Suggest Research Articles

Diversity In N.W. Himalayan Macrofungi (Basidiomycetes) and their Conservation

The diversity and distribution of macrofungi belonging to Jelly fungi, Agaricales, Aphyllophorales and Gasteromycetes in N. W. Himalayas, based on extensive survey and collections of these fungi from this region have been discussed in the present communication. An emphasis is laid to intensify the survey and identification of taxa and habitats worthy of conservation, leading to ascertain the exact status of species. The paper discusses the various threats to which not only the fungi but their habitats are also constantly exposed, and suggests the strategies for their effective conservation. The problems faced in evolving the parameters towards the preparation of Red Data lists/Books on fungi have also been discussed and possible remedies to overcome them are outlined.

A Conspectus of the Families Podostemaceae and Tristichaceae

Recent literature is reviewed and additional evidences presented to support Willis who had split podostemaceae into two families, Podostemaceae sensu stricto and Tristichaceae. In view of the available embryological and anatomical evidences it is suggested that further studies should precede attempts to trace the ancestry of these families to Crassulaceae or Saxifragaceae. Keys and distribution data for the genera of Tristichaceae and Indian Podostemaceae are given.

Engajamento no trabalho: uma pesquisa com servidores públicos estaduais

Engajamento no trabalho é um tema emergente na psicologia organizacional e exprime um comportamento fisicamente envolvido, cognitivamente vigilante e emocionalmente conectado com a atividade laboral. Este construto é formado por três dimensões: vigor, dedicação e absorção. Profissionais engajados mostram maior iniciativa e entusiasmo para superar os desafios que as tarefas exigem. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as características e a intensidade do engajamento no trabalho entre servidores públicos em um instituto no estado do Pará. A metodologia foi exploratória e descritiva, feita na forma de survey, com a utilização do Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17). A amostra foi formada por 100 servidores, selecionados em amostragem não probabilística por julgamento e o tratamento dos dados utilizou estatística descritiva, correlacional e multivariada. Os resultados mostraram engajamento com intensidade intermediária em todas as dimensões do construto. A análise de agrupamentos revelou três grupos denominados, conforme a intensidade no engajamento, em baixo (25%), médio (61%) e alto engajamento (14%). As conclusões recomendam investimentos em estratégias de gestão de pessoas, especialmente para equilibrar as demandas do trabalho aos recursos pessoais e organizacionais, que é uma forma de aumentar o engajamento e evitar o adoecimento laboral.

Impacted Canines Classification Systems Among Orthodontic Patients

This review covers all aspects from the viewpoint of impacted canines that were missed by some articles. Most review studies focus on the epidemiology and incidence of the disease but rarely on the detailed investigation of this therapeutic disorder; therefore, appropriate awareness of canine impaction diagnosis and management is critical prior to any orthosurgical treatment procedures. Hence, it is crucial to emphasize the means of proper diagnosis and interception of this clinical condition. This study aimed to compare and review the various diagnostic methods used to identify canine impaction, its advantages, shortcomings, research, and clinical implications to guide the evaluation and management of cases in general dental practice. Based on the current literature, the epidemiology of canine impaction, diagnosis, classification systems, and surgical options for exposing impacted canines are discussed. To determine the anatomical position of impacted canines, a thorough clinical examination and appropriate diagnostic imaging should be performed. The surgical method for exposing impacted canines should consider the tooth’s anatomical position in regard to the alveolar ridge and the amount of keratinized mucosa/gingiva. The article concludes that displacement and non-eruption of impacted canines can be managed by administering an accurate and adequate diagnosis of canine impaction, proper investigation of tooth position, length, direction, and related structures, selecting the appropriate management approach, and also reducing the biomechanics involved during canine retraction using fixed orthodontic appliances when they are impacted, and thus can restrict the risk of s urgical t rauma o n t he a djacent h ard a nd s oft t issues in th e p atients . T his a rticle m ay su ggest th at 3 D im aging is re quired to as sist cl inicians in de veloping a su ccessful t reatment p lan f or d etecting i mpaction a nd t he s urrounding structures . CPD/Clinical Relevance: Canine impactions are frequent during routine examinations. Appropriate identification, investigation, and, if necessary, referral are crucial to the outcome o f t reatment s uccess.

