Suitable Antioxidant Research Articles

Investigation of the Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activity of Several Iranian Thymus caramanicus Populations

Background: Thymus extracts have become attractive targets for screening bioactive compounds with potential applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics industries. Objectives: This is the first report assessing the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities, along with total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), of hydroethanolic extracts from six populations of Thymus caramanicus Jalas at vegetative and flowering stages, collected from different regions in Kerman province, Iran. Methods: The anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity, as well as TPC and TFC of T. caramanicus hydroethanolic extracts, were evaluated using Ellman, DPPH, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride assays, respectively. Results: All extracts inhibited both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes, with most showing a stronger effect on AChE. The extract T2-F exhibited the highest anti-AChE (IC50: 28.74 ± 0.21 µg/mL) and anti-BuChE (IC50: 65.49 ± 0.81 µg/mL) activities. The DPPH results indicated overall suitable antioxidant activity, with T4-F showing the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50: 16.22 ± 0.07 µg/mL), though about 4.2 times lower than ascorbic acid. The TPC (76.60 ± 0.98 - 211.73 ± 2.13 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (19.15 ± 0.09 - 53.90 ± 0.13 mg QE/g extract) analyses revealed that T6-V and T5-F are rich sources of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed no direct correlation between TPC and TFC with their anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities. Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extracts of T. caramanicus demonstrated significant anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities, making them promising candidates for further studies aimed at developing therapeutic compounds with dual anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties, potentially for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of 41 Constituents in Uvaria macrophylla Leaves Screen Antioxidant Quality-Markers Using Database-Affinity Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

To date, no study has focused on Uvaria macrophylla leaves with various traditional efficiencies. This paper therefore applied a database affinity ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) strategy to analyze the lyophilized aqueous extract of U. macrophylla leaves. Through database comparison and MS fragment elucidation, this study has putatively identified 41 constituents belonging to flavonoid, phenolic acid, steroid, and saccharide natural product classifications. Significantly, four groups of isomers (liquiritigenin vs. isoliquiritigenin vs. pinocembrin; oroxylin A vs. wogonin vs. galangin 3-methyl ether; isoquercitrin vs. hyperoside; protocatechuic acid vs. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) have been successfully distinguished from each other. All of 41 constituents were then subjected to a quantitative analysis based on linear regression equation established by the above UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS strategy and an ABTS+•-scavenging antioxidant assay. Finally, the chemical content was multiplied by the corresponding ABTS+•-scavenging percentage to calculate the antioxidant contribution. It was shown that the chemical contents of 41 constituents varied from 0.003 ± 0.000 to 14.418 ± 1.041 mg/g, and gallic acid showed the highest antioxidant contribution. Gallic acid is considered as a suitable antioxidant quality-marker (Q-marker) of U. macrophylla leaves. These findings have scientific implications for the resource development and quality control of U. macrophylla leaves.

Enhanced hemocompatibility and antioxidant efficacy of chitosan-PCL nanofibrous mats with olive oil and honey nika cream for wound healing applications

This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing electrospun scaffold matrices comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS), enriched with active ingredients of olive and Honey Nika cream (NC). These matrices were assessed for their potential as advanced wound dressings. The microstructures shown uniformly smooth nanofibers with diameters ranging from 200 to 250 nm across various formulations. XRD results demonstrated that incorporating NC and CS simultaneously, increased the crystallinity of PCL. The thermal analysis illustrated that although the addition of NC and CS declined the thermal stability of PCL fibers, but had no significant influence on the microstructure of the PCL fibers, and scaffolds have suitable chemical stability. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of olive oil, honey, and propolis components in the scaffolds. The developed nanofibers demonstrated advantageous properties such as prolonged NC release due to the incorporation of chitosan, enhanced cell adhesion, optimal swelling and degradation rates, minimal hemolytic activity (less than 0.44 %), and suitable antioxidant capabilities (approximately 50.97 for PNC mat). Further corroborated by in vitro cytocompatibility assessments via MTT assays were shown biocompatibility of the prepared nanofibrous mats. This research highlights the promise of PCL/CS electrospun nanofbrous scaffold for wound healing applications.

Eco-friendly biodegradable film based on kombucha mushroom/corn starch/parsley extract: Physicochemical and antioxidant/antibacterial properties.

