Sugar Curve Research Articles

Sexual disorders among temporal lobe epilepsy patients preand post-surgery

Objective: to investigate sexual disorders (SDs) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) both before and after undergoing various temporal lobe operative procedures.Material and methods. A retrospective andrological and sexologic study was conducted, utilizing catamnesis data. Multiple examination methods were employed, including semen and prostatic fluid analysis, Decourt–Dumic sperm morphotype analysis, vegetative tests, Shcherbak thermoregulation reflex examination, ultraviolet erythema test, sugar curve analysis, and electroencephalography. The study assessed the results of surgical treatment and long-term catamnesis for 120 TLE patients who had undergone various temporal lobe operative procedures (TLPs), with ages at the time of surgery ranging from 4.5 to 47 years. Among them, 82 patients (41 males and 41 females) in the main group reported complaints of SDs, representing 100% for all calculations.Results. Hypersexuality and sexual perversions were most prevalent among patients with severe mental disorders. Following TLPs, patients with mild mental disorders and cessation of epileptic seizures (EPs) experienced regression in 83.6% of SD cases. Conversely, among patients with severe mental disorders, SDs regressed in 45% of cases after TLPs. Encouraging outcomes were observed in patients with hypersexuality, which was ameliorated after the cessation of EPs, with a catamnesis period ranging from 17 to 24 years.Conclusion. This study, conducted in real-world clinical settings, supports the recommendation of surgical treatment for TLE patients with mild mental disorders. In the majority of cases, the cessation or reduction of EPs following TLPs leads to improvements in TLE manifestations, including the patient's mental state, SDs, and social adaptation.

Acid-Resistant Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks as Carriers for Targeted Hypoglycemic Peptide Delivery: Peptide Encapsulation, Release, and Bioactivity.

Oral administration of bioactive peptides with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus. The wheat germ peptide Leu-Asp-Leu-Gln-Arg (LDLQR) has been previously proven to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase efficiently. However, it is still difficult to transport the peptide to the intestine completely due to the harsh condition of the stomach. Herein, an acid-resistant zirconium-based metal-organic framework, NU-1000, was used to immobilize LDLQR with a high encapsulation capacity (92.72%) and encapsulation efficiency (44.08%) in only 10 min. The in vitro release results showed that the acid-stable NU-1000 not only effectively protected LDLQR from degradation in the presence of stomach acid and pepsin effectively but also ensured the release of encapsulated LDLQR under simulated intestinal conditions. Furthermore, LDLQR@NU-1000 could slow down the elevated blood sugar caused by maltose in mice and the area under blood sugar curve decreased by almost 20% when compared with the control group. The inflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6) in vivo and cell growth in vitro were almost the same between NU-1000 treatment and normal control groups. This study indicates NU-1000 is a promising vehicle for targeted peptide-based bioactive delivery to the small intestine.

Fourier spectroscopy in blood plasma study with type two diabetes

Subject of Research. The paper presents the study of possibilities of a spectral technique for evaluating changes in the optical properties of carbohydrates and plasma proteins in humans with the initial stage of type two diabetes. The optical characteristics are compared with those obtained by the conventional method of sugar curves using sucrose, honey and milk protein as a provoking load at various stages of treatment with antidiabetic drugs. Method. The study was carried out by infrared spectroscopy of disturbed total internal reflection in the range of 4000–500 cm–1. Testing for glucose tolerance at all stages of treatment was performed by the biochemical glucose oxidase method. Main Results. The use of provocateur products of various nature and an extended glucose tolerance test makes it possible to identify the spectrum bands associated with the presence of glucose (1104 cm–1) and fructose (1115 cm–1), differentiating on the left branch of the complex carbohydrate band (1075 cm–1) of the infrared spectrum of native plasma. It is shown that the change in the intensity of the Amide-I and Amide-II bands of fractionated plasma proteins is associated with the main glucose transporter — globulin fraction proteins. Practical Relevance. The revealed features of changes in blood plasma spectra in the course of the conducted studies give reason to believe that the non-destructive method of Fourier spectroscopy does not require a large volume of the studied material and its preliminary sample preparation. The method is promising as an express tool and can be used to obtain additional information when studying the influence of various provoking factors on the nature of changes in the optical characteristics of protein-lipid-carbohydrate complexes and globular proteins of blood plasma, as well as for preliminary diagnosis and the treatment supervision of type two diabetes mellitus.