Het Atlantis van de Middelnederlandse ridderepiek : Een schatting van het tekstverlies met methodes uit de ecodiversiteit

It is well known that the study of historical literature is impeded by the incom- plete transmission of sources: due to a century-long loss of sources, inevitably, a large number of texts is no longer known to us. As such, our current perspective on the literary diversity of the past is probably underestimating the actual wealth of texts that once existed. Statistical methods from eco-diversity can assist us in adjusting this esti- mate in a quantitative and precise manner. Applied to Middle Dutch chivalric epics, these methods suggest that prior estimates of text loss may be too conservative: the methods estimate that up to half of the original texts have been lost (and possibly many more).

Exploitation of olive mill wastewater in sorghum irrigation

Purpose In Morocco, the olive industry has made remarkable progress thanks to the "Green Morocco Plan" adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2018, the total production was around 2,000,000 tons of olives, with a growth of 11.93% compared to the previous years. However, each year this activity generates millions of tons of liquid and solid pollutants "olive mill wastewater (OMW)" and "pomace", discharged directly into water streams without prior treatment, which creates serious ecological problems. Method This study focuses on the use of raw and diluted OMW for the fertilization of sorghum. The OMW were characterized, diluted (½ and ¼), and applied at a rate of 5 L /week /m2. Sorghum growth was monitored by studying physiological performance (transpiration, stomatal conductance, the intensity of photosynthesis, and the performance of photosystem II). Results The raw OMW is acidic, salty, highly loaded with organic (COD / BOD5 = 7.1> 3), and inorganic matter and polyphenol content of 9 g/L. All the parameters for monitoring the growth of sorghum are lower for plants irrigated by raw OMW, which are symptoms of water stress. Using the T-test, the plants irrigated by half-diluted OMW have yielded the same results as those of the control. Conclusion Despite the fact that the half dilution of OMW has proved promising results, we suggest that it should be pretreated before its use in sorghum irrigation to reduce its organic loads and acidity.

Corona Crisis in Medical Education: How to strengthen educational resilience in professors and students

Introduction: As a result of the Corona 2019-2020 pandemic, crisis happened in the globe. This educational crisis impact on all aspects of students and professors’ life. It need to pay attention to educational resilience as an important and debatable field. In this article,we provide suggestions to improve resilience in professors and students and to improve their resilience. Results: Corona's crisis has created many problems in medical education among which the following can be mentioned: Staying away from face-to-face training, promoting information literacy, technology-based thinking as a way to things, changing traditionalist and teacher-centered attitudes, need to upgrade basic knowledge and up-to-date content production and changes in educational expectations. Conclusion: The Corona crisis has created the challenges and opportunities in medical education , it seems necessary to upgrade and empower professors and students by strengthening educational resilience and most importantly, all should be the motivation to teach and learn at the present time. It can improve resilience in students and support them to have the best performance along the way.

Defensive repertory of Pseudoeryx plicatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Defensive behavior is an important mechanism for any animal survival, and understand their’s strategy improve our knowledge about prey-predator relationship. Herein, based on field observation, we describe a sequence of behaviors displayed by the dusky mud snake Pseudoeryx plicatilis from the Pantanal floodplains. The individual displayed five different defensive behaviors, and no sequence pattern was recognized. Two of them were new for the species, and although some of those defensive strategies have already been reported for other Hydropsini snakes, we found some differences in such behaviors displayed by P. plicatilis . The new repertory described here may suggest distinct prey-predator interactions from other water snakes within the tribe.

