting against advanced counterfeiting technology. In the present study, a rare-earth-containing compound doped with an activator was used as a host system for a near-infrared phosphor to develop suitable luminescent properties. Yb3+-doped NaY9Si6O26 phosphors were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The main phase of the synthesized phosphor samples exhibited a hexagonal structure NaY9Si6O26 phase, and had an angular-shape with an average grain size of 1-3 μm. The NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ phosphors showed a broad near-infrared emission from 950 to 1100 nm, which was attributed to the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition of Yb3+ ions under 270 and 920 nm excitation. The excitation spectra, recorded by monitoring the emission at 985 nm, showed two bands in the ultraviolet and infrared regions The excellent thermal stability of NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ phosphor was evident from the fact that the relative PL intensity of NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ phosphor was 82% of the initial PL intensity at 300 °C, and the thermal degradation was negligible after cooling. These results suggest NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ phosphors are promising next-generation candidates for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications.

A global review on arid zone restoration: approaches and challenges

Arid environments have become degraded in recent times through human activity highlighting the need for restoration works to reverse this trend. One of the most common forms of restoration works is revegetation. However, revegetation is difficult in the arid zone due to a combination of environmental factors such as low moisture and extreme temperatures, as well as financial and administrative factors. In this review, we investigated the literature describing various methods available for arid revegetation, and assess their utility for revegetation activities. Each of the methods investigated were found to have potential advantages and disadvantages, though some general trends were observed. Two main planting methods were identified, “out‐planting” and “direct seeding.” Which of these methods to use depends on the conditions of the project being undertaken. Out‐planting appeared to be the most suited approach to smaller scale projects with higher budget availability, whereas direct seeding was more suited to large scale, lower budget projects. Weed control prior to planting was identified as being critical for success in most works, whereas soil ripping was beneficial for direct seeding projects. Among the soil amendments investigated, water‐holding gels were most likely to be beneficial, whereas fertilizers were riskier due to their potential to reduce drought tolerance and increase weed invasion. Microbial inoculation with mycorrhiza showed high potential to improve plant performance but may be held back by the lack of suitable commercial sources. Newer seed technologies, such as synthetic seed coats and pellets, show promise, but this issue still requires further research and development.

Renewable Energy Sourcing to Enhance Sustainable Manufacturing by Using Madhab’s EEE Impact Analysis Model

The world's increasing energy demand, coupled with the depletion of finite energy resources, necessitates a shift towards sustainable energy solutions. This research explores the multifaceted benefits of substituting conventional fossil fuel-based energy sources with renewable energy in industrial settings, with a focus on sustainable manufacturing. A case study was conducted at a printing and packaging factory in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, to analyze economic, environmental, health, safety, and efficiency factors associated with various energy options based on the Madhab’s EEE (Environmental, Efficiency, Economic) impact analysis method. The study identified solar power generation as the optimal energy source, boasting the lowest EEE impact index of 1.90. Wind energy ranked second, followed by conventional GRID power and DG (Diesel Generator) power sources, which were found to be less favorable due to their higher EEE impact indices. Feasibility assessments revealed that the factory had ample rooftop and vacant land space for solar power plant installation, making it self-sufficient in power generation. The return on investment (ROI) for the solar power project was calculated to be 5.54 years, making it a viable option from a sustainability perspective. Moreover, the solar system could be integrated with the GRID through a reverse metering system, enabling excess energy to be sold back to the GRID. This research underscores the significance of transitioning to renewable energy sources in industries for environmental sustainability, energy security, and economic benefits. It emphasizes the need for similar studies in diverse industrial settings to identify the most suitable energy sources, considering all relevant factors.