Разработка технологии производства кондитерских изделий функционального назначения

The development of new functional foods that contribute to the preservation and improvement of human health is one of the priorities in the food industry. In this regard, the production and sales of sugar confectionery products with low energy value and various enriching additives are gradually increasing, including those meant for diabetic therapeutic and dietary preventive nutrition. At the same time, the share of these products remains insignificant. The research prospective was to develop a technology for the production of marshmallow, which reduces the risk of obesity and type II diabetes. The study featured three samples of marshmallow: with granulated sugar, fructose, and inulin. The research determined the functional properties of the finished product. Three female volunteers (21, 32, and 45 years old) participated in the experiment. It was established that the replacement of granulated sugar with a natural sweetener, namely fructose and a mixture of fructose and inulin, led to a decrease in the body’s hyperglycemic response half an hour after consuming the analyzed sample, and resulted in a smooth sugar curve. Thus, natural additives and biologically active substances make sugar confectionery products functional, which is a priority for the development of the confectionery industry.

Secondary Metabolites of Antarctic Fungi Antagonistic to Aquatic Pathogenic Bacteria.

Polar microbial derived antibiotics have potential as alternatives to traditional antibiotics in treating fish against pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, 23 strains of polar fungi were fermented to detect bacteriostatic products on three aquatic pathogenic bacteria, subsequently the active fungus was identified. It was indicated that secondary metabolites of 23 strains weredistinct; of these, the extract of strain B-7 (belonging to Bjerkandera according to molecular identification) demonstrated a strong antibacterial activity to Streptococcus agalactiae, Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC7966 by Kirby-Bauerpaper strip method. During one fermentation cycle, the pH curve of the fermentation liquor became lowest (4.0) on the 4th day and rose back to 7.6 finally after 5 days, The residual sugar curve was decreased before stablising on the 6th day. It is presumed that a large amount of alkaline secondary metabolites might have been produced during fermentation. This study focuses on antagonism between aquatic pathogenic bacteria and fermentation metabolites from Antarctic fungi for the first time, which may provide data on research of antibiotics against aquatic pathogenic bacteria.

Diabetes or Prediabetes in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Nonaffective Psychosis? A Historical and Contemporary View

Conflicting evidence on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with schizophrenia prior to antipsychotic treatment has been published in recent years. In the meta-analysis presented in the current issue, Mitchell and colleagues1 have compiled all available data about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in first episode psychosis with or without antipsychotic medication, concluding that T2DM prevalence was similar between drug-naive patients and the general population. However, glucose intolerance exists on a continuum, and abnormal glucose tolerance less severe than diabetes may only be identifiable after a glucose challenge. These less severe degrees of glucose intolerance were reported in almost all the studies of glucose tolerance that antedated modern antipsychotics. The work of Lorenz2 can be used as an example, but more than ten other manuscripts were published before 1954. Pooled together, these old reports showed abnormalities in the post-glucose challenge blood sugar curve in 16%–66% of cases, while basal metabolic rates were mostly normal. These studies were largely ignored during the new wave of studies of diabetes in schizophrenia. Not surprisingly, recent studies have had similar results. Abnormalities in glucose tolerance were only seen after a challenge (such as oral glucose tolerance test or oGTT) in almost all such recent studies.3–5 To our knowledge, only one study has failed to find a statistically significant difference,6 probably due to a small number of schizophrenia patients. Baseline fasting glucose, the same measure used in this meta-analysis, did not differ between the two groups. It was also seen in our study,7 which had the largest sample so far of unmedicated first episode psychosis patients undergoing oGTT. Results mimic the pre-neuroleptic era studies, with approximately 20% of patients exhibiting abnormal glucose tolerance prior to antipsychotic treatment, above what is expected in the general population. We and others have proposed that schizophrenia is associated with accelerated aging.8 The replicated abnormality in the oGTT, found in patients groups that are typically in their late twenties, provides support for this concept. This evidence does not contradict the strong evidence that health habits, access to care, and antipsychotic drugs increase the risk of T2DM in people with schizophrenia and related disorders. Moreover, most published studies have not considered all of the important confounding variables.9 The impact of diabetes on the lives of people with schizophrenia makes this area an important topic for future research.