WORKLOAD AND JOB SATISFACTION ANALYSIS AS THE BASIS OF WORK SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT

Employees’ workload can be high when the existing manpower is limited and the list of jobs to do are long. For the employee, the workload may affect their job satisfaction and their performance in the long-term. Assessment of workload and its influence to job satisfaction was done at Sustainability and Operation Department of cultivates and harvests oil palms Company in Indonesia. The workload was measured using NASA-TLX that measure mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. While job satisfaction is measured using a questionnaire about superiors’ support, colleagues assistance, remuneration, and promotion. The assessment result showed that employee’s workload in these departments was identified as rather high. This is coming from commonly overtime exists and high domestic traveling frequency. Besides that, there is a correlation between workload and job satisfaction. There is two correlations model, positive and negative. The high workload can improve the job satisfaction, but otherwise, it can decrease job satisfaction. To reduce the workload, information system and database suggested for the company to reduce the employee difficulty in accessing data to finish their job that caused excessive overtime.

Benefits of using TiO2 Quantum Dots in producing low-cost and high-quality white LEDs

Quantum dots (QDs) is considered as a potential material for the improvement of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, different from the traditional phosphor materials, they have unique scattering and absorption properties affected by their several nanometers sizes, which makes their application in the production of LED confronts more challenges. In addition to this, the influence of QDs on QDs-converted LEDs (QCLEDs) is barely studied. In order to propose solutions for those problems, in this article, we carried out experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of TiO 2 QDs’ scattering and absorption on the optical performance of QCLEDs by comparing their properties with the traditional yttrium aluminum garnet phosphors’. The results showed that the strong absorption (reabsorption) of QDs is the cause of low radiant efficacy and stability of QCLEDs, and their weak scattering ability results in a low color homogeneity. For achieving high efficiency and stability white LEDs, we highly suggest using a low QD concentration to get reductions in the reabsorption loss and the total internal reflection loss. With 0.05 concentration of TiO 2 NPs, the white LEDs can achieve a high CCT of ∼ 7500 K and a high CRI of ∼ 85 simultaneously. Moreover, this TiO 2 concentration can also increase the luminous intensity by ∼ 31%. Therefore, we believe that the study can propose a potential approach to the production of low-cost CDs-based LEDs with high performance in a near future.

Open Fractures - What Is the Evidence, and How Can We Improve?

Open fractures can have devastating consequences, including chronic infections and amputations, leaving patients with life-changing disabilities. Prompt and appropriate treatment can spare patients the sequelae of open fractures and the long-term economic burden these injuries often inflict. The British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics (BOAST-4) guideline outlines the acute management of patients with open fractures and is often considered the gold standard for open fracture management in the UK. In an era of evidence-based medicine, clinicians are continually mindful of the science behind current guidelines and practices. This article aims to critique the evidence underpinning the BOAST-4 guidelines and suggest improvements based on contemporary literature. Antibiotic delivery in the prehospital setting, the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy, timing for the conversion from external to internal fixation, and the differentiation between adult and paediatric open fractures were among the many pertinent topics critiqued, and evidence-based improvements suggested.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices during the second wave of COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study from various perspectives.

Aim To investigate knowledge, attitudes and practice towards COVID-19 among selected population. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire based on a Chinese study was distributed via online social media platforms among general population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, India, Kosovo and Romania. Results In total 1032 subjects, predominately females, 615 (59.6%) with a mean age of 31.23±12.94 years, single, 705 (68.3%), with high school degree or lower, 469 (45.4%), students, 528 (51.1%) and living in an urban environment, 824 (79.8%), have completed the survey. The median knowledge score was 10.0 (range 0-12). Being male (β: -0.437; p=0.003) and older (β: -0.028; p<0.001) were associated with lower knowledge scores, while being single (β: 1.026; p<0.001) and mental labour employee (β: 0.402; p=0.032) were associated with higher knowledge scores. The vast majority of subjects had not visited crowded places, 630 (61.0%) and wearing masks when they were going out, 928 (89.9%). Being female (OR=0.731; p=0.022), having higher knowledge scores (OR=0.929; p=0.017) and being a mental labour employee (OR=0.713; p=0.031) decreased the exposure to crowded places. High school or lower education level (OR=0.616; p=0.024) decreased the action of wearing a mask in public places, while higher knowledge scores (OR=1.112; p=0.013) increased it. Conclusion Our study suggests that residents of the selected regions have had good knowledge, pessimistic attitudes and relatively appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the second wave of the outbreak.

