Type Of Sugar Research Articles

Labor Organizer Nannie Helen Burroughs and Her National Training School for Women and Girls

Labor Organizer Nannie Helen Burroughs and Her National Training School for Women and Girls

Water Dynamics in Starch Based Confectionery Products including Different Types of Sugar.

Starch-based confectionery products were prepared using different types of sugar. In addition to using different sugar, starch was replaced with soy protein isolate (SPI) in some of the products. 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation experiments were performed for the collection of products in a broad frequency range from 4 KHz to 30 MHz to get insight into the influence of different sugar types and SPI on the dynamics of water in composite gel systems. The relaxation data have been decomposed into relaxation contributions associated with two different pools of water molecules characterized by different mobility. The translation dynamics of water molecules has been quantitatively described in terms of a dedicated relaxation model. The influence of the sample composition (the type of sugar and/or the presence of SPI) on the water mobility was thoroughly discussed. The results indicate that the addition of soy protein does not affect water dynamics for samples including sucrose. In addition, as the complementary measurements, physical properties of the products, such as the moisture content, water activity and texture, were investigated in terms of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.

Effects of Various Carbohydrates on the in vitro Pollen Germination of Vinca rosea and Cucumis melo var. Utilissimus

Pollen germination is a crucial stage of plant development that significantly depends on the presence of carbohydrates as a primary energy source. In this study, we analysed the differential effects of four sugars (Glucose, Sucrose, Galactose, Fructose) with varying concentrations on the pollen germination of Vinca rosea Linn. and Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Duth and Fuller using Brewbaker and Kwack medium as germination medium and hanging drop method after incubation of an hour. Sucrose and glucose aided the pollen germination but galactose and fructose significantly inhibited the pollen germination of Vinca rosea. In Cucumis melo var. utilissimus, all four types of sugars supported pollen germination. The study suggests that 15% sucrose, for Vinca rosea, and 12% galactose, for Cucumis melo var. utilissimus, depict the highest pollen germination percentage when used in the pollen germination medium.

Sweet Beverages and Cancer: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Studies

Different sugars in SB may impact cancer differently. Compared with SB made with other types of sugar, drinks made with man-made fructose (carbonated drinks) had poorer cancer outcomes, especially in cancers impacted by obesity. Understanding how different SB affect cancer would help us target which SB to avoid.

Sugar as an Analogue for Snow in Penetration Testing: A Preliminary Comparison

Snow is a sintered matrix of ice, the strength of which is determined by the number and size of bonds between ice grains. However, because snow is a thermally unstable material, it is problematic to transport and store samples for accurate ex situ testing of mechanical behaviour. As an analogue for snow, we examined the sintering behaviour of different types of granular sugar at different humidities over different temporal periods and then assessed the extent of sintering and resistance to penetration of these samples. Like snow, increased sintering occurs in sugar over time. Sintering extent and rate are affected by the humidity environment and penetration resistance generally increases after increased sintering time. This preliminary examination suggests that in the absence of snow testing facilities, humidity-controlled sintered sugar may serve as a valuable proxy for examining the temporal variation of penetration resistance in snow.

Consumption of Supplemental Spring Protein Feeds by Western Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies: Effects on Colony Growth and Pollination Potential.

Adequate nutrition is required to support productive honey bee colonies, therefore beekeepers supplement colonies with additional protein at targeted time points. We tested the effects of commercially available protein feeds in spring, in advance of colonies being used for hybrid canola pollination. The feed treatments across the three-year study included the following patty types: Global 15% pollen, Global 0% pollen, Bee Pollen-Ate, FeedBee, and Healthy Bees, as well as an unsupplemented control in year two of the study only. The amount of feed consumed varied among colonies, treatments, date, and year. Similarly, there were also differences in feed efficiency (bees reared per gram of feed consumed), likely due to the relative availability of external forage sources to supplement the feed provided. Unsupplemented colonies were able to rear less brood, and subsequently had fewer adult bees than supplemented colonies, in an apiary where pollen was not abundant. Differences in consumption among treatments often failed to translate in to differences in amount of brood reared or subsequent adult population. All the protein feed treatments contained all ten amino acids essential to honey bees, however lysine and arginine were below the optimal proportion required for growth in all patties except the FeedBee patty. The amount of protein and amount and types of sugars and fats in the products also varied among product type and batch. The results of this study demonstrate a benefit to supplementary spring protein feeding to increase honey bee colony populations in advance of a summer pollination market.

Neurosecretory Protein GL Accelerates Liver Steatosis in Mice Fed Medium-Fat/Medium-Fructose Diet.

Sugar consumption can readily lead to obesity and metabolic diseases such as liver steatosis. We previously demonstrated that a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), promotes fat accumulation due to the ingestion of sugar by rats. However, differences in lipogenic efficiency of sugar types by NPGL remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the obesogenic effects of NPGL on mice fed different sugars (i.e., sucrose or fructose). We overexpressed the NPGL-precursor gene (Npgl) in the hypothalamus of mice fed a medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) or a medium-fat/medium-fructose diet (MFFD). Food intake and body mass were measured for 28 days. Body composition and mRNA expression of lipid metabolic factors were measured at the endpoint. Npgl overexpression potently increased body mass with fat accumulation in the white adipose tissue of mice fed MFFD, although it did not markedly affect food intake. In contrast, we observed profound fat deposition in the livers of mice fed MFFD but not MFSD. In the liver, the mRNA expression of glucose and lipid metabolic factors was affected in mice fed MFFD. Hence, NPGL induced liver steatosis in mice fed a fructose-rich diet.

Impact of different sugars and glycosyltransferases on the assertiveness of Latilactobacillus sakei in raw sausage fermentations

Latilactobacillus sakei comprises a biodiversity of strains, which display different assertiveness upon their application as starter cultures in raw sausage fermentation. While the assertiveness of winning partner strains has been referred to competitive exclusion based on genomic settings enabling occupation of multiple niches of the sausage habitat, single strain assertiveness of L. sakei remained unexplained. In this study we assessed the impact of the expression of a glycosyltransferase enabling the production of a glucan from sucrose to the assertiveness of L. sakei TMW 1.411, which expresses a plasmid-encoded glycosyltransferase (gtf). In a sausage fermentation model wild type L. sakei TMW 1.411 and its plasmid-cured mutant were employed in competition with each other and with other Latilactobacillus sakei strains. To differentiate any effects resulting from general sugar utilization from those of glucan formation, the experiments were carried out with glucose, fructose, and sucrose, respectively. It was shown that the type of sugar affects the individual strains behaviour, and that the wild type was more competitive than the mutant in the presence of any of these sugars. In direct competition between wild type and mutant, a clear competitive advantage could also be demonstrated for the strain possessing the plasmid with the glycosyltransferase. Since this competitive advantage was observed with all sugars, not just sucrose, and Gtf expression has been shown as independent of the employed sugar, it is suggested that possession of the gtf gene-carrying plasmid confers a competitive advantage. It appears that the Gtf contributes to competitive exclusion and the establishment of colonization resistance, to a larger extent by an adhesive functionality of the Gtf on the cellular surface than by the production of glucan. Hence, gtf genes can be used as a possible additional marker for the selection of assertive L. sakei starter strains in sausage fermentation.

Verifying the Use of Food Labeling Data for Compiling Branded Food Databases: A Case Study of Sugars in Beverages.

Branded food composition databases are an important tool for research, education, healthcare, and policy making, amongst others. Such databases are typically compiled using food labeling data without chemical analyses of specific products. This study aimed to verify whether the labeled sugar content in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) corresponds to the actual sugar content in these products, thus enabling food monitoring studies to be conducted. A secondary objective was to determine the specific types of sugars in these SSBs. A case study was conducted using market share-driven sampling of these beverages from the Slovenian food supply. On the basis of nationwide yearly sales data, 51 best-selling products were sampled in 2020 and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. This sales-driven approach to sampling has been shown to be very useful for conducting food monitoring studies. With the careful selection of a small proportion of available products, we finished with a manageable sample size, reflecting the composition of a majority (69%) of the national market share volume. The analyzed total sugar content was compared with labeled data, within the context of the European Union's regulatory labeling tolerances. In all samples, the sugar content was within the tolerance levels. The most common (N = 41) deviation was within ±10% of the labeled sugar content. In the subcategories, the differences between the analyzed and labeled median sugar contents were not statistically significant. Sucrose was most commonly (N = 36; 71%) used for sweetening, suggesting that the proportion of fructose in most SSBs was around 50%. A higher fructose content was only observed in beverages with fructose–glucose syrup or a higher content of fruit juice. The study results show that the labeled sugar content information in SSBs is reliable and can be used to compile branded food databases and monitor the nutritional quality of foods in the food supply.

Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars.

Following a request from five European Nordic countries, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was tasked to provide scientific advice on a tolerable upper intake level (UL) or a safe level of intake for dietary (total/added/free) sugars based on available data on chronic metabolic diseases, pregnancy‐related endpoints and dental caries. Specific sugar types (fructose) and sources of sugars were also addressed. The intake of dietary sugars is a well‐established hazard in relation to dental caries in humans. Based on a systematic review of the literature, prospective cohort studies do not support a positive relationship between the intake of dietary sugars, in isocaloric exchange with other macronutrients, and any of the chronic metabolic diseases or pregnancy‐related endpoints assessed. Based on randomised control trials on surrogate disease endpoints, there is evidence for a positive and causal relationship between the intake of added/free sugars and risk of some chronic metabolic diseases: The level of certainty is moderate for obesity and dyslipidaemia (> 50–75% probability), low for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes (> 15–50% probability) and very low for hypertension (0–15% probability). Health effects of added vs. free sugars could not be compared. A level of sugars intake at which the risk of dental caries/chronic metabolic diseases is not increased could not be identified over the range of observed intakes, and thus, a UL or a safe level of intake could not be set. Based on available data and related uncertainties, the intake of added and free sugars should be as low as possible in the context of a nutritionally adequate diet. Decreasing the intake of added and free sugars would decrease the intake of total sugars to a similar extent. This opinion can assist EU Member States in setting national goals/recommendations.

Selective transformation of typical sugars to lactic acid catalyzed by dealuminated ZSM-5 supported erbium

The tremendous demand of lactic acid (LaA) in widespread applications has impelled the development of chemical strategies for LaA production. We developed dealuminzated ZSM-5 loaded erbium catalyst, which exhibited outstanding activity. As high as >96% of LaA yield was obtained using triose as raw material over 15-Er/deAl-ZSM-5 (2) catalyst. When xylose-glucose mixture (C-molar ratio, 1:1) was employed, the simultaneous conversion of xylose and glucose selectively to LaA with ∼69.1 C-mol% yield could be achieved. The characterization of catalyst revealed that the pretreatment by HNO3 successfully removed partial Al in the extra-framework of ZSM-5, leading to enlarged surface areas and promoted dispersion of Er species, as well as strengthened weak interaction between Er species and support. Er loading might replace the H of OH group in bridging (Si–O(H)–Al) and Si–OH/Al–OH, which significantly strengthened the Lewis acidity of catalyst but decreased the Brønsted acidity. Consequently, LaA formation was remarkably promoted, while levulinic acid generation was inhibited. The catalyst also showed good catalytic activity for the conversion of other water-soluble polysaccharides. This work might provide a potential approach for the simultaneous conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in actual biomass to produce LaA in an effective, low-cost and environment-friendly chemical way.