The effects of calcitonin, somatostatin and hypercalcaemia on metabolic and hormonal indicators during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

The authors compared the effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin and synthetic somatostatin (SRIF) and hypercalcaemia on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy subjects in relation to changes of insulin (IRI), somatotrophin (HGH) and cortisol levels. Calcitonin--100 U--in an intravenous infusion in the course of OGTT markedly altered the pattern of the blood sugar curve and of IRI levels. After the initial retardation of the rise of the blood sugar and IRI levels during the 15th and 30th min, the values of both variables increased parallel during the 120th and 180th min, as compared with the control examination after saline. SRIF--500 micrograms--administered in an intravenous infusion altered the pattern of the blood sugar and IRI curves in a similar way as calcitonin, however during the 120th and 180th minute when the blood sugar levels rose significantly the IRI levels did not rise. The curve of HGH levels on infusion with calcitonin displayed a typical three-phase course, as during the control OGTT. During infusion of SRIF the HGH levels were insignificantly but constantly reduced during the first 60 mins. of the OGTT and thus the typical three-phase shape of the curve was impaired. Calcitonin significantly raised the cortisol levels throughout the OGTT, while SRIF caused their slight decline during the 120th min. Hypercalcaemia induced by infusion of 13.3 mg Ca/kg body weight did not alter significantly the blood levels of glucose, IRI and HGH, but caused a significant rise of the cortisol level throughout the OGTT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Contribution to investigation into the low blood sugar curves.

Acta PaediatricaVolume 9, Issue 3-4 p. 405-410 Contribution to investigation into the low blood sugar curves. INGER JENSEN, INGER JENSEN REFSNÆS SANATORY, DENMARKSearch for more papers by this author INGER JENSEN, INGER JENSEN REFSNÆS SANATORY, DENMARKSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1930 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17314.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume9, Issue3-4March 1930Pages 405-410 RelatedInformation

Effect of Tetrapeptide on Insulin Biosynthesis in Rats with Alloxan-Induced Diabetes

Analysis of amino acid sequences of insulinotropic polypeptides revealed a common short fragment consisting of four amino acid residues. We synthesized KEDWa tetrapeptide, analog of this fragment protected from the effects of gastrointestinal proteinases. This tetrapeptide partially restored insulin synthesis in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. The slope of the sugar curve in this case was similar to that in normal animals. Presumably, this tetrapeptide activates the preproinsulin gene promotor site via complementary interactions with the ggcagg and cctgcc nucleotide sequences of the leading strand of double-stranded DNA.

Effect of environment on HL parameter

The method of possible estimation of HL parameter according to the standard test data of tolerance to glucose or sugar curves as well as possible effect of environment is described.

Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and enzymatic characterization of an alpha-amylase from the ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c

A Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens amylase gene was cloned and expressed by using its own promoter on the recombinant plasmid pBAMY100 in Escherichia coli. The amylase gene consisted of an open reading frame of 2,931 bp encoding a protein of 976 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 106,964. In E. coli(pBAMY100), more than 86% of the active amylase was located in the periplasm, and TnphoA fusion experiments showed that the enzyme had a functional signal peptide. The B. fibrisolvens amylase is a calcium metalloenzyme, and three conserved putative calcium-binding residues were identified. The amylase showed high sequence homology with other alpha-amylases in the three highly conserved regions which constitute the active centers. These and other conserved regions were located in the N-terminal half, and no similarity with any other amylase was detected in the remainder of the protein. Deletion of approximately 40% of the C-terminal portion of the amylase did not result in loss of amylolytic activity. The B. fibrisolvens amylase was identified as an endo-alpha-amylase by hydrolysis of the Phadebas amylase substrate, hydrolysis of gamma-cyclodextrin to maltotriose, maltose, and glucose and the characteristic shape of the blue value and reducing sugar curves. Maltotriose was the major initial hydrolysis product from starch, although extended incubation resulted in its hydrolysis to maltose and glucose.

Untersuchungen zum Wirkungsmechanismus des Alloxans auf B-Inselzellen des Pankreas unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Alloxan-Metall-Komplex-Theorie I. Wirkungen von Alloxan, Alloxan-Zink-Chelaten, Dialursäure und Colchicin auf Blutzucker und Mitoserate von B-Zellen Langerhansscher Inseln

Alloxan, alloxan-zinc-chelate, sodium salt of dialuric acid, and colchicine significantly raised the blood sugar level under the previously mentioned experimental conditions 28 h after the application. The typical three-phase blood sugar curve development after alloxan (initial hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, permanent hyperglycemia) was only approximately reached by dialuric acid which initiated, however, instead of the initial hyperglycemia a more pronounced hypoglycemic phase within the first 6 h. Alloxan-zinc-chelate protractedly and significantly made the blood sugar's increase up to the 7th d post injectionem, without being able to maintain a permanent hyperglycemia with half-normal dosage in comparison with alloxan. Non-diabetogenic alloxan doses (19 mg/kg i. v.) and the appropriate alloxan-zinc-chelate dosage (35 mg/kg) led to a significant increase of the blood sugar only in the chelate group with the long-term test up to 10 d, suggesting an increased and prolonged effect of the metal-chelates by stabilization of alloxan. The tested substances differently acted on the mitotic frequency of B-cells. The mitosis did not increase in the alloxan-zinc- and dialuric acid treated animals and was similar to normal animals far below the fractions of 1/10(6). A 4- and 5-fold increase of the mitotic frequency in the colchicine or alloxan treated animals as well as an accumulation of delayed metaphases suggest an impeded transition to the anaphase and include alloxan among the mitotic poisons.