On Not Saying What We Shouldn't Have to Say

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; In this paper we introduce a novel way of building arithmetics whose background logic is R. The purpose of doing this is to point in the direction of a novel family of systems that could be candidates for being the infamous R#1/2 that Meyer suggested we look for. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

La legitimación del privilegio en colegios de elite chilenos: De la responsabilidad social al discurso del mérito

Los colegios de elite chilenos han sido históricamente espacios no solo para asegurar la homogeneidad de estos grupos y su reproducción, sino que de transmisión y socialización del privilegio. Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación etnográfica en dos establecimientos, en la que se abordó cómo los colegios de elite comprenden, socializan y buscan legitimar su lugar de privilegio. Los resultados evidencian como ambos establecimientos abordan el privilegio de distintos modos. En el primer colegio se busca que sus alumnos se auto-comprendan como privilegiados, y su legitimación es por medio de formar a sus alumnos con un sello social de vincularse con los problemas del país. El segundo colegio comprende y legitima el privilegio por medio de procesos de resignificación del privilegio en tanto mérito. El artículo sugiere una forma más amplia de pensar la transmisión del privilegio, donde se hace necesario contemplar las dinámicas de diferenciación de los establecimientos en contextos de mercado, así como también la correspondencia socioeducativa entre los tipos de proyectos, las estrategias y las divisiones internas en las elites.

A bolsa faz diferença? Uma análise do desempenho acadêmico de alunos bolsistas de cursos de graduação da área de negócios

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar a relação entre as modalidades de bolsas acadêmicas e o desempenho acadêmico de alunos de cursos de graduação da área de negócios. Com base na literatura, duas hipóteses foram formuladas: (i) os alunos que recebem bolsas acadêmicas possuem melhor desempenho acadêmico em relação àqueles que não as recebem e (ii) as modalidades de bolsas acadêmicas possuem relação positiva com o desempenho acadêmico. Utilizaram-se os dados do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes de 2018, resultando em uma amostra de 83.003 observações. Os resultados dos testes t de Welch indicaram que os alunos bolsistas possuem melhor desempenho acadêmico do que os não-bolsistas e os modelos de regressão apontaram que a modalidade de bolsa acadêmica está positivamente associada à performance discente. Portanto, ambas as hipóteses foram sustentadas. Estas evidências sugerem que as políticas educacionais referentes à concessão de bolsas acadêmicas no âmbito da graduação na área de negócios são relevantes e que as entidades podem, continuamente, aprimorar tais políticas, sobretudo, quando houver mudanças nos contextos social e econômico. Todavia, não foram avaliados os valores das bolsas, mas tão somente a sua concessão e modalidade, abrindo espaço para investigações, especialmente em momentos de restrição orçamentária, tal como provocado pela Covid-19.

Analysis Of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) Subtype By Race and Geography Using The Comprehensive Oncology Measures For Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Treatment (COMPLETE) Dataset