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIFITAS PADA UNIT PRODUKSI GULA SAGU UP2K SUNGAI TOHOR MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNIK PENGERINGAN DENGAN CABINATE DRYER SAGO SUGAR

Sungai Tohor Village is located in East Tebing Tinggi District, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province which has great potential in the field of processing sago plants. In Sungai Tohor Village, there is a Family Income Improvement Business unit (UP2K) which has produced and marketed processed sago palm products in the form of sago sugar. Sago sugar has more advantages compared to other types of sugar besides its relatively cheap price, this sugar also has a low glycemic level making it suitable for people with diabetes. However, high market demand with low production capacity makes it difficult for sago sugar to meet the target. These problems arise because the production time of sago sugar is quite long around 4-5 days, this is due to the traditional drying of sugar because there is no technology that can be used in drying sago sugar effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this activity is to transfer knowledge and assistance in the process of drying the product. The method used is training and practice by the PKM-PI team at the University of Riau regarding the use of drying technology with the Cabinet Dryer Sago Sugar (CADESAR) drying device. Drying technology using CADESAR can improve the quantity and quality of sago sugar products. This technology can reduce production time by using a pressurized hot steam drying system, as one of the drying methods in the modern sugar industry, so that it can increase the amount of production and be more hygienic. The results of the training show that UP2K members can understand and practice knowledge of drying technology well. It is hoped that this will increase the productivity of their sago sugar business.

Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic Serendipitaceae and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars.

Endophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesized that typical plant sugars can be used as carbon source by root endophytes and that these sugars also serve as signals to induce the expression and secretion of glycolytic enzymes. The plant-growth-promoting endophytes Serendipita indica and Serendipita herbamans were selected to first determine which sugars promote their growth and biomass formation. Secondly, particular sugars were added to liquid cultures of the fungi to induce intracellular and extracellular enzymatic activities which were measured in mycelia and culture supernatants. The results showed that both fungi cannot feed on melibiose and lactose, but instead use glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate sources. These sugars regulated the cytoplasmic activity of glycolytic enzymes and also their secretion. The levels of induction or repression depended on the type of sugars added to the cultures and differed between the two fungi. Since no conventional signal peptide could be detected in most of the genome sequences encoding the glycolytic enzymes, a non-conventional protein secretory pathway is assumed. The results of the study suggest that root endophytic fungi translocate glycolytic activities into the root, and this process is regulated by the availability of particular plant sugars.

Study on the effect of different types of sugar on lipid deposition in goose fatty liver

Early research in our lab indicated that the effect of glucose, fructose and sucrose on the levels of triacylglycerol, and inflammatory factor was significantly different, and it is speculated that the regulatory mechanism of lipid deposition by different type of sugar in the liver is different. In order to explore lipid deposition difference mediated by different types of sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in goose fatty liver formation, this experiment was performed from cell culture, overfeeding experiment, and transcriptome analysis at 3 levels. Cell culture experiment results indicated that the levels of intracellular triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lipid content of fructose and sucrose treatment were significantly higher than those of glucose treatment (P < 0.05). In slaughter performance, the liver weight, the ratio of liver weight to body weight, feed conversion ratio (liver weight/feed consumption) were better in sucrose overfeeding group (P < 0.05). In addition, the liver of the sucrose overfeeding group contained a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, especially (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis shown that the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway is highly enriched in the fructose and sucrose overfeeding groups; cell cycle, and DNA replication pathways were highly enriched in the glucose overfeeding group. In conclusion, due to the decrease of lipids outward transportation and the anti-inflammation of unsaturated fatty acids, fructose, and sucrose have better ability to induce steatosis in goose fatty liver formation.

Genomic insights into versatile lifestyle of three new bacterial candidate phyla.

Metagenomic explorations of the Earth's biosphere enable the discovery of previously unknown bacterial lineages of phylogenetic and ecological significance. Here, we retrieved 11 metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated to three new monophyletic bacterial lineages from the seawater of the Yap Trench. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that each lineage is a new bacterial candidate phylum, subsequently named Candidatus Qinglongiota, Candidatus Heilongiota, and Candidatus Canglongiota. Metabolic reconstruction of genomes from the three phyla suggested that they adopt a versatile lifestyle, with the potential to utilize various types of sugars, proteins, and/or short-chain fatty acids through anaerobic pathways. This was further confirmed by a global distribution map of the three phyla, indicating a preference for oxygen-limited or particle-attached niches, such as anoxic sedimentary environments. Of note, Candidatus Canglongiota genomes harbor genes for the complete Wood- Ljungdahl pathway and sulfate reduction that are similar to those identified in some sulfate-reducing bacteria. Evolutionary analysis indicated that gene gain and loss events, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) play important roles in shaping the genomic and metabolic features of the three new phyla. This study presents the genomic insight into the ecology, metabolism, and evolution of three new phyla, which broadens the phylum-level diversity within the domain Bacteria.

Caregivers’ Understanding of Ingredients in Drinks Served to Young Children: Opportunities for Nutrition Education and Improved Labeling

BackgroundAgainst expert recommendations, sugar-sweetened beverages, especially fruit drinks, are consumed by young children. Misperceptions about drink ingredients and healthfulness can contribute to caregivers’ provision. ObjectivesTo assess caregivers’ reasons for serving sweetened fruit-flavored drinks and unsweetened juices to their young children (1–5 y) and perceptions of product healthfulness and drink ingredients. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey assessed participants’ (n = 1614) perceptions of sweetened fruit-flavored drinks (fruit drinks and flavored water) and unsweetened juices (100% juice and water/juice blends) provided to their child in the past month, including product healthfulness, reasons for providing, and knowledge of product ingredients [added sugar, nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs), percentage juice]. One-factor ANOVA compared perceived healthfulness of drink categories and types of sugar and NNSs, and differences between participants who could compared with those who could not accurately identify drink ingredients. ResultsParticipants’ top reasons for providing sweetened drinks included child liking it, being inexpensive, child asking for it, and being a special treat. Participants perceived 100% juice as healthiest, followed by juice/water blends, flavored waters, and, lastly, fruit drinks (P < 0.05). Many participants inaccurately believed the fruit drink or flavored water they served their child most often did not contain NNSs (59.0% and 64.9%) and/or added sugars (20.1% and 42.2%), when in fact they did, and 81.3–91.1% overestimated the percentage juice in the drink. Perceived healthfulness of fruit drinks was associated with caregivers’ belief that the drink contained added sugar (P < 0.05), but not with their belief that it contained NNS; increased accuracy was associated with decreased perceived healthfulness (P < 0.05). ConclusionsInaccurate understanding of added sugar, NNSs, and percentage juice in drinks served to young children was common and could contribute to sugary drink provision. Public health efforts should seek to improve labeling practices and revise nutrition education messages.

Effects of different ingredients on antioxidant and oxidant status of brewed roasted coffee

It was aimed to evaluate the effects of different ingredi-ents on total antioxidant sta-tus (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) of the brewed Brazil mild roasted coffee. Sugar, sucralose, butter, co-conut-oil, animal and plant-based milk types were add-ed and milk types&amp;sweeteners were combined separately. TAS and TOS were measured and oxidative stress indice (OSI) was calculated. TAS value of coffee with whole milk was the highest among all coffee types. TOS values of coffee with soy milk, with soy milk+sugar and soy milk+sucralose were lower than all other coffee types. When compared to OSI val-ues, coffee with soy milk, with soy milk+sugar and soy milk+sucralose had the lowest OSI values among all coffee types. Moreover, ad-dition of coconut-oil to cof-fee samples increased the TOS and OSI values of cof-fees. While the TOS and OSI of the sugar and su-cralose addition were found higher in comparison to plain coffee; TOS and OSI of the sucralose addition was lower than those sugar combinations. In conclu-sion, the OSI of the coffee may change depending on the alterations of chemical structures and nutritional matrices by the added in-gredients. The addition of soy milk or sucralose in-stead of sugar or whole cow milk instead of oil-based ingredients could be a promising strategy of reduc-ing the oxidative capacity.

Describing Polymers Synthesized from Reducing Sugars and Ammonia Employing FTIR Spectroscopy

Melanoidins can be diagnosed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. UV/Vis is an effective tool for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical components in melanoidin polymers. The structural and vibrational features of melanoidin synthesized from D-glucose and D-fructose are identical, according to FTIR spectra, with the only difference being the intensity of bands. Using FTIR spectra, the skeleton of melanoidin is divided into seven major regions. The existence of the C=C, C=N, and C=O groups in all melanoidins formed from fructose and glucose with ammonia is confirmed by the areas ranging from 1600 to 1690 cm-1, and the band is largely evident as a broad shoulder. Both melanoidins have a carboxyl or carbonyl extending around 1700 cm-1. In all melanoidins, the NH+ group has vanished in the 3080 cm-1 range. However, the color intensity depends on the type of sugar employed in melanoidin synthesis. Furthermore, in comparison to Glc-ammonia, which has a higher proportion of sp3 hybridized carbon, Fru-ammonia has a higher proportion of sp2 hybridized carbon based on UV/Vis, FTIR and second-derivative spectra. Moreover, the data were simulated using principal component analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to interpret the data.

Evaluation of the Effect of Some Food Sources on Life Indicators of the Parasitoid Psytalia concolor

Zrayki, M., A.N. Bashir and Gh. Ibrahim. 2022. Evaluation of the Effect of Some Food Sources on Life Indicators of the Parasitoid Psytalia concolor. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 307-314. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.307314 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of some food sources on some of the biological indicators of the parasitoid Psytalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In the sugar diet, the following sugar sources were used: sucrose and yeast, glucose, fructose, sucrose, honey solution, and the honeydew obtained from the black scale olive insect Saissetia oleae and Euphyllura olivina, and water as control. In the protein diet, the amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine and proline were used, with a mixture of them and distilled water as control. The results obtained showed differences in the effect of sugar type on the life span of both males and females, and the females' life span were longer than the males' life span in all tested groups, suggesting that the female's food requirements were higher than that of the males to provide energy for maturation and laying eggs. Results obtained also showed that P. concolor females fed on sucrose had lower average life span compared to other tested sugars and solid food. The protein feeding of the P. concolor parasitoid is very important because the females depend on the protein nutrition of the flowers to complete their sexual maturity. Nutrients such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins are also important for the activity and effectiveness of the insect parasitoids . Keywords: Psytalia concolor, glucose, honeydew, amino acids, Proline

جدید سائنس اور تعلیماتِ اسلامی کی روشنی میں کھجور کی تغذیاتی و طبی افادیت: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ Nutritional and medicinal values of Date Fruit in the light of Modern Science and Islamic teachings: An Analytical Study

Nutritional and medicinal aspects of plants, herbs, and trees have been described in various sayings of the last prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW). Holy Prophet (SAW) has advised using dates again and again in His sayings because date fruit provides the body instant energy. There are several varieties of dates grown in the tropical regions of the world. As the Date Palm has economic value so it has been taken for research because of its nutritional popularity and medicinal quality in Islam. Date fruit contains carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and a significant amount of fiber. Most of the calories in dates get from carbohydrates. Fiber can improve the digestive system by preventing constipation. Dates are a source of fructose, which is a natural type of sugar found in dates and does not harm patients with diabetes. Fructose makes a great healthy substitute for white sugar in recipes due to its nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. Date fruit is comprised of several minerals including phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. There are many different ways to use date fruit. This research paper indicates and analyzes the ingredients of date fruit from an Islamic perspective. The research work presented in this article highlights the nutritional and medicinal values of date fruit in light of Islamic teachings.