Visualization of the segregation structure of cytoplasm by computerized microscopy

Morphological and functional changes of the pancreas during experimental restoration of the damaged wall of the cervical part of the esophagus at various periods after the operation were studied. The diabetes-like nature of the sugar curve in this case was due to degenerative changes in beta-cells of the island apparatus and decline in their number, which led to the reduction in endogenous insulin content and the violation of insulin secretion.

Sucrose malabsorption in children: a report of thirty-one Greenlanders.

Thirty-one children with sucrose malabsorption are reported. All had a flat blood sugar curve after sucrose ingestion but a normal one after monosaccharides. Seventy-five percent were malnourished and 11 were dehydrated at admission to hospital. Seven had to have intravenous rehydration. After institution of a sucrose-free diet, the symptoms disappeared and the patients gained weight. Eighteen had had symptoms for greater than 1 year, 13 for greater than 2 years, and 7 for greater than 5 years before their cause was discovered. Familial occurrence of sucrose malabsorption was shown in three to five cases. Four children were reinvestigated 7-15 years after diagnosis. All had chronic dyspepsia, and none kept a strictly sucrose-free diet. Three of the four patients were underweight for their age by from 5 to 16 kg, whereas the fourth was as underweight as compared to height. It is concluded that the high incidence of sucrose malabsorption found in Greenland together with the high sucrose consumption might be of nutritional hygienic significance for the population.

Sucrose Malabsorption in Children

Thirty‐one children with sucrose malabsorption are reported. All had a flat blood sugar curve after sucrose ingestion but a normal one after monosaccharides. Seventy‐five percent were malnourished and 11 were dehydrated at admission to hospital. Seven had to have intraveneous rehydration. After institution of a sucrose‐free diet, the symptoms disappeared and the patients gained weight. Eighteen had had symptoms for >1 year, 13 for >2 years, and 7 for >5 years before their cause was discovered. Familial occurrence of sucrose malabsorption was shown in three to five cases. Four children were reinvestigated 7–15 years after diagnosis. All had chronic dyspepsia, and none kept a strictly sucrose‐free diet. Three of the four patients were underweight for their age by from 5 to 16 kg, whereas the fourth was as underweight as compared to height. It is concluded that the high incidence of sucrose malabsorption found in Greenland together with the high sucrose consumption might be of nutritional hygienic significance for the population.

Effect of middle-term gliclazide treatment on insulin secretion in non-insulin dependent diabetics.

Insulin secretion was studied in 12 non-insulin dependent diabetics during middle-term administration of the sulphonylurea gliclazide. Blood sugar, C-peptide and glucagon were also estimated during the intravenous glucose tolerance and arginine tests performed before and after therapy. After 3 months of gliclazide therapy (240 mg/day) in addition to a low carbohydrate diet, the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels and in the partial and total areas under the blood sugar curve, as well as an improvement in early insulin secretion, characterized by a significant increase in plasma C-peptide at 4, 10 and 20 minutes. Plasma glucagon levels were not affected by the sulphonylurea therapy. In the arginine test, blood sugar levels were lower at the end of the treatment period; plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon did not change significantly. In this study, plasma C-peptide has proved to be a better indicator of stimulated insulin secretion than plasma insulin levels. The scarcity of hypoglycaemic episodes during therapy with gliclazide may be related to the selective stimulation of early insulin secretion by this drug.

