Suitable Level Research Articles

The impact of job fitness on depressive symptoms in Korean middle-aged and older population: a longitudinal study

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the impact of job fitness on depression and depressive symptoms in Korean middle-aged and older population.MethodsWe collected data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), and performed a longitudinal analysis on 3,185 individuals with jobs at baseline. The dependent variable, depressive symptoms was measured by CES-D10 score, and the main variable of interest, job fitness was classified into nine groups according to job satisfaction and education level. To determine whether the estimate of depressive symptoms over the past week and depression changed over time, we applied the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, the impact of job fitness on depression and depressive symptoms was statistically significant. Compared to those with a suitable job level and a medium educational level, those with a large gap between job and educational levels were more likely to develop depression and depressive symptoms. It was also found that satisfaction with job content was a crucial factor affecting depression in the middle-aged and older adults.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that job fitness significantly influenced depression, even after accounting for the effect of job satisfaction caused by a mismatch in job-education fitness. Since work demands and responsibility are difficult to quantify or qualify, job-education fitness could serve as a valuable tool to predict the extent of depression deterioration in individuals.

Composition design of fullerene-based hybrid electron transport layer for efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells

Fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been routinely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells due to its suitable energy levels and good solution processability. However, its electron mobility and conductivity still need to be further enhanced for constructing high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, by doping the PC61BM with a p-type polymer PM6 and n-type molecule ITIC, efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency and operational/storage stability are obtained. Further spectroscopy and electric measurements indicate PM6 and ITIC can both passivate defects at the perovskite/ETL interface, meanwhile ITIC can elevate the Fermi level of PC61BM to enhance conductivity and PM6 can improve the photo-induced electron mobility of the ETL, facilitating charge extraction and reducing charge recombination. As the results, Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 wide-bandgap PSCs with PM6:PC61BM:ITIC as the ETL demonstrates a superior efficiency of 22.95%, compared to 20.89% of the PC61BM assisted device.

Thermally stable Al4B2O9:Ce3+ nanofibers with intense blue emission and Al4B2O9:Ce3+/Dy3+ nanofibers with color-tunable luminescence and white-light emission via energy transfer

Dy3+ can achieve white-light emission at the appropriate intensity ratio of yellow to blue light in specific hosts due to its wide yellow and blue emitting bands. However, luminescence intensity of singly doped Dy3+ in the matrix is low, which limits its application in PC-WLEDs. Al4B2O9 has become a promising rare earth ion-doped matrix owing to its ease of doping, low price, excellent chemical and thermal stability. In this work, to improve the Dy3+ emission intensity and to achieve color-tunable luminescence and white-light emission, with the help of energy level matching engineering, Ce3+ ions with a strong and broad absorption band and suitable energy levels matching with Dy3+ are selected as high-efficient sensitizers. Ce3+ doped and Ce3+/Dy3+ co-doped one-dimensional (1D) Al4B2O9 nanofibers are designed and successfully synthesized using a simple electrospinning coupled with an oxidative calcination. Under the excitation of 286-nm UV light, Al4B2O9:Ce3+ nanofibers emit intense blue light and can be used as blue-emitting phosphor, and the emission peak of Al4B2O9:Ce3+/Dy3+ nanofibers at 374 nm is attributed to the 5d→2F5/2 energy level transition of Ce3+, and emission peaks at 483 and 575 nm are ascribed to the 4F9/2→6H15/2, 13/2 energy level transitions of Dy3+, respectively. By modulating the doping concentration of Dy3+ and Ce3+→Dy3+ energy transfer (ET) process, color-tunable luminescence and white-light emission are resoundingly realized to address the weak luminescence intensity of Dy3+. In addition, Al4B2O9:Ce3+/Dy3+ nanofibers have excellent thermal stability. The formation mechanism and luminescence mechanism of Al4B2O9:Ce3+/Dy3+ nanofibers are presented, and the Ce3+→Dy3+ ET mechanism in Al4B2O9:Ce3+/Dy3+ nanofibers is elucidated. The designing concept and the technology in this work are instructive for preparing new phosphors with 1D morphology and super fluorescence.