Background COMPLETE is a national registry of PTCL patients designed to describe patient characteristics, treatments and outcomes in a ‘real world’ setting. Previous work has suggested that there may be geographic and/or racial differences in the incidence of PTCL subtypes. Using the COMPLETE dataset, we explored the influence of race and geography in the United States on the incidence of PTCL subtypes and examined for interactions between these two variables. Methods We identified patients with locked baseline records and performed univariate analyses comparing disease subtype, stratified by race and geography. A multivariable, multinomial response regression model was used to predict the classification of PTCL subtype based upon race and geographic region. An interaction term for race and region was assessed via a likelihood ratio test and found to be not significant (p = 0.43), thus was removed from the model. Results A total of 247 patients had locked baseline records. Given the small numbers of Asian (7 patients, 3%) and other/race unknown patients (6, 3%), only Black (43, 17%) and White (191, 77%) patients were included in the analyses. Results of the univariate analyses can be found in [Table 1][1]. PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS) accounted for the largest histologic subtype (35% of patients), consistent with SEER (31%) and other data sources. A trend was noted in distribution of subtype by race and significant differences were seen in histologic distribution by region, with a higher proportion of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) patients diagnosed in the West and a smaller proportion in the South. A higher proportion of patients diagnosed with PTCL-NOS were in the South compared to other regions while a higher proportion of patients in the Northeast were diagnosed with other histologic subtypes. The multinomial regression model suggests there was a relatively high likelihood of being diagnosed with PTCL-NOS for both races in the Midwest, South and West and a relatively high likelihood of being diagnosed with other subtypes of PTCL for patients in the Northeast. White patients in the West have the highest likelihood of being diagnosed with AITL. View this table: Table 1 Results of Univariate Analyses of PTCL Subtype by Race and Region Conclusions These results suggest there is a modest, independent influence of both race and region in the United States on histologic subtype of PTCL. Whether geographic differences are due to patient selection bias or potentially due to environmental factors cannot be determined in this study. As the sample size grows, further analyses are warranted to examine if the effect of race and region is enhanced or diminished while controlling for factors not measured in the current model. Disclosures: Carson: Allos: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Foss: merck: Research Funding; spectrum: Research Funding; eisai: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; millenium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; seattle genetics: Research Funding. Pinter-Brown: Allos: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Horwitz: Spectrum (Allos): Consultancy, Research Funding. Rosen: Allos: Consultancy, Honoraria. Gisselbrecht: Allos: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hsi: Allos: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Abbott: Research Funding; Cellerant Therapeutics: Research Funding; BD Biosciences: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding. [1]: #T1

Appropriateness Of Prescribing Of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Prospective Cohort Study At CHU UCL Mont-Godinne-Dinant