Effects of replacing fishmeal with different proportions of mixed protein source in the diet of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Fishmeal is an important protein source for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). However, the production of fishmeal is decreasing each year and the price of fishmeal is rising. Therefore, it is necessary to find new high-quality and suitable protein sources. This study used a mixed animal protein source (chicken meal:blood meal:shrimp meal:brewer's yeast = 50:12.5:25:12.5) to replace fishmeal. Using a 48 % fishmeal group as the control, five diets with different fishmeal levels (FM48, FM44, FM40, FM36, FM32) were established to determine the effects on largemouth bass growth performance, liver health and intestinal health. There were no significant differences in the percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and condition factor of largemouth bass, but the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes were significantly decreased when the dietary fishmeal level was reduced to 40 %. The content of taurine, glycine, and histidine was significantly reduced in the muscle of largemouth bass fed the FM32 diet compared with those fed the FM48 and FM44 diets. Mixed protein feed reduced the total bile acid content and increased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in the plasma of largemouth bass. The replacement of fishmeal with the mixed protein source inhibited the expression of tnf-α and caspase 3 and enhanced the expression of apoa1 in the liver, as well as enhancing the protein expression of FXR and SREBP and inhibiting the protein expression of P-PPARA in the liver. The intestinal pparα expression was suppressed when dietary fishmeal was replaced. When dietary fishmeal decreased, the mucosal folds height and muscle layer thickness also decreased. In conclusion, partial replacement of fishmeal with the mixed protein source did not affect the growth performance, while lipid metabolism and intestinal health were negatively affected when dietary fishmeal levels were below 36 %.

Nudging based computational wind engineering simulation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Modeling homogeneous Atmospheric Boundary Layers (ABLs) in Computational Wind Engineering (CWE) requires that all of the conservation equations are in equilibrium. A standard approach is to apply appropriate boundary conditions in order to maintain the inlet prescribed ABL profiles. Recently, the investigation has turned to the implementation of suitable source terms in the momentum equation. In the present work, the ABL is numerically simulated for neutral, stable and unstable atmosphere using nudging, a type of Data Assimilation. Simulations were performed with an in-house code that solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the standard k-ε turbulence model in steady state. The prescribed inlet flow profiles correspond to the reference data, which is used to define the nudging source terms that are added to the equations. The source terms play a role resembling a body-force and a source-sink mechanism in the momentum and TKE equations, respectively. This novel approach is shown to be reliable in ensuring streamwise homogeneity, under both neutral and non-neutral conditions, for the equilibrium ABL.

Effect of different organic inputs on agronomic and economic performance of sesame under rainfed conditions of North Maharashtra

A field experiment was conducted at Oilseeds Research Station, MPKV, Jalgaon to assess the performance of most suitable organic source for sesame production and its economics during the kharif season of 2021. Application of FYM on N equivalent basis + foliar application of 3% Panchgavya at flowering and capsule formation stage + Foliar application of Pseudomonas and Azotobactor 2 lit /ha both + soil application of Pseudomonas and Azotobactor (2.5 lit /ha + 200 kg FYM) recorded numerically higher seed yield ( 568 kg/ ha) over rest of the treatments, whereas higher net returns ( 26078/ha) and B: C ratio of 2.13 was obtained under application of RDF ( 50 % N as basal and remaining 50 % in 2 split doses) over rest of the organic sources.

Synthesis of SAPO-34 Zeolite Membrane: Influence of Sources of Silica

The research described the production and characterization of various materials, particularly alpha-alumina ceramic supports, zeolite SAPO-34, and zeolite membranes. Ceramic supports were manufactured through dry uniaxial compaction. Sintering of the supports was carried out at 1300°C for 2 h. SAPO-34 zeolites and zeolite membranes were synthesized through a hydrothermal process involving two steps: a first step at 38°C for 24 h and a second step at 200°C for 24 h. The research aimed to determine how different silica sources, namely Aerosil 380, colloidal silica, and TEOS, influenced the outcome of the synthesis. The study identified that Aerosil 380 silica was the most suitable source for synthesizing SAPO-34 zeolites and membranes. Zeolite membranes (SAPO-34/alpha-alumina) displayed a uniform and homogeneous distribution of SAPO-34 phase zeolitic crystals. The absence of defects or cracks in these membranes confirmed the successful formation of the SAPO-34 zeolite membrane structure. This research has significant implications, particularly in materials science and applications utilizing zeolites and membranes. The choice of silica source plays a crucial role in determining the quality and properties of the synthesized materials, and the detailed characterization provides valuable insights into their performance in practical applications. Overall, the research contributes to the understanding and optimization of zeolite synthesis processes.