Small Molecular Dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-Based Hole Transport Materials for Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cell.

The most commonly used hole transport material (HTM) in tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and its inherent hygroscopic and acidic features greatly limit the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. Concerning this, by selecting dibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide (DBTDO) as the core and engineering the donor units, 4-methoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylaniline (TPA) and N1-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-N4,N4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine (DTPA) as peripheral groups, two alternative HTMs are reported. Among them, the HTM TPA-DBTDO-DTPA can form a smoother film, which is conducive to the growth of dense perovskite film on it and shows the most suitable energy level. Meanwhile, the sulfonyl unit can passivate the buried defects of perovskite and improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of Sn-Pb mixed PSCs. Correspondingly, the TPA-DBTDO-DTPA-based PSC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 22.6% and maintains 75.9% of the initial PCE after aging 1000 h in a nitrogen (N2) environment, which fully outperforms the PEDOT:PSS-based control device.

The Use of Hybrid Technology for Power Quality Improvements in Grid-Connected PV Systems

In recent trends, photo-voltaic (PV) is mostly build upon competitive technological development of power quality (PQ) issues. In this article, a hybrid control strategy is implemented with multi-level inverter (MLI) to improve PQ features. As a result, the combination of these controllers with suitable level of MLI could improve the PQ features in a significant way.

The strong effect of flexible capacities on achievable WIP levels and throughput times: a simple model and its implications

Setting WIP levels at the workstations of a production is an important task: WIP levels affect throughput times as well as utilisation rates. Consequently, they also impact the delivery times to customers and the productivity. Queueing theory provides profound knowledge regarding the factors for determining suitable WIP levels. However, the existing models have been neglecting the important influence of capacity flexibility. This paper suggests an extension of the well-known Kingman equation to model the impact of flexible capacities on the required WIP levels. Simulation experiments have shown that the model is able to accurately forecast the utilisation level of a workstation for different factor levels of capacity flexibility, WIP and load variance. Companies can use the model to set consistent target levels for these factors.

Synthesis of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Photoactive Materials via Photoredox C−H Activation

AbstractThe synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives followed the well‐known conventional cross‐coupling methods such as Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira, and Negishi cross‐coupling reactions. However, these methods required unfavorable reaction conditions, organometallic precursors, and high temperatures. In addition, the synthesis of conventional cross‐coupling partners including organoboranes, stannane, and acetylenes required drastic reaction conditions and strong bases. In this work, a wide variety of thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP)‐based semiconducting materials (36 compounds) were synthesized via Pd‐catalysed photoredox methodology by using N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) based coupling partners, which can be readily prepared from N‐hydroxyphthalimide and carboxylic acid or aldehyde derivatives via single step C−O bond formation reactions with good yield (80–90 %). This methodology minimizes additional synthetic steps, harsh reaction conditions, and high temperature (100–150 °C). Optoelectronic studies suggest that the synthesized materials have suitable band gap, HOMO and LUMO levels for variety of optoelectronic applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of TDPP‐based π‐conjugated materials via the photoredox method.

Evaluating the synergistic effects of sesame cake powder and soy protein isolate on rheological, textural, nutritional, and phenolic profiles of high-moisture extrusion processed meat analogs.

In this study, the high-moisture meat analogs (HmMAs) were developed by incorporating defatted sesame cake powder (DSP) in soy protein isolate (SyPI). The quality attributes of HmMA like visual appearance, specific mechanical energy (SME), mass flow rate (MFR), phenolic profile, textural and rheological properties were assessed after varying DSP concentrations (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% w/w) and feed moisture (FM) levels (55% and 60%). The HmMA1 (derived solely from SyPI) exhibited higher hardness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and springiness. The HmMA prepared from SyPI-DSP blends (HmMA2-8) demonstrated significant improvements in nutritional composition, and their visual characteristics indicated noticeable anisotropy. The interaction between SyPI and DSP influenced the quality of HmMA. Thehigher DSP concentration led to higher MFR and deeper curvatures of U-shaped structures, whereas lower SMS, textural and rheological properties. The DSP incorporation and 55% FM adjustments allowed mimicking meat cuts with thick fiber, influenced color, and proved advantageous in developing white meat analogs with higher free phenolics. The findings of the study suggest avenues for exploring DSP at a suitable level in SyPI for the development of better quality meat analogs.

Implementing Lattice and Energy Level Matching to Optimize Buried Interfaces for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

In n-i-p type perovskite solar cells (PSCs), mismatches in energy level and lattice at the buried interface is highly detrimental to device performance. Here, thin PbS interconnect layer in situ coating on the SnO2 surface is grown. The function of PbS at the interface is different from the commonly used function of crystalline seeds in perovskite bulk. The theoretical calculation show that it helps construct an interconnect structure of SnO2/PbS/Perovskite with matched energy level and lattice. This not only increases conductivity of SnO2, but also upshifts Fermi energy levels (EF) of both SnO2 and buried perovskite due to charge transfer and perovskite's internal defect changes. Such a suitable energy level arrangement ensures a better energy level match at the interface, favoring efficient charge transfer and less open circuit voltage (Voc) loss. Additionally, in situ PL reveals that the template effect of PbS enable perovskite grain to grow bottom-up because of their highly matched lattice parameters. This growth mode optimizes buried interface contact and crystallinity of perovskite. Ultimately, after PbS modification, a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 24% and better device stability are obtained. This work demonstrates an effective interconnect layers strategy to realize ideal interface contact toward high-performance PSCs.

Halogen-Bonded Hole-Transport Material Enhances Open-Circuit Voltage of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Interfacial properties of a hole-transport material (HTM) and a perovskite layer are of high importance, which can influence the interfacial charge transfer dynamics as well as the growth of perovskite bulk crystals particularly in inverted structure. The halogen bonding (XB) has been recognized as a powerful functional group to be integrated with new small molecule HTMs. Herein, a carbazole-based halo (iodine)-functional HTM (O1), is synthesized for the first time, demonstrating a high hole mobility and suitable energy levels that align well with those of perovskites. The strong interaction between O1 and perovskite, i.e., I···I-, induces the formation of an ordered interlayer, which are verified by both theoretical and experimental studies. Compared to the reference HTM (O2) without any halo-function, the XB-induced interlayer effectively enhances the interfacial charge extraction efficiency, while significantly hindering the non-radiative charge recombination by reducing the surface traps upon the strong passivation effect. This is reflected as a big increase in the open-circuit voltage by up to 114mV in the fabrication of inverted devices with the highest power conversion efficiency of 22.34%. Moreover, the ordered XB-driven interlayer at the interface of O1 and perovskite is mainly responsible for the extended lifespan under the operational conditions.

The Design of Teaching and Learning Platform to Support Exchange Learning for Elementary and Middle Schools in Korea

The education sector needs to improve education quality after the post-pandemic and subsequent decline in educational attainment. Additionally, there has been a heightened reliance on private education, coupled with the projected inflection point of 2070, when the global population will decline. Various solutions have been developed and implemented to support changing educational environments and teaching methods. However, despite these efforts, the problem of a widening educational gap between urban and rural students persists. This is due to difficulties accessing educational resources caused by long distances between schools, and there is an increasing demand for practical measures to make education more inclusive. In this case study, we analyzed the building and operation of a teaching-learning platform. We interviewed stakeholders to prepare a preemptive response to social issues that education will face in the future. Through this, we derived considerations for an exchange learning-based teaching-learning platform (that supports teachers' exchange learning lesson designs) and proposed a design plan platform. The results of this study are expected to minimize the learning gap between urban and rural areas, support the development of educational programs that consider students' interests, and adjust the educational difficulty to a suitable level for each student. It is also believed to help develop and utilize an AI-based, learner-customized learning platform.

Thienyltriazine Triamides: Thickness Insensitive Interlayer Materials Featuring Fine-Tuned Optoelectronic and Aggregation Characters for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

A novel class of thienyltriazine triamides (TTTAs) was facile synthesized and firstly used as cathode interlayers (CILs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). By utilizing different aromatic arms and pendant polar groups, their optoelectronic properties and aggregation behaviors were effectively modulated. The combination of thienyltriazine (TT) core, naphthylamide arm and imidazole pendant group endows TT-N-M with suitable energy levels, intensified work function tunability, higher conductivity, and well-balanced crystallinity and film-forming ability, boosting both the performance and stability of OSCs significantly. Remarkably, the solar cell efficiency remains stable at around 90 % of the optimal efficiency even as the interlayer thickness varied from 5 to 95 nm, demonstrating its insensitivity to thickness. Moreover, TT-N-M exhibits compatibility with various active layer systems, achieving a maximum efficiency of 19.60 % for single-junction solar cell. Its exceptional tolerance to thickness fluctuations and performance establishes a new benchmark for multi-armed CIL-based OSCs, also positioning them among the most high-performing CIL materials documented thus far. This work not only broadens the scope of CIL materials for OSCs but also offers deep insights into design strategies and structure-properties relationships, being beneficial for the future development of more efficient CIL materials for organic optoelectronic applications.

Unveiling the Potential: Experts' Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence Integration in Higher Education

<p style="text-align:justify">This article investigates artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in higher education (HE) from experts' perspectives. It emphasises the view of AI's involvement in administrative activities in higher education, experts' opinions concerning the influence of the incorporation of AI on learning and teaching, and experts' views on applying AI specifically to assessment, academic integrity, and ethical considerations. The study used a qualitative method based on an unstructured qualitative interview with open-ended questions. The participants were thirteen individuals currently involved with higher education institutions and had various talents related to AI and education. Findings stress that implementing AI technology in administrative roles within higher education institutions is essential since it cuts costs, addresses problems efficiently and effectively, and saves time. The findings also revealed that AI plays a vital role in learning and teaching by speeding up the learning process, engaging learners and tutors, and personalising learning depending on the learner's needs within an entirely intelligent environment. AI can produce an accurate, objective, and suitable level of assessment. AI aids students in developing a stronger sense of integrity in their academic work by guiding them through AI-powered applications. AI must adhere to ethical laws and policies, ensuring its potential negative aspects are not overlooked or left unchecked.</p>

Exploring the Biological Value of Red Grape Skin: Its Incorporation and Impact on Yogurt Quality.

The study was conducted to study the sustainability and enhanced nutrition gains obtained from incorporating grape skin powder (GSP) extracted from both Fetească Neagră and Rară Neagră grape varieties into yogurt. Grape skins are major leftovers from wineries, having high amounts of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber responsible for their ability to improve the characteristics of food. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of GSP addition at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) on the yogurt's physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, color parameters, and sensory attributes. Analysis revealed that both Fetească Neagră and Rară Neagră GSP increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity; however, Fetească Neagră showed greater improvements, with TPC reaching 1.52 mg GAE/100 g and DPPH inhibition up to 26.63%. Although slightly lower, TPC rose to 1.43 mg GAE/100 g and DPPH inhibition increased to 18.93% with Rară Neagră enhancing these parameters conversely. Color changes were observed in fortified yogurts where lightness decreased (L*) and redness increased (a*) due to the pH-dependent anthocyanin stability. Syneresis, indicative of yogurt's water-holding capacity, was reduced at higher concentrations of GSP from both varieties, suggesting improved textural integrity. Sensory evaluation indicated that consumers generally favored yogurts with lower concentrations of GSP. Yogurts fortified with Fetească Neagră GSP received higher overall preference, while those with Rară Neagră GSP were also well-received for their distinct flavor profiles when used at suitable levels. These results show that GSP from both types of grapes improves the nutritional value of yogurt and complies with the principles of sustainable food production through reutilizing agro-industrial waste.

Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators Applied as Foliar Sprays on the Growth and Flowering of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Chhattisgarh Plains, India

Present investigation “Effect of different plant growth regulators applied as foliar sprays on the growth and flowering of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh plains” in var. Kashi Taru is located at the farm of KVK (Raipur) affiliated with IGKV, Raipur,(C.G.) in Rabi season 2022-23.The experiment was conducted in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with 3 replications, consisting of 10 treatments of 3 plant growth regulators with different concentrations, including GA3 (25, 50 and 75 ppm); IAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm) and NAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm) along with control as foliar application at pre flowering stage (30 DAT) and pre fruiting stage (45 DAT). Among the different treatments, the findings indicated that the application of Treatment T3 i.e. GA3 @ 75 ppm gave the maximum plant height (89.96 cm), primary branches (11.76) and secondary branches (25.17) per plant over control. The least days taken to 50% flowering were recorded (51.62 days) with GA3@ 75 ppm and maximum days taken to 50% flowering were found with control (58.87 days). The highest number of flowers per cluster was recorded in GA3@ 75 ppm (4.01), followed by NAA@75 ppm (3.97). Thus, a suitable level i.e., 75 ppm of GA3, is effective in enhancing brinjal growth and flowering in the agro-climatic conditions of the Chhattisgarh plains.

Impact of active root zone soil potassium levels on cotton yield and fiber quality under no tillage.

Potassium deficiency significantly hinders cotton growth and development, adversely affecting yield and fiber quality. Applying potassium fertilizer is a common practice to address potassium deficiency in the soil. However, the effectiveness of potassium fertilizer application depends on the appropriate soil potassium levels in cotton fields. This study used a randomized block design with six different soil potassium levels and conducted experiments across 18 micro-zones in the field. This study aimed to investigate the response of cotton yield and quality to different soil potassium levels, to try to clarify the suitable soil potassium levels for cotton growth, so as to provide practical and effective help for determining the amount of potash fertilizer in the cotton field. The results showed that the seedcotton yield was increasing, with the soil potassium level increased under no tillage. There was no significant difference among K4, K5, and K6 on seedcotton yield, which were significantly higher than K1 and K2. As soil potassium levels increased, the proportion of autumn boll and the proportion of outer boll also increased, indicating that higher soil potassium levels support the better growth and development of cotton in the middle and late stages, leading to increased boll sets and higher yields. Additionally, the available potassium content in the 0-40-cm soil layer was significantly correlated with yield and yield parameters but not with fiber quality indices. It is concluded that K4 treatment could provide sufficient potassium to meet the growth and development needs of cotton. Potassium fertilizer application is recommended when the available potassium content in the 0-40-cm soil layer falls below 122.88 mg kg-1 in the cotton field.

Low Band Gap Furan‐Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Naphthobisthiadiazole Based Conjugated Polymer/Stretchable Blend for Organic Field Effect Transistors

AbstractN‐type organic semiconducting materials that are compatible in stretchable organic field effect transistors (OFETs) still lag in performance behind that of p‐type materials. Herein, a n‐type conjugated polymer (DPPF‐NTz) is reported that comprises a furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPF) as a monomer and napthobisthiadiazole (NTz) as a comonomer units, respectively, in a conjugated polymer backbone. The low band gap of 1.34 eV and suitable frontier energy levels allow its utilization in OFETs as an n‐type semiconducting material. Optimized bottom‐gate top contact OFETs based on chloroform and chloroform: o‐dichlorobenzene processed DPPF‐NTz showed a maximum electron mobility (µe) of 0.00042 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and 0.00078 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively, in devices annealed at 150 °C. Interestingly, upon mixing the DPPF‐NTz with a stretchable polymer, polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS), yielded a stretchable semiconducting polymer composite, which displayed an enhanced µe of 0.0024 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ in devices annealed at 250 °C over pristine DPPF‐NTz. The improved µe and mechanical stretchability of the DPPF‐NTz: SEBS polymer blend over pristine DPPF‐NTz polymer is examined by nano‐mechanical atomic force microscopy. The research investigation finding provides a critical insight into the structural and nano‐mechanical properties of n‐type stretchable polymer semiconductors, which are essential for the development of next‐generation wearable OFETs.

Underwater acoustic target recognition based on multi-resolution wavelet feature deep learning

The application of underwater acoustic target recognition is extensive, exploration of marine resources, submarine vehicle detection and so on. However, traditional feature extraction methods are susceptible to the influence of complex marine environments and target operating conditions, leading to a significant reduction in the correct recognition rate. This paper introduces an underwater acoustic target recognition method that integrates multi-resolution wavelet features with deep learning algorithms, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional time-frequency analysis techniques, which are unable to extract multiple signal characteristics simultaneously due to the trade-off between time and frequency resolution. Specifically, the essence of this technique is twofold: (1) Selecting suitable wavelet bases and decomposition levels to capture signal characteristics at different resolutions, effectively seizing the signal's local features within the time-frequency domain; (2) Fusing signal features across different resolutions to optimize the feature extraction process and enhance the distinguishability of target features. Finally, by applying deep learning algorithms to experimentally measured underwater acoustic data, the results demonstrate that this method can effectively enhance the accuracy of underwater acoustic target recognition.

The Main Soil Constraint Factors and Its Improvement Methods Based on Sustainable Development of Agricultural Economy in Tobacco Planting Area in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province of China

Farmland soil is the basis for agricultural production and a fundamental resource. It is beneficial to the sustainable development of agricultural economy to adopt different conservation measures for different soil types which exist various obstacles. In order to provide scientific guidance for accurate soil improvement for the fields under tobacco-rice rotation in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province of China, soil obstacle combination types were analyzed by sampling and determined based on the data of pH, organic matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN), phosphorous (AP) and potassium (AK) in the plough horizons (0–20 cm) of 1008 typical fields, and according soil obstacle combination types, different measures were adopted to improve the soil fertility and tobacco yield and quality. The results showed that based on the five soil quality indices, 61.31%–81.85% of the fields were in the high levels, 26.79%–33.83% of the fields were in the suitable levels, while only 9.66% on average the fields were in the low levels. In total 89 soil obstacle combination types were found in the fields, among which, 22 types (75.3%) with the field numbers were more than 1% of the total fields. The main ones were the types of Reducing pH, OM and NPK (17.76%), followed by the types of Reducing pH, OM and NP (8.43%), Reducing OM and NPK (5.26%), reducing pH, OM and PK (4.66%), and reducing pH, OM and N (4.07%). In conclusion, the comprehensive countermeasures (organic fertilizer and straw mulching) should be considered and taken for the accurate improvement of soil quality according to the actual situation in soil obstacle combinations, and reducing pH, OM and NPK should be considered first for most fields under tobacco-rice rotation.

Nutrition Role in Maintaining Health and Preventing Disease

Abstract: A person's body depends on nutrients, which are the components of food that drive biological activity. A healthy lifestyle includes having a good diet. All that we eat and drink is what human bodies are made of and how they are powered. Proteins, lipids, carbs (sugars, dietary filter), vitamins, and minerals are the several categories that they belong to nutrients, and each one of these performs a crucial job. Building all body parts, including muscle, bone, teeth, and blood. Generating energy and maintaining the body's functionality. A complete condition of emotional and physical well-being is referred to as being "healthy." Optimal nutrition, which supplies all nutrients at sufficient and suitable levels, is the cornerstone of good health and the forerunner of prevention. The most significant ongoing environmental influences influencing our growth, development, functional abilities, and health are the meals we eat and the nutrients they should include. If we want to successfully reduce the excessive premature morbidity and death from our top killer diseases-heart disease, cancer, and stroke-we must educate the general population, especially health professionals, about nutrition. Our lifestyle choices, such as eating, disciplining our health habits, and exercising, will significantly impact our individual health and lower the costs of our existing catastrophic medical treatment. The main environmental factors that continue to impact our ability to grow and develop health are the meals we eat and the nutrients they should include. In this review, we discuss how nutrients play an important role in preventing our body from disease and maintaining health.