Background and Objective Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been developed to address some of the limitations of Vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs) and are claimed to be easier to use. However, deviations from the recommended use have been reported, sometimes leading to serious adverse events (Sorensen R et al. BMJ Open 2013, Hussain S et al. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2013, Lim SL et al. Med J Aust 2013, Legrand M et al. Arch Intern Med 2011, Bene J et al. Ann Pharmacother 2012). Our objective was to evaluate the appropriateness of prescribing DOACs in real-life clinical practice. Setting and Method We conducted a prospective cohort study including patients admitted to a 450-bed teaching hospital (Belgium) from April to July 2013, who were taking rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) or dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa®). A clinical pharmacist interviewed each patient to collect clinical and pharmaceutical data. Additional relevant information was retrieved from the electronic medical record. Appropriateness of prescribing was evaluated using the 10 criteria of the Medication Appropriateness Index (Samsa GP et al. J Clin Epidemiol 1994, Hanlon JT et al. J Clin epidemiol 1992). Explicit instructions were added, based on EU summary of the product characteristics and (inter)national guidelines. Due to limited cost-effectiveness data in Belgium, the tenth criterion of the MAI was not used. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of inappropriate prescribing, namely the proportion of patients with ≥1 inappropriate criterion. Secondary outcome measures included (a) a description of the main categories of inappropriateness prescribing, (b) comparison of results for patients on Xarelto® as compared to those on Pradaxa®, (c) the prevalence of adverse drug events and their relationship to inappropriate prescribing and (d) a description of interventions made by the clinical pharmacist to optimize prescribing. Results Fifty-two patients were evaluated (median age 74 years, range 51-89; 29 and 23 taking Xarelto® and Pradaxa®, respectively). Twenty-eight (53.8%) patients had at least one inappropriate rating: 1 inappropriate criterion in 26.9% and >1 in 26.9% of patients ([Figure 1][1]). The most frequent inappropriate criteria were: wrong dosage (32.7%, e.g. dose not adapted to renal function); inappropriate choice and modalities of administration (28.8%, e.g. prescription of a NOAC in a VKA-naive patient with extreme body weight, once daily administration of Pradaxa®); and unpractical modalities of administration (25.0%, e.g. Pradaxa® in non-adherent patients) ([Table 1][2]). Results were overall similar when comparing Pradaxa® and Xarelto®, indicating that the trend of inappropriate prescribing might not be related to one specific DOAC. Twenty-four patients (47.0%) had experienced one adverse event (e.g. 8 patients had a stroke or a transient ischemic accident, 6 had hematomas or non-characteristic bleedings, 3 had epistaxis incidents and 2 patients reported dyspepsia); and 7.8% more than one adverse event. The clinical pharmacist made 29 interventions during the study period; e.g. 11 request for specific coagulation assay, 8 switches to another oral anticoagulant, 3 dose adjustments and 3 therapeutic education. Thirteen patients had one clinical pharmacist intervention and 8 patients benefited from 2 interventions. ![Figure 1][3] Figure 1 Percentage of inappropriate ratings (C) per patient, using the Medication Appropriateness Index View this table: Table 1 Detailed ratings of appropriateness using the Medication Appropriateness Index (N) Conclusion The quality of prescribing DOACs was suboptimal. Off-label use was frequent and suggests that reinforcing education of health care professionals is needed. This should be a priority for the future. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: #T1 [3]: pending:yes