The main purpose of this study was to produce biodegradable film based on kombucha mushroom (KM), so kombucha mushroom was grown and used to prepare biodegradable film. Glycerol (Gl), corn starch (St), and parsley extract (PE) were used to improve the characteristics of the kombucha mushroom-based film. The physicochemical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of the films were investigated using different techniques. The obtained results showed that starch significantly increased the tensile strength of the film (3 Mpa) and glycerol improved the flexibility of the film (70%). Starch increased the film's resistance to dissolution in water, and parsley extract and starch improved water vapor permeability. The pure film of kombucha mushroom had good antioxidant (40% ± 2%) and antibacterial properties, and parsley extract significantly increased these properties of the film, so that the prepared film can be considered as an active film. Starch had no significant effect on antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The pure kombucha mushroom film had cracks on the surface, and the addition of starch removed these cracks and made the structure of the film more homogeneous. Electrostatic interactions between kombucha mushroom, glycerol, starch, and parsley extract were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The pure film of kombucha mushroom was a completely amorphous film, which glycerol, parsley extract, and starch improved the crystallinity of the film. Glycerol and parsley extract decreased the thermal resistance of the film, but starch increased this property significantly (about 40°C), so that the kombucha mushroom/glycerol/starch/parsley extract composite film had the highest thermal resistance. In addition to having acceptable mechanical, thermal, and structural properties, the film based on kombucha mushroom can be used as an active film in the packaging of food products sensitive to microbial and oxidative spoilage due to having suitable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction: Amelioration by Melatonin and Some Selected Food-Grade Antioxidants

Infertility is a common issue. In India, it has doubled in prevalence, raising health issues in both individuals and communities. Couples who are infertile suffer emotionally, socially, and financially. The Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction estimates that there are up to 27.5 million infertile persons living in India, both men and women. Endocrine disruptors, environmental stress, and abnormalities/imbalances in the body’s natural antioxidant defence mechanism all put male fertility at greater risk. Studies on how high altitude affects male fertility are very few. Recent research has shown that oxidative stress from different sources impairs spermatogenesis and causes an imbalance in the level of male hormones. There are two primary causes of oxidative stress: extrinsic and intrinsic, responsible for free-radical generation. There is an internal antioxidant defence mechanism that scavenges the reactive oxygen species, i.e., free radical generation which neutralizes oxidative stress. These antioxidants are important for the protection of cellular integrity. Apart from the antioxidants, various food supplements like melatonin, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, cysteines, etc., are suitable antioxidants for improving male fertility. Therefore, there is a great need for information on some clinically examined edible phytooxidants, including melatonin, for amelioration of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. This review focuses on the information available as of now about free radical (ROS)-induced reproductive damages in the plains and the high-altitude regions and the role of various antioxidants, including melatonin, in male infertility.

Bolstering Buck Fertility: The Impact of Asparagus racemosus Aqueous Extract on Semen Cryopreservation and Antioxidant Defense System.

Importance of Study: Semen cryopreservation results in sperm damage due to lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress, leading to a decrease in conception rate. The sperm damage during cryopreservation can be minimized with the use of suitable antioxidant supplements in semen diluent. Some herbs have potent antioxidant potential and can be used in semen diluent to protect the spermatozoa. Objective: Hence, the investigation was planned to evaluate the effect of Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus) aqueous extract on buck semen quality during cryopreservation. Methodology: In the current study, semen was collected from eight Sirohi bucks, and from each buck, 8 ejaculates were collected. Good-quality semen samples were pooled during each collection. Pooled semen samples were then divided into four equal parts and diluted in TRIS buffer containing different concentrations of A. racemosus aqueous extract (different groups, i.e., G I -5 mg, G II -2.5 mg, G III -1.25 mg, and G IV -0 mg of A. racemosus aqueous extract in 1 mL TRIS buffer). All the diluted semen samples were kept at equilibration temperature (5°C) for 2 hours and then cryopreserved by the manual method. Semen samples were evaluated for various sperm characteristics and antioxidant status before and after cryopreservation. Results: Asparagus racemosus aqueous extract showed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of sperm viability, sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and plasma membrane integrity, whereas it reduced sperm abnormality. Furthermore, in the experimental groups, the antioxidant gene expression was found to be increased compared to that of the treatment group. G III (p < 0.05) showed significantly better results in terms of sperm viability, sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and plasma membrane integrity. Conclusion: Asparagus racemosus aqueous extract has the antioxidant potential to protect buck spermatozoa during semen cryopreservation.

Double-hindered phenolic SiO2 composites with excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability for enhanced thermal oxidation stability of PPS

In recent years, loading antioxidants onto inorganic nanoparticles has attracted increasing interest. However, the existing studies not only have low antioxidant loading efficiency, but also ignore the relationship between structural changes and antioxidant properties before and after antioxidant modification, greatly limiting the improvement of the antioxidant properties of composites and their application scope. In this work, we successfully prepared bis-hindered phenolic antioxidants containing silica hydroxyl groups (Bis-mAO) and loaded them onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) to get the nanocomposites (Bis-mAO-SiO2). The melt blending method further prepared the corresponding polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/Bis-mAO-SiO2 composites. The results showed that the higher antioxidant loading and more suitable antioxidant structure made Bis-mAO-SiO2 possess excellent antioxidant properties. The prepared PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO2 composites remained stable under high temperatures and oxygen environments. Impressively, the maximum weight loss rate temperature of PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO2 was increased by 11.60 °C compared to that of PPS, and after accelerated thermal oxidation at 220 °C for 24 h, the relative intensity ratio between O and C of PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO2 only increased to 0.086, much lower than 0.132 for PPS. Moreover, the viscosity of PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO2 only increased by 29.05 % and 88.75 % after accelerated thermal oxidation at 220 °C for 12, 24 h. Compared, PPS's viscosity increased substantially by 79.22 % and 250.3 %, respectively. This meant that the Bis-mAO-SiO2 successfully achieved a synergistic integration of high antioxidant properties and thermal stability, implying that the work offered a strategy for fabricating high-temperature resistant antioxidant composites.

Effect of asiatic acid supplementation in tris-extender on post-thaw functional competence, antioxidant enzyme activity and in vivo fertility of bull sperm.

Reactive oxygen species at supra-physiological levels trigger oxidative stress during cryopreservation, which can be neutralised by incorporating suitable antioxidants into the semen extender medium. This study was intended to explore the effect of asiatic acid (AA) as an antioxidant in semen extender on frozen-thawed sperm quality and in vivo fertility of bull sperm. Semen was collected from Holstein Friesian bulls for 10 consecutive weeks (total ejaculates = 60). Semen was cryopreserved with a Tris citric acid egg yolk-based extender supplemented with 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, and 100 μM AA. The supplementation of the extender with 40 and 60 μM AA improved (p < 0.05) post-thaw motility kinematics, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, sperm viability, and DNA integrity of bull sperm. Mitochondrial membrane potential was high (p < 0.05) with 60 μM of AA concentration in extender media. The catalase activity in seminal plasma was maintained (p < 0.05) when semen was added with 20, 40, and 60 μM of AA. The in vivo fertility was found to be significantly high with the semen extended with 60 μM AA. Conclusively, this study showed that AA supplementation in semen extender significantly improved sperm motility kinematics and cell integrity, conserved antioxidant enzyme activity, and improved in vivo fertility.

Hydrogel of Thyme-Oil-PLGA Nanoparticles Designed for Skin Inflammation Treatment.

Thyme oil (THO) possesses excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties which are suitable for skin inflammatory disorders such as acne vulgaris. However, THO is insoluble in water and its components are highly volatile. Therefore, these drawbacks may be overcome by its encapsulation in biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles (THO-NPs) that had been functionalized using several strategies. Moreover, cell viability was studied in HaCat cells, confirming their safety. In order to assess therapeutic efficacy against acne, bacterial reduction capacity and antioxidant properties were assessed. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing abilities of THO-NPs were also confirmed. Additionally, ex vivo antioxidant assessment was carried out using pig skin, demonstrating the suitable antioxidant properties of THO-NPs. Moreover, THO and THO-NPs were dispersed in a gelling system, and stability, rheological properties, and extensibility were assessed. Finally, the biomechanical properties of THO-hydrogel and THO-NP-hydrogel were studied in human volunteers, confirming the suitable activity for the treatment of acne. As a conclusion, THO has been encapsulated into PLGA NPs, and in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assessments had been carried out, demonstrating excellent properties for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.

Functionalization of cotton nonwoven with cyclodextrin/lawsone inclusion complex nanofibrous coating for antibacterial wound dressing

Functionalizing cotton to induce biological activity is a viable approach for developing wound dressing. This study explores the development of cotton-based wound dressing through coating with biologically active nanofibers. Bioactive compounds like lawsone offer dual benefits of wound healing and infection prevention, however, their limited solubility and viability hinder their applications. To address this, Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) were employed. Inclusion complexations of CD/lawsone were achieved at 2:1 and 4:1 M ratios, followed by the fabrication of CD/lawsone nanofibrous systems via electrospinning. Phase solubility studies indicated a twofold increase in lawsone water-solubility with HP-β-CD. Electrospinning yielded smooth and uniform nanofibers with an average diameter of ∼300–700 nm. The results showed that while specific crystalline peaks of lawsone are apparent in the samples with a 2:1 M ratio, they disappeared in 4:1, indicating complete complexation. The nanofibers exhibited ∼100 % loading efficiency of lawsone and its rapid release upon dissolution. Notably, antibacterial assays demonstrated the complete elimination of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus colonies. The CD/lawsone nanofibers also showed suitable antioxidant activity ranging from 50 % to 70 %. This integrated approach effectively enhances lawsone's solubility through CD complexation and offers promise for bilayer cotton-based wound dressings.

Radical Attack and Damage Mitigation in Hydrocarbon-Based Ionomers

In an operating polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) radical intermediates are formed as a result of the interaction of H2 and O2 on the surface of the Pt-based electrocatalyst. Of the various radical intermediates, •OH is of particular concern owing to its high oxidative strength, E°(•OH,H+/H2O) = 2.72 V) [1]. In PFSA ionomers, •OH reacts relatively slowly with the polymer and has a lifetime on the order of microseconds. This leaves sufficient time for additives, such as Ce(III), to scavenge the radicals and thus mitigate radical induced damage of the ionomer. In hydrocarbon-based ionomers containing aromatic units, •OH reacts within nanoseconds with polymer constituents [2]. Radical scavenging can therefore not be effective.In the development of alternative antioxidant strategies for hydrocarbon-based ionomers, it is crucial to elucidate polymer degradation mechanisms triggered by radical attack. In addition to studying the initial reactions of primary radicals, i.e. •OH, it is equally important to characterize the nature of the formed polymer intermediates, their lifetime, stability and reactivity. Sufficiently long-lived intermediates can be repaired by suitable additives, thereby restoring the original ionomer [3]. In the fuel cell, the thus protected membranes show a much lower rate of degradation in an accelerated stress test (AST) at open circuit voltage (OCV) [4].In this contribution, we provide an overview of methods to study reaction of radicals with small-molecule model compounds and ionomer constituents [5, 6]. The interaction of ionizing radiation (MeV electrons or photons) with water leads to the formation of radicals, such as •OH, at known rates. Water radiolysis can therefore be used to study the kinetics of radical attack and follow-up reactions as a function of pH, electron density of the aromatic ring, and presence of additives. Examples relevant to the acidic conditions in the proton exchange membrane (see Figure, Panel a) as well as the alkaline conditions in an anion exchange membrane (AEM) will be given. Moreover, the use of suitable antioxidants to mitigate degradation through the repair of intermediates will be discussed. Fuel cell tests with hydrocarbon-based membranes containing polymer-bound antioxidants will be shown (see Figure, Panel b) and prospects for long-term stability of non-fluorinated ionomers assessed.Figure caption: a) Analysis of the effect of Ce(III) ions on the extent of degradation of 1 mM of 4-cumenesulfonate (4CS) and 4-(tert-butyl)phenylsulfonate (BPS) at pH 0 (1 M H2SO4) in 1 mM H2O2 upon exposure to a radiolytic dose provided by a 60Co-source of 800 Gy (corresponding to a cumulative amount of •OH of 0.22 mM). ‘Excess degradation’ indicates the difference to the extent of degradation in the absence of Ce(III) and H2O2. Data for BPS from [5]. b) Ohmic resistance of single cells (average of several experiments) with partially fluorinated membrane containing a tethered crown ether with and without Ce(III) metal center during an accelerated stress test. Ion exchange capacity at the end of test was measured to represent remaining membrane state of health. Conditions: open circuit voltage (OCV), H2/O2, 80 °C, 2.5 bara, and 100% R.H. [4].

Survey on Antioxidants Used as Additives to Improve Biodiesel’s Stability to Degradation through Oxidation

A major problem that limits the use of biodiesel is maintaining the fuel at the specified standards for a longer period. Biodiesel oxidizes much more easily than diesel, and the final oxidation products change its physical and chemical properties and cause the formation of insoluble gums that can block fuel filters and the supply pipes. This instability of biodiesel is a major problem and has not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Recently, the use of biodiesel has increased quite a lot, but the problem related to oxidation could become a significant impediment. A promising and cost-effective approach to improving biodiesel’s stability is to add appropriate antioxidants. Antioxidants work better or less effectively in different biodiesel fuels, and there is no one-size-fits-all inhibitor for every type of biodiesel fuel. To establish a suitable antioxidant for a certain type of biodiesel, it is necessary to know the chemistry of the antioxidants and factors that influence their effectiveness against biodiesel oxidation. Most studies on the use of antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of biodiesel have been conducted independently. This study presents an analysis of these studies and mentions factors that must be taken into account for the choice of antioxidants so that the storage stability of biodiesel fuels can be improved.

Postbiotics: an innovative approach to increase shelf life and quality of foods

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of postbiotics and the use of postbiotics to increase the shelf life and quality of food.Design/methodology/approachIn this review paper, all articles from five electronic databases containing Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were considered and selected according to the purpose of the study.FindingsIn addition to improving food safety and increasing its shelf life, natural food preservation using biological preservatives also has a positive effect on improving consumer health. As a result, protection using natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents seems essential. Postbiotics, having favorable characteristics such as nontoxicity, long shelf life and ease of standardization and transportation, are known as suitable antioxidant and antimicrobial, and there is an interest in making antioxidant and antimicrobial active films containing postbiotics to delay spoilage, increase the shelf life of perishable foods without changing their sensory characteristics.Originality/valuePostbiotic refers to all soluble factors that are either secreted from living probiotic cells or released after cell lysis. These compounds include enzymes, peptides, polysaccharides, organic acids, teichoic acids and cell surface proteins, and their effects have been proven to improve some human and animal diseases. Probiotic bacteria must survive unfavorable conditions such as processing, storage, distribution, preparation and the digestive system to exert their health-giving effects, whereas their metabolites (postbiotics) have overcome these adverse conditions well and may be a good substitute for probiotics.

Facile bio-genic synthesis of Astragalus sarcocolla (Anzaroot) gum extract mediated silver nanoparticles: Characterizations, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

The recent increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to a notable difficulty in medicine, demanding endeavors to fabricate efficient antibacterial substances. Unlike traditional physical and chemical approaches, bio-genic approaches demonstrate various advantages, such as affordability, safety, and speed. The current study presents novel green silver nanoparticles employing Astragalus sarcocolla (Anzaroot) gum extract (ASG-AgNPs). For the first time, the alcoholic gum extract of this plant was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in order to obtain antioxidant and antimicrobial nanoparticles. After optimizing the fabrication reaction conditions, ASG-AgNPs were characterized by DLS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of ASG-AgNPs and ASG extract was examined against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans by the broth microdilution method. Also, the DPPH technique was carried out to investigate the antioxidant property. TEM images displayed a highly even and spherical configuration of ASG-AgNPs, with an average size of 15.76 ± 1.40 nm. ASG-AgNPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity against all examined microbial models. The strongest effects were on Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms, with MIC values of 62.5 and 156.25 μg/ml, respectively. DPPH radical inhibition percentages were raised from 14 to 98 by raising the concentration of ASG-AgNPs from 100 to 800 μg/ml, indicating suitable antioxidant activity. Both the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the extract were weaker than ASG-AgNPs, suggesting significant synergism between the extract and AgNPs. These findings demonstrate that utilizing the gum of the Astragalus sarcocolla plant is effective in producing AgNPs, which likely possess significant potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, further research is required.

Does the use of antioxidant agents after dental bleaching compromise the aesthetic results of ceramic laminate veneers?

