Assessment Of Groundwater Suitability Research Articles

Assessment of groundwater suitability in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India, based on Water Quality Index (WQI)

Assessment of groundwater suitability in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India, based on Water Quality Index (WQI)

Application of GIS technique in suitability assessment of groundwater in the Assin North and South municipalities, Ghana

The application of the GIS technique in the groundwater quality assessment of the Assin North and South Municipalities has been carried out to assess its suitability for drinking, domestic and irrigational uses. Data for this study was taken from the Community Water and Sanitation Agency office in Cape Coast. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines were used for the assessment of groundwater quality. The assessment of the irrigational water quality was based on Sodium Percentage, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, permeability index, Magnesium hazard and Kelly index. The types of groundwater in the area include CaMgHCO3, mixed groundwater, NaCl, and CaMgSO4 based on the Piper diagram. The major factors controlling groundwater chemistry include rock weathering, ion exchange, and impacts of human activities. The groundwater is generally suitable for drinking and domestic purposes. However, some of the samples showed high concentrations of certain parameters including turbidity, NO3−, Mn, PO4, Fe, F−, EC, Cl−, and colour which make them unsafe for drinking without prior treatment in selected communities. The water quality index tool revealed that 29% of the groundwater samples are of excellent quality, 54% are of good quality, 10% are of poor quality, 2% are of very poor quality and 5% are unsuitable for drinking. It was observed that the communities within the middle zone of the study area have groundwater of poor quality compared to that of the extreme ends. The poor groundwater quality may be attributed to the impacts of anthropogenic activities including, galamsey, lack of hygienic conditions around boreholes, the use of pit latrine, and application of agrochemicals. Considering the irrigational use, the groundwater is generally suitable. However, about 20% show unsuitable quality based on magnesium hazard (MH), 5% show unsuitable quality based on Na%, 20% show suitable quality based on Kelly Index (KI) and 34% show corrosive groundwater type. Application of the Wilcox and the USSL classifications of irrigation water revealed that the groundwater is suitable for irrigational use. The study has revealed the effectiveness of integrating the GIS technique and hydrochemistry in the assessment of groundwater quality, spatial variation of the groundwater quality and processes affecting the groundwater chemistry and overall quality.

Hydrogeochemical characterization and suitability assessment of groundwater in a typical coal mining subsidence area in China using self-organizing feature map

Hydrogeochemical characterization and suitability assessment of groundwater in a typical coal mining subsidence area in China using self-organizing feature map

Assessment of groundwater suitability using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Western Rajasthan, India

Assessment of groundwater suitability using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Western Rajasthan, India

Hydrogeochemical processes and suitability assessment of groundwater in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China.

Groundwater is the primary source of water for domestic use and agricultural irrigation in Jiaodong Peninsula. This study collected 80 groundwater samples from Jiaodong Peninsula to characterize groundwater hydrogeochemical processes and the suitability of groundwater for domestic use and agricultural irrigation. The groundwater of Jiaodong Peninsula was categorized as slightly alkaline freshwater, with a Piper diagram classifying most samples as SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Ca·Mg types. Major ions were Ca2+, Na+, SO42-, and HCO3-. The major processes driving the hydrochemistry of groundwater were identified as water-rock interactions as well as evaporation. The dissolution of silicate and cation exchange were the predominant hydrogeochemical processes responsible for groundwater chemistry. Four water samples showed seawater intrusion and some indicated pollution from anthropogenic activities such as industry, agriculture, and domestic sewage discharge. Overall, it was found that groundwater in most areas of Jiaodong Peninsula is suitable for domestic use and agricultural irrigation.

Hydrogeochemical signatures and suitability assessment of groundwater with elevated fluoride in unconfined aquifers Badin district, Sindh, Pakistan

The fluoride pollution in the groundwater is a significant human health risk around the world. However, many diseases including dental, crippling and skeletal fluorosis cause due to high fluoride contamination in the drinking water. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of higher F− in the groundwater, geochemical composition, water type mechanism for minerals enrichment and groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. Therefore, fifty-seven groundwater samples were collected for the appraisal. The mean concentrations of physical parameters like depth, Temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, power of hydrogen ion (pH) and turbidity were observed as 28 m, 19.78 °C, 2283 uS/cm, 1456 mg/L, 7.4 and 21.80 NTU respectively. Whereas, the mean concentrations of chemical parameters such as cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+) were observed to be (92.12, 83.63, 251 and 12.40) mg/L and anions (Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3− and F−) were (375, 300, 285, 4.9 and 1.9) mg/L respectively. While the mean concentration of total Fe in the drinking water samples of study are were reported as 0.28 mg/L respectively. The range concentration of F− were 0.23–6.8 mg/L shows that 47% of drinking water samples exceeded the WHO limit (1.5 mg/L). The piper plot resulted in the dominance of (NaCl), and Gibbs plot represents rock and precipitation dominance ratios; while SAR and Sodium percentage (Na %) validates the salinity and sodium risk to the use of groundwater for irrigation purposes. Saturation indices expressed; the saturation of the fluorite mineral found within the range of (− 2.3 to 1.24). PCA results reveals four significant factors with total percentage contribution were 70.73%. Whereas, the water quality index resulted with mean and standard deviation as (2502.62 ± 2164). The overall quality of the groundwater is unfit for human consumption and irrigation purposes to the local population of the study area.

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Suitability Assessment of Groundwater: A Case Study in Central Sindh, Pakistan.

Groundwater is the most important water resource, on which depends human geo-economic development and survival. Recent environmental changes and anthropogenic activities render groundwater severely vulnerable. Groundwater in Central Sindh, Pakistan, is facing a similar situation. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater in the said region were investigated by analyzing 59 groundwater samples via agricultural and drinking indices, using various statistical methods and graphical approaches to identify factors affecting groundwater. Major reactions occurring in the groundwater system were quantified by hydrogeochemical modeling. A statistical summary reveals the abundance of cations is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while the abundance of anions is HCO3− > Cl− > SO42. Groundwater chemistry is mainly of rock dominance. Correlation analysis and graphical relationships between ions reveal that ion exchange and rock weathering such as the dissolution of halite, albite, and dissolution of carbonate minerals are important rock–water interactions, governing the evolution of groundwater chemistry. Hydrochemical facies are predominantly of mixed CaMgCl and Na-Cl type, with few samples of Ca-HCO3 type, which constitutes fresh recharged water. Based on the Water Quality Index (WQI), 28.82% samples were found to be unsuitable for drinking. A United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram, Wilcox diagram, and other agricultural indices indicate that majority of the groundwater samples fall within the acceptable range for irrigation purposes.

Influence of city municipal waste disposal on groundwater quality and assessment of groundwater suitability in agriculture

This study focuses on the impact of the disposal of Tirunelveli city municipal waste in the quality of groundwater in Ramayanpatti village where the waste is disposed; the study also assesses the quality of the groundwater suitability in irrigation in the disposed region. Tirunelveli city generates municipal waste of nearly 15 MLD of domestic wastewater and 100 tons of solid waste in a day. The domestic wastewater is treated by waste stabilization pond. The solid waste is dumped in the open yard. These two disposal sites are located in the Ramayanpatti area and their boundaries are at a distance of 500m from each other. Ground water resources are extracted in use for agriculture in the area of Ramayanpatti. Around thirty, locations have been identified in the Ramayanpatti area for sampling, based on the contour and flow direction. The dominant chemical cation species in the majority of the groundwater samples are in the order of Na>Ca>Mg>K and anion species are in the order of HCO3>Cl>SO4>NO3. Gibbs plot shows that the region is dominated by evaporation and dilution phenomenon. Rhode’s plot shows that there is no reduction in the rate of infiltration of soil in the Ramayanpatti region. Dendrogram shows that the leachates infiltration is predominant in the winter season. The study shows that the groundwater quality, nearer and to the southeastern side of the disposal sites are most affected and contaminated by solid waste leachates. The inference with various irrigation plots show that the quality of groundwater in the southeastern region is doubtful for use in irrigation and the groundwater needs to be assessed in order to use in irrigation for agriculture.

Hydrochemical characterization and suitability assessment of groundwater in Baga–Calangute stretch of Goa, India

The present study is the first attempt to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation in the Baga–Calangute stretch of Goa. The suitability of groundwater for potable use was assessed by comparing observed values against standards prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards, and the quality was classified based on the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index. Most of the groundwater samples (90%) were found to be suitable for drinking except for hardness, chlorides, and nitrates. The percent sodium (%Na), residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly’s ratio, and Permeability Index were found to be within the prescribed limits for irrigation purposes. The major mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry, i.e., rock–water interaction, was also studied, and it was found that silicate weathering plays a major role in the dissolution of minerals. Based on the hydrochemical characterization, the water was observed to be of the Ca–Na–SO4 composition type except for one sample which was of the Na–Cl composition type. Classification of the meteoric genesis suggested that the groundwater in surficial aquifers in the region had a deep meteoric percolation, and its chemistry is regulated by rock–water interaction.

Hydrogeochemical characterization and suitability assessment of groundwater in an agro-pastoral area, Ordos Basin, NW China

Groundwater is vital to supply residents, livestock and agriculture in Daniudi gasfield area, which is a typical agro-pastoral area. To effectively protect and rationally utilize the groundwater, a hydrochemical investigation of 43 samples from this area was conducted. A hydrogeochemical assessment using a Piper diagram, correlation analysis, ratios of major ions, principle component analysis and saturation index calculations was carried out to detect the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of the groundwater from a Quaternary aquifer (QA) and a Cretaceous aquifer (KA), and fuzzy synthetic evaluation and some water quality indices were applied to assess groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation. According to the statistic summary, the average abundance of the major ions in groundwater from the QA and KA follows the order: HCO3 − > SO4 2− > Cl− for anions and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations. There is evidence that the chemical composition of groundwater in the region has been influenced by human activities. The dominant hydrochemical facies of the groundwater is HCO3–Ca type. Dissolution of carbonate and evaporite minerals and the weathering of silicate minerals are likely to be the sources of major ions in groundwater. Ion exchange is another significant factor affecting the groundwater constituents. Gibbs diagrams suggest that rock weathering is the control process of groundwater chemical composition. As to suitability of groundwater for drinking, single parameter comparison and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation reveal that most of the groundwater in the study area is suitable for drinking under ordinary condition. A US Salinity Laboratory diagram, Wilcox diagram and some irrigation indices indicate that more than 90 % of the groundwater samples are suitable for use in irrigated agriculture.