Intravenous Once-Daily BuCy 2 With Pharmacokinetic (PK)-Guided Dose Adjustment As Conditioning Regimen For AML Patients In First Complete Remission

Introduction Busulfan (Bu) represents a backbone as conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The intravenous (IV) form of Busulfan allows 100% bioavaibility and a limited inter- and intra-patient (pt) variability compared to the oral form. In Europe, IV Bu (Busilvex® fixed dose of 0.8 mg/kg x 16 doses) in combination with Cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d x 2) is indicated prior to conventional HSCT in adults when the combination is the best available option. IV BuCy2 allows a precise delivery with 80% of adult pts within the defined therapeutic window [900 μmol/L x min-100 μmol/L x min] without dose-adjustments. Despite major advances in the risk-stratification and management of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) based on cytogenetics and molecular biology, the relapse rate remains high. Several published experiences suggested that Bu exposure may have an impact on the clinical outcomes after allogeneic HSCT. Study Objective The study was implemented to explore the use of a narrow range and high values of Bu exposure [4400 µmol/Lx min to 6000 µmol/Lx min] with a PK-guided dose adjustments and once-daily administration x 4 days. Methods The study was a prospective non-randomized multicentric phase II. The eligible pts were required to have AML in first complete (CR1, cytological remission) and to be eligible allogeneic HSCT following a myeloablative regimen. On the first day of the conditioning regimen IV Bu was administered as a single dose of 3.2 mg/kg; further daily dose of IV Bu were determined based on the previous Bu AUC exposure. The graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of calcineurin inhibitor, IV methotrexate post-transplant. The addition of antithymoglobulin (ATG) for unrelated donors was decided by each center based on their institutional guidelines. Pts could either receive related or unrelated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. Nine centres with laboratory facilities for the pharmacokinetics analysis entered the study. Patient and transplant characteristics Thirty AML pts in CR1 (21 males, 70%) were treated between may 2010 and may 2012, 87% of pts had de novo AML. Twenty pts (67%) had matched sibling donor, the remaining pts received allograft from an unrelated donor. The median age of the cohort was 43.5 years [19.3-55.5]. The performance status score was comprised between 90 and 100. The majority of the cohort (83%) had an intermediate or unfavorable cytogenetic risk-factors. In 3 cases (10%) the karyotyping analyses could not be performed; 1 pt (3%) did not have cytogenetic test performed. Results Thirty pts were treated and analyzed. The expected cumulative AUC over 4 days [17600 µmol/Lxmin -24000 µmol/Lxmin] was reached in 90% of pts. The mean dose of IV Bu administered was 3.51 mg/kg/day. The mean total cumulative dose of IV Bu over 4 days was 13.25 mg/kg [8-21.3]. All pts engrafted. For the entire cohort, the neutrophil engraftment [absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 0.5 x 10 9/L] occured at a median time of 17.5 d (11-35). Overall, 3 episodes (10%) of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (S.O.S) occured (one mild, two severe, all resolved) in two patients. One pt developed 2 severe episodes of S.O.S and received defibrotide. Overall, 12 pts out of 30 (40%) developed acute GVHD between day 0 and day +100 after transplant (4 pts had grade III, 6 pts had grade II and 2 pts developed grade III, no patient developed grade IV). The median follow-up was 12 months [95% CI (11.9-12.2)] After day +100, 4 pts died of non-relapse causes ; one death from pulmonary fibrosis was related to the conditioning regimen. The cumulative incidence of TRM was 13.3% [95% CI (11.1%-15.6%)]. Five pts relapsed at a median time of 3.3 months [2-5.6] and 4 pts died of relapse. The cumulative incidence of one-year survival was 73.3% [95% CI (53.7%-85.7%)]. Conclusion The AUC intensification with once-daily IV BuCy2 is effective and yields an acceptable one year TRM for pts with high-risk AML in CR1. However, longer follow-up is needed in order to assess the impact of AUC intensification on the relapse rate and survivals. Disclosures: Suarez:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Travel grant Other. Off Label Use: IV Busulfan was administered in once-daily in this study. In Europe, IV Busulfan combined to cyclophosphamide is registered with a different schedule (infusion of IV Busulfan four times a day). IV Busulfan (Busilvex(r)) is an alkylating agent used as a conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Socie:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Speakers Bureau. Michallet:Genzyme, MSD, BMS, Novartis, TEVA, Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Paci:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Honoraria. Blaise:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Speakers Bureau, travel grant Other. Marcais:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: travel grant Other. Xhaard:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Honoraria. Nicolini:BMS, Teva, Ariad, Pfizer, Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Furst:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: travel grant Other. Levrault:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Employment. Riggi:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Employment. Ta Thanh Minh:Laboratoires Pierre Fabre: Employment.

Donor CD3 Chimerism After Allogeneic Transplantation Predicts Probability Of Relapse For Patients Treated For Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), and Non-Hodkgin's Lymphoma (NHL)

Introduction The ability to predict relapse in patients after HSCT is crucial for tailoring therapy including pre transplant conditioning regimens and post transplant interventions. Donor bone marrow CD34+ cell chimerism analyses has previously been reported to be predictive for post transplant relapse for acute leukemia. Rapid immune reconstitution after HSCT may be important in the development of a robust graft versus leukemia response. Methods We performed for a sequential series of patients a retrospective analysis of donor cell chimerism (DCC) of peripheral blood CD3+ cells at 4 week intervals starting at day 28 after transplantation. Donor bone marrow CD34+ chimerism was evaluated at day 84 after transplantation. Percent chimerism was measured by PCR based amplification of short tandem repeats (STR). From 2009-2012, percent DCC data were collected for patients with ALL (n=39), NHL (n=26), and AML (n=68). Median age at diagnosis was 45 (range 25-69), 51 (range 23-66), and 57 (range 38-75), respectively. Patients received either PBSC or bone marrow cells from related (n=81) or unrelated donors (n=52). At transplantation, patients with ALL were in CR1 (n=27), CR2 (n=4), CR3 (n=1), PIF (n=3), relapse (n=2), PR (n=5); patients with NHL were in PR (n=9), CRU1 (n=4), CRU2 (n=3), Cr1 (n=4), CR2 (n=3), CR3 (n=4); patients with AML were in CR1 (n=38), CR2 (n=6), relapse (n=8), PIF (n=13). Conditioning regimens for patients with ALL were cyclophosphamide (cy) and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) (n=27) or fludarabine (flu) and melphalan (mel) (n=11). Patients with NHL were conditioned with flu/cy and rituximab (n=15), or flu/mel (n=8). Patients with AML were conditioned with either a myeloablative regimen of flu/busulfan+TBI (n=51), or a reduced intensity regimens of flu/mel or flu/cy/TBI (n=16). Those who had NHL or AML and received unrelated donor cells were given rituximab. Post transplant immunosuppression was tacrolimus and methotrexate for most patients. Patients were censored for relapse or death. For analysis of DCC, patients who relapsed or did not relapse were divided into quartiles by diagnosis. The probability of relapse was tested for quartile groups using chi square analysis. Adjustments were not made for competing risks. Results ALL patients in the upper three quartiles of CD3+ DCCs (1 of 34 patients, median=100%, range=84-100%, [Table 1][1]) compared to patients in the bottom quartile were less likely to relapse (3 of 7 patients, median=94%, range=82-95%, p<0.002). Similarly, the upper 2 quartiles of NHL patients who had at least 95% day 28 CD3+ DCC were less likely to relapse (2 of 16 patients, median 95%, range 63-100%, p<0.007, [Table 1][1]). 7 of 48 patients with AML in the upper 3 quartiles who had day 28 CD3+ DCC of at least 90% (median=100%, range 60-100%) relapsed, trending lower compared to those in the lower quartile (p<0.06). CD3+ DCCs for day 56 and day 84 were not statistically significant for predicting future relapse. View this table: Table 1 CD3+ DCC at 28 days Day 84 CD34+ DCCs were also analyzed as described. The upper quartile of patients with ALL who did not relapse achieved a 100% DCC (1 of 23 patients relapsed, median 100%, range 82-100%, [Table 2][2]). Those that did not achieve 100% DCC for CD34+ cells by day 84 more likely to relapse (p<0.009). For patients with NHL, the upper 3 quartiles of those who did achieve 83% CD34+ DCC (1 of 7, median=90%, range 83-100%, p<0.008) by day 84 were less likely to relapse. The same method was used for patients with AML and those that did achieve 90% CD34+ DCC for cells by day 84 were not likely to relapse (5 of 35, median=96%, range=63-100%, p<0.09). View this table: Table 2 CD34+ DCC at 84 days Conclusions These findings suggest that failure to achieve early donor cell engraftment predicts for relapse. Relapse remains a major cause for treatment failure. Improvements in transplant conditioning may improve early lymphoid (CD3+) and myeloid (CD34+) engraftment and decrease the risk of disease relapse. Early monitoring of CD3+ DCC may identify patients who would benefit from post transplant intervention. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #T1 [2]: #T2

Stress Mediated Microglial Hyper-Activation and Psychiatric Diseases

Stress is a trigger for depression and PTSD, with current studies suggesting the involvement of microglial hyperactivation and dysfunction in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this review, we introduced microglial functional changes in animal models, which exhibit fear memory dysregulation that is characteristic of PTSD, and human microglia-focused clinical studies on depression and PTSD. Stress has been found to affect cytokine and neurotrophic factor releases from the microglia, promoting microglia-mediated synaptic phagocytosis. In particular, animal models of PTSD have indicated that abnormal microglial cytokine production engage in decontextualized fear memory, fear extinction deficit, and fear generalization, and impaired microglial phagocytosis may also participate in fear generalization and fear forgetting. It is not possible to evaluate higher mental dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders using model animals alone. PET studies with TSPO ligands, for one, suggest that inflammatory microglial changes are enhanced in depressed patients, whereas these changes are suppressed in PTSD patients. Thus, we conducted a reverse-translational research to explore the involvement of microglia in depression using human peripheral blood. We believe that interactive research in humans and animals is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders for the development of treatment options for such patients.