PurposeThis in vitro study aimed to evaluate the aesthetic compromise generated in adhesive interface of ceramic laminate veneer luted after tooth bleaching and the use of antioxidant agents. Thus, the chromatic coordinates and whitening index (WID) were evaluated, comparing whiteness changes (ΔWID) results to perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. Material and methodsIn total, 88 bovine enamel samples (7 × 8 × 4 mm; n = 8) were submitted to the ceramic laminate veneer luting protocol according to surface treatment (unbleached and bleached enamel), antioxidant agents (control; 10% ascorbic acid and 10% α-tocopherol), and luting periods (after 24 h and after 14 days). To lute IPS e.max ceramic restorations (7 × 8 × 0.6 mm), Tetric N-Bond Universal adhesive system and Variolink Aesthetic LC resin cement were used. An ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–VIS) was utilized to measure CIE L*a*b* coordinates prior to and after UV-B artificial accelerated aging for 252, 504, and 756 h. L*, a*, and b* axes were evaluated separately, and the whitening stability (ΔWID) effect was assessed by varying the whiteness index for dentistry (WID). The 50:50% visual threshold was used to evaluate ΔWID values (whiteness perceptibility [WPT] and whiteness acceptability [WAT]). Color parameters changes (ΔL*Δa*Δb*), WID, and ΔWID data were subjected to 2-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). ResultsDifferent UV-aging periods influenced the chromatic coordinates, WID, and ΔWID of the ceramic restorations regardless of the bleaching treatment, antioxidant solutions and luting periods (P < .05). In general, ΔWID values after UV-aging periods were above perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (WPT = 0.72 and WAT = 2.62, respectively) for all experimental groups (P < .05). Unbleached and 10% ascorbic acid-treated enamels luted after 14 days of the antioxidant action exhibited lower ΔL* and Δb* values, while control group showed lower Δa* values. All experimental groups showed similar performance on ΔWID compared to the control group, regardless of the UV-aging period analyzed (P > .05). Conclusionα-tocopherol is a suitable antioxidant solution to be used 24 h post enamel bleaching not compromising clinical acceptability of ceramic laminate veneers. Clinical relevanceThe adhesive interface of ceramic laminate veneers may appear darker after the use of antioxidant agents affecting the clinical acceptability of the restorations.

Melatonin Modulates Haematological and Water Quality Parameters Following a 100 Km Transportation of Clarias gariepinus by Road

Background: The transportation of fish is a common practice in aquaculture. However, the transportation of fish results in significant stress that can cause mortality and disease outbreaks due to compromised immune status. To ameliorate the effect of this stress, it is advocated that a suitable antioxidant be supplemented to fish before subjecting to transportation. Objectives: The present experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on haematological parameters and water quality indices of Clarias gariepinus post-transportation. Methods: Forty adult C. gariepinus fishes, weighing an average of 450.46 g and measuring an average of 38.23 cm and 4.46 cm were used for the experiment. They were divided into two groups. Group I (MMF) was supplemented with melatonin in their feed every day for one month while group II (OMF) was not administered melatonin. The subjects were fed a commercial pelleted diet once a day throughout the experiment. They were maintained in a tank made of plastic, and water was originally provided through a flow-through system. Haematological and water quality parameters were determined before and after transportation. Results: After the transportation process, erythrocyte count and packed cell volume of the group I was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05). In comparison to group II, the total leucocyte count, neutrophil count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio of group I were all significantly lower (P&lt;0.05). After transit, group II had considerably higher quantities of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia (P&lt;0.05) than group I. Following transportation, group II had significantly higher nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia (P&lt;0.05) than group I. However, in group I, dissolved oxygen concentration was greater (P&lt;0.05) than that of group II. Conclusion: Accordingly, it was concluded that melatonin affected various haematological and water quality variables in C. gariepinus and will ameliorate the stress of transportation.

Isolation, Characterization and Docking Analysis of Lycopene from Solanum lycopersicum and Daucus carota

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a berry type fruits and red carrot (Daucus carota) is a root vegetable which have essential micronutrient for the human diet. Carotenoids, polyphenols and vitamins present in tomato and red carrot act as antioxidants, anticarcinogens, and well known to promote human health and is considered as a vital functional food. Lycopene is a main carotenoid in tomatoes and red carrot, accountable for the red color of tomatoes and carrot. Lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis. Lycopene reveals important role in a number of chronic diseases such as cancer. The present study was aimed to characterize, compare and evaluate the lycopene content in tomatoes and carrots and determine, red carrots can be an alternative source of lycopene because fresh tomatoes have a shorter shelf life than carrot. The molecular docking is presented between lycopene and Human homooxygenase enzyme-1 (HO-1) that potentiate it as a suitable antioxidant molecule.

Epoxidized Soybean-Oils-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives with Di-Hydroxylated Soybean-Oils Copolymerizing and Antioxidant Grafting.

Vegetable-oils-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are being developed as a substitute for petrochemical-based PSAs for application in daily life. However, vegetable-oils-based PSAs face the problems of unsatisfactory binding strengths and easy aging. In this work, the grafting of antioxidants (tea polyphenol palmitates, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate (PG), tea polyphenols) was introduced into an epoxidized soybean oils (ESO)/di-hydroxylated soybean oils (DSO)-based PSA system to improve the binding strengths and aging-resistant properties. PG was screened out as the most suitable antioxidant in the ESO/DSO-based PSA system. Under optimal conditions (ESO/DSO mass ratio of 9/3, 0.8% PG, 55% rosin ester (RE), 8% phosphoric acid (PA), 50 °C, and 5 min), the peel adhesion, tack, and shear adhesion of the PG-grafted ESO/DSO-based PSA increased to 1.718 N/cm, 4.62 N, and >99 h, respectively, in comparison with the control (0.879 N/cm, 3.59 N, and 13.88 h), while peel adhesion residue reduced to 12.16% in comparison with the control (484.07%). The thermal stability of the ESO/DSO-based PSA was enhanced after PG grafting. PG, RE, PA, and DSO were partially crosslinked in the PSA system, with the rest being free in the network structures. Thus, antioxidant grafting is a feasible method for improving the binding strengths and aging-resistant properties of vegetable-oils-based PSAs.

Deciphering the structure-property relationship and antioxidant mechanisms of Trehalose – An in-silico approach

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have attracted significant attention among researchers as they play a role in cell death when produced excessively. To address this issue, scientists are actively seeking suitable antioxidants that can counteract the effects of ROS. Trehalose, a disaccharide molecule with eight hydroxyl (-OH) groups, stands out as a promising antioxidant due to its ability to protect against oxidative stress. In order to understand the origins of its antioxidant properties, a comprehensive study utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been conducted to explore the structure-property relationship of Trehalose. The study examines four well-known mechanisms (HAT, SET, SET-PT, and SPLET) and assesses the feasibility of these mechanisms exhibited by Trehalose. Additionally, the study investigates the inhibitory effect of Trehalose on Xanthine Oxidase (XO) through molecular docking analysis. This research sheds light on the significance of the position of the hydroxyl (-OH) groups in determining the antioxidant properties of Trehalose. The findings of this study have the potential to contribute to the development of efficient antioxidants based on Trehalose.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE COMBINATION OF AMBARELLA LEAVES (Spondias dulcis Parkinson) AND SOURSOP LEAVES (Annona muricata Linn) EXTRACT

Degenerative diseases can be caused by free radicals, whereas antioxidants can overcome free radicals. Kedondong leaves (Spondias dulcis Parkinson) and soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn.) are potential sources of suitable antioxidant compounds. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and the relationship between antioxidants and total phenolics from the combination of S. dulcis and A. muricata leaf extracts. S. dulcis leaves, and A. muricata leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and then formulated with a combination of extracts (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2). Each was tested for its antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The ethanol extract of S. dulcis leaves had an antioxidant activity value of 36.72±4.01 ppm with a total phenol of 76.84±0.50 mgGAE/g extract, an ethanol extract of A. muricata leaves of 81.45±8.19 ppm with a total phenol of 104.48±7.55 mg GAE/g extract and a combination of extracts with a ratio of ethanol extract of S. dulcis leaves and ethanol extract of A. muricata leaves (2:1) of 29.98 ± 0.37 ppm with a total phenol of 36.99 ± 0.98 mgGAE/g extract. The results showed that the phenolic content of the ethanol extract of A. muricata leaves was more significant than the combination (2:1), which had the most excellent antioxidant activity among the other comparisons. Total phenolic is inversely related to antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity is not only played by phenolic compounds.