The effect of oral synthetic protease inhibitor (FOY 305) on endocrine pancreas and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The effect of long-term oral synthetic protease inhibitor (FOY 305) administration on fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and glucagon levels, pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, hepatic enzyme activities, and plasma lipids in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was studied. Normal rats treated with oral FOY 305 for 9 weeks were found to have pancreatic hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain as compared with the untreated normal controls. FBS, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and glucagon levels, pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, and plasma lipids were uninfluenced in FOY 305 treated normal rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with oral FOY 305 were found to have decreased FBS for 5 weeks after the beginning of FOY 305 administration as compared with the untreated diabetic controls, whereas at the 7th and 9th week after treatment there was no difference in FBS between FOY 305 treated and untreated diabetic rats. In the metabolic balance observed at the 4th week after treatment, a slight improvement of the diabetic state was found in FOY 305 treated diabetic rats. There was no apparent difference in the blood sugar curve and insulin response following oral glucose load between diabetic rats treated for 7 weeks and untreated diabetic rats. All the rats were sacrificed after 9 weeks of treatment. Diabetic rats treated with oral FOY 305 for 9 weeks showed pancreatic hypertrophy and decreased plasma glucagon level and decreased pancreatic glucagon content as compared with the untreated diabetic controls, whereas there was no difference in body weight, plasma insulin level and pancreatic insulin content between FOY 305 treated and untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, oral FOY 305 treatment improved hyperlipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats and also significantly improved the hepatic pyruvate kinase and phosphoenlpyruvate carboxykinase activities of diabetic rats. These improvements might partly be due to a decreased pancreatic content and secretion of glucagon and/or a direct action of the synthetic PI, FOY 305 to tissues.

An endocrine study of six patients with cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome)

The auxological and clinical basis for the diagnosis will be shown. Basal prolactin levels were measured and a prolonged glucose tolerance test, an L-dopa test, a TRH test and an LH-RH test performed. Abnormalities were found in five of the six patients. These included high basal prolactin levels, a pre-diabetic blood sugar curve, inadequate suppression of growth hormone or a paradoxical rise in growth hormone in response to glucose, an excessive or continuing rise of TSH following TRH, an excessive response of prolactin to TRH, and, in one child, a pubertal response of LH and FSH to LH-RH. The endocrine abnormalities demonstrated, although not consistent, suggest possible hypothalamic dysfunction in cerebral gigantism, in which a variable aetiology is likely.

Sugar interaction with the antiluminal surface of the proximal tubule in dog kidney.

The pulse-injection multiple-indicator-dilution technique in vivo has been used to investigate bidirectional sugar interaction with the antiluminal surface of the nephron in dog kidney. Simultaneous renal vein and urine outflow curves were obtained for radiolabeled sugars known to interact with the antiluminal surface. The following sugars were tested relative to T-1824 albumin (plasma reference) and creatinine (extracellular reference) under conditions of high-dose phlorizin preloading (75-225 mg/kg): D-glucose, D-xylose, D-fucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, myoinositol, and D-fructose. The results indicate that as the plasma concentration of phlorizin increases there is, first, a partial inhibition of sugar interaction at the antiluminal membrane so that only unidirectional uptake of sugar from blood to tubular cell is observed, followed by complete inhibition of sugar interaction at the peritubular face of the antiluminal membrane, resulting in superposition of sugar and creatinine curves in the renal vein effluent. Two possible interpretations exist. i) Phlorizin exerts its inhibitory action successively at the cytoplasmic and then at the peritubular face of the antiluminal membrane. Moreover, since all of the sugar substrates are inhibited by phlorizin, the data suggest that the sugar-membrane interaction takes place at a common site at the level of the proximal tubule. ii) Alternatively, the action of phlorizin could result from a metabolic inhibitory effect affecting multiple sugar transport systems at the antiluminal membrane.

Intolerance of Eight Ounces of Milk in Healthy Lactose-Intolerant Teen-Agers

The ability of lactose-intolerant individuals to tolerate 8 ounces of milk was determined in healthy teen-agers. Thirty-two blacks were studied with 50-gm lactose tolerance tests. Nineteen (59%) had a flat blood sugar curve and 13 (39%) also developed bloating, cramps, loose stools, or diarrhea with the test. These latter 13 were defined as lactose-intolerant. Seven of the 13 lactose-intolerant teen-agers (54%) developed abdominal bloating and/or cramps after drinking 8 ounces of milk (half-pint). None had diarrhea. Eight were symptomatic with the equivalent amount of lactose (12 gm) while only one had symptoms with the monosaccharide components of lactose, glucose and galactose. The symptoms with milk and 12 gm of lactose were less severe than with the 50-gm tolerance test. A history of a prior awareness of milk intolerance was obtained from 11 of the 13 lactose-intolerant subjects. At least one half of lactose intolerant teen-agers might be expected to be symptomatic after drinking 8 ounces of milk without other food. Milk intolerance should be considered in the nutritional planning for teen-agers with special attention to members of population groups with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance.