Sugarcane Rind Research Articles

A high-throughput phenotyping method for sugarcane rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force characterization by near-infrared spectroscopy

BackgroundSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the core crop for sugar and bioethanol production over the world. A major problem in sugarcane production is stalk lodging due to weak mechanical strength. Rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and breaking force are two kinds of regular parameters for mechanical strength characterization. However, due to the lack of efficient methods for determining RPR and breaking force in sugarcane, genetic approaches for improving these traits are generally limited. This study was designed to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration assay to accurately assess mechanical strength on a high-throughput basis for the first time.ResultsBased on well-established laboratory measurements of sugarcane stalk internodes collected in the years 2019 and 2020, considerable variations in RPR and breaking force were observed in the stalk internodes. Following a standard NIRS calibration process, two online models were obtained with a high coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) values during calibration, internal cross-validation, and external validation. Remarkably, the equation for RPR exhibited R2 and RPD values as high as 0.997 and 17.70, as well as showing relatively low root mean square error values at 0.44 N mm−2 during global modeling, demonstrating excellent predictive performance.ConclusionsThis study delivered a successful attempt for rapid and precise prediction of rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force in sugarcane stalk by NIRS assay. These established models can be used to improve phenotyping jobs for sugarcane germplasm on a large scale.

A high-throughput lipidomics and transcriptomic approach reveals novel compounds from sugarcane linked with promising therapeutic potential against COVID-19.

Sugarcane (Saccharum ssp., Poaceae) provides enormous metabolites such as sugars, lipid, and other dietary metabolites to humans. Among them, lipids are important metabolites that perform various functions and have promising pharmacological value. However, in sugarcane, few studies are focusing on lipidomics and few lipid compounds were reported, and their pharmacological values are not explored yet. The transcriptomic and widely targeted lipidomics approach quantified 134 lipid compounds from the rind of six sugarcane genotypes. These lipid compounds include 57 fatty acids, 30 lysophosphatidylcholines, 23 glycerol esters, 21 lysophosphatidylethanolamines, 2 phosphatidylcholines, and 1 sphingolipid. Among them, 119 compounds were first time reported in sugarcane rind. Seventeen lipids compounds including 12 fatty acids, 2 glycerol lipids, LysoPC 16:0, LysoPE 16:0, and choline alfoscerate were abundantly found in the rind of sugarcane genotypes. From metabolic and transcriptomic results, we have developed a comprehensive lipid metabolic pathway and highlighted key genes that are differentially expressed in sugarcane. Several genes associated with α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid biosynthesis pathways were highly expressed in the rind of the ROC22 genotype. ROC22 has a high level of α-linolenic acid (an essential fatty acid) followed by ROC16. Moreover, we have explored pharmacological values of lipid compounds and found that the 2-linoleoylglycerol and gingerglycolipid C have strong binding interactions with 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and these compounds can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 as therapeutic agents. The transcriptome, metabolome, and bioinformatics analysis suggests that the sugarcane cultivars have a diversity of lipid compounds having promising therapeutic potential, and exploring the lipid metabolism will help to know more compounds that have promising cosmetic and pharmacological value.

LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach revealed novel phytocompounds from sugarcane rind with promising pharmacological value.

Sugarcane provides many secondary metabolites for the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, have been studied, but few reports focus on the identification of alkaloid and non-alkaloid phytocompounds in sugarcane. In this study, we identified 40 compounds in total from the rinds of cultivated sugarcane varieties (including eight alkaloids, 24 non-alkaloids, and eight others) by using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Among these compounds, 31 were novel and are reported for the first time in sugarcane. Some alkaloids such as 3-indoleacrylic acid, N,N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine, tryptamine, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are identified the first time in sugarcane rind. Four alkaloids such as trigonelline, piperidine, 3-indoleacrylic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are found abundantly in sugarcane rind and these compounds have promising pharmaceutical value. Some phytocompounds such as choline and acetylcholine (non-alkaloid compounds) were most common in the rind of ROC22 and Yuetang93/159 (YT93/159). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the ROC22, Taitang172 (F172), and Yuetang71/210 (YT71/210) varieties were quite similar in alkaloid composition when compared with other sugarcane varieties. We have also characterized the biosynthesis pathway of sugarcane alkaloids. The rind of F172, ROC22, and YT71/210 showed the highest total alkaloid content, whereas the rind of ROC16 revealed a minimum level. Interestingly, the rind extract from YT71/210 and F172 showed maximum antioxidant activity, followed by ROC22. Our results showed the diversity of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds in the rind of six cultivated sugarcanes and highlighted the promising phytocompounds that can be extracted, isolated, and utilized by the pharmacological industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Conversion of Bagasse Fibre into Non-Woven Disposable Medical Textiles

In present era materials which extracted from renewable sources, eco-friendly, biodegradable etc. are preferred by everyone to save earth from future problems. Bagasse is one of the most eco-friendly resources suitable for various applications, Bagasse is the fibrous residue which remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. It is mainly used as a burning raw material in the sugar mill furnaces. Also, the sugarcane mill management encounters problems regarding regulations of clean air from the Environmental Protection Agency, due to the quality of the smoke released in the atmosphere The low caloric power of bagasse makes this a low efficiency process baggase fiber is extracted from sugar cane rind in two different steps: mechanical separation and chemical extraction. .When appropriate modifications and manufacturing procedures are applied; bagasse displays improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and impact strength. A composite material is made by combining two or more materials to give a unique combination of properties, one of which is made up of stiff, long fibers and the other, a binder or 'matrix' which holds the fibers in place. Further nonwoven fabric & composite sheets are manufactured from extracted fibers alone or blending it with cotton and viscose. After blending This review discusses the use of bagasse fibre and its current status of research. Many references to the latest work on properties, processing and application have been cited in this review. It also satisfies the greening requirements by being biodegradable, recyclable and reusable.

Sugarcane Rind Secondary Metabolites and Their Antioxidant Activities in Eleven Cultivated Sugarcane Varieties

Sugarcane Rind Secondary Metabolites and Their Antioxidant Activities in Eleven Cultivated Sugarcane Varieties

Novel Insights into Anthocyanin Metabolism and Molecular Characterization of Associated Genes in Sugarcane Rinds Using the Metabolome and Transcriptome.

Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) is the fifth major cultivated crop around the world. Sugarcane rind is a promising source for anthocyanin pigments; however, limited information is available on the anthocyanin and its biosynthesis in sugarcane rinds. In this study, we have quantified 49 compounds including 6 flavonoids and 43 anthocyanins in the rind of 6 sugarcane cultivars by using LCMS/MS approach. Thirty of them were quantified for the first time in sugarcane. The 43 anthocyanins included 10 cyanidin (Cya), 11 pelargonidin (Pel), 9 peonidin (Peo), 5 malvidin (Mal), 4 delphinidin (Del), and 4 petunidin (Pet) metabolites. High contents of Cya derivatives were observed in the rind of YT71/210 (dark purple rind), such as cya-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu 1283.3 µg/g and cya-3-O-glu 482.67 µg/g followed by ROC22 (red rind) 821.3 µg/g and 409 µg/g, respectively, whereas the YT93/159 (green rind) showed a minimum level of these compounds. Among six cultivars, ROC22 rind has high levels of Peo derivatives such as peo-3-O-glu (197 µg/g), peo-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu (69 µg/g) and peo-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-glu (55.17 µg/g). The gene expression analysis revealed that some genes, including a MYB(t) gene, were highly associated with the color phenotype. Thus, we cloned and overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis and found the pinkish brown color in the hypocotyl of all transgenic lines compared with the wild type. Hence, we have quantified a wide range of anthocyanins in major sugarcane cultivars, reported many new anthocyanins for the first time, and concluded that Cya and Peo derivatives are the major contributing factor of dissimilar colors in sugarcane. The finding and the verification of a novel MYB gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have demonstrated that our study was very valuable for gene discovery and genetic improvement of sugarcane cultivars to harvest high anthocyanin contents.

Discovery of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis from the rind and pith of three sugarcane varieties using integrated metabolic profiling and RNA-seq analysis

BackgroundSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the most valuable feedstocks for sugar production. In addition to the production of industrial raw materials such as alcohol, papermaking, the fiber of livestock feed, respectively, sugarcane can produce bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins. Elucidation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is critical for the molecular breeding of sugarcane varieties with favorable traits. We aimed to identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.ResultsThree varieties of sugarcane displaying different colors were used in this study: FN15 (greed rind), ROC22 (red rind), and Badila (purple rind). Sample materials were subjected to metabolomic analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RNA-seq analysis. The metabolomic profiling results showed Cyanidin, Cyanidin (6’-malonylglucoside), Cyanidin O-glucoside, and Peonidin O-glucoside were the main components responsible for the rind color. Then, through RNA-seq analysis, we identified a total of 3137, 3302, 3014 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the rind and pith tissues for the corresponding varieties Badila rind, ROC22, and FN15. We then compared the expression levels of genes among the rind tissues from the three varieties. We identified 2901, 2821, and 3071 DEGs between Badila rind vs. ROC22 rind, Badila rind vs. FN15 rind, ROC22 rind vs. FN15 rind, respectively. We identified two enriched pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. Sequencing similarity search identified a total of 50 unigenes belonging to 15 enzyme families as putative genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in sugarcane rind. Seven of them were identified as candidate genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the rind of sugarcane through co-localization analysis with the anthocyanin content in sugarcane. In total, 25 unigenes were selected and subjected to RT-qPCR analysis, and qRT-PCR results were consistent with those obtained with the RNA-Seq experiments.ConclusionsWe proposed a pathway for anthocyanin biosynthesis in sugarcane rind. This is the first report on the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in sugarcane using the combined transcriptomic and metabolomic methods. The results obtained from this study will lay the foundation for breeding purple pith sugarcane varieties with high anthocyanin contents.

Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Indices of Rabbits fed Varying Levels of Sugarcane Rind Meal

The potential of sugarcane peels as a substitute for maize offal in rabbit diets and its effect on growth, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics were studied. Twenty five growing rabbits of mixed breeds and average body weight of 894±26.14g were used in a 7-week feeding trial. Five experimental diets were formulated in which sugarcane rind (SCR) was included at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% level to replace maize offal (weight for weight). The rabbits were balanced for weight and allotted to the treatments (n=5 rabbits/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Results obtained indicated that dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, hemicellulose, acid and neutral detergent fibre intake and digestibility decreased with increasing level of sugarcane rind inclusion. Crude fibre intake (5.59-8.67 g/day) and digestibility (20.60-40.80%) however increased (P<0.05) as level of sugarcane rind increased in the diet. The 30% inclusion of sugarcane rind gave body weight gain (5.35 g/d) comparable to the control (6.41 g/d), 10 (7.78 g/d) and 20% (7.12 g/d) inclusion of sugarcane peels. Feed intake (44.61-40.59 g/d) decreased as the level of sugarcane rind increased in the diets. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of sugarcane rind on metabolic body weight and feed efficiency. Inclusion of sugarcane rind at 30% level increased (P<0.05) thigh and head percentage but without any adverse effect on chest, loin, shoulder and skin. Based on the results, it is concluded that sugarcane rind is a good fibre source that can be used to replace maize offal up to 30% in rabbit diets.

Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Indices of Rabbits fed Varying Levels of Sugarcane Rind Meal

The potential of sugarcane peels as a substitute for maize offal in rabbit diets and its effect on growth, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics were studied. Twenty five growing rabbits of mixed breeds and average body weight of 894±26.14g were used in a 7-week feeding trial. Five experimental diets were formulated in which sugarcane rind (SCR) was included at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% level to replace maize offal (weight for weight). The rabbits were balanced for weight and allotted to the treatments (n=5rabbits/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Results obtained indicated that dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, hemicellulose, acid and neutral detergent fibre intake and digestibility decreased with increasing level of sugarcane rind inclusion. Crude fibre intake (5.59-8.67 g/day) and digestibility (20.60-40.80%) however increased (P<0.05) as level of sugarcane rind increased in the diet. The 30% inclusion of sugarcane rind gave body weight gain (5.35 g/d) comparable to the control (6.41 g/d), 10 (7.78 g/d) and 20% (7.12 g/d) inclusion of sugarcane peels. Feed intake (44.61-40.59 g/d) decreased as the level of sugarcane rind increased in the diets. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of sugarcane rind on metabolic body weight and feed efficiency. Inclusion of sugarcane rind at 30% level increased (P<0.05) thigh and head percentage but without any adverse effect on chest, loin, shoulder and skin. Based on the results, it is concluded that sugarcane rind is a good fibre source that can be used to replace maize offal up to 30% in rabbit diets

USE OF SUGARCANE RIND ACTIVATED CARBON FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC CONTENT IN WASTEWATER

In this study, activated carbon produced from sugarcane rind was used to treat synthesized wastewater for the removal of formaldehyde. The prepared precursor was impregnated with ZnCl2 before carbonization at 300℃ for 30 minutes. Proximate analysis of the produced activated carbon showed that it had a moisture content of 15.3 %, ash content of 5 %, and fixed carbon of 69.7 % amongst others. While BET analysis revealed the activated carbon has a surface area of 328.87 m2 and a pore diameter of 2.840e+00 nm. When used in batch process treatment of wastewater the activated carbon showed an 18 – 25 % adsorption efficiency in removal of formaldehyde from the wastewater. This shows that this sugarcane rind hitherto considered as waste and a pollutant has values to be explored. Keywords: Activated carbon, Formaldehyde, organic content, wastewater, Sugarcane peels, Sugarcane Rind etc.

Enhancement on methane production and anaerobic digestion stability via co-digestion of microwave-Ca(OH)2 pretreated sugarcane rind slurry and kitchen waste

To verify the practicability of biogas production from liquid waste emanated from alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulose, the blended solid-liquid slurry of sugarcane rind (SR), which generated from Ca(OH)2 coupled microwave pretreatment and undergone decalcification via biogas bubbling, was anerobically co-digested with kitchen waste (KW) in batched mesophilic assays at five mixing ratios. Results showed that the pretreatment improved the cell-free enzyme activity (CFEA) on cellulose hydrolysis during the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD). The strategy of AcoD of pretreated SR slurry (PSRS) or SR with KW not only increased methane production but also was benifical to the process stability. The synergistic effect was revealed based on methane production, alkalinity and enzyme activities in AcoD process. The 25% PSRS +75% KW demostrated the highest methane production of 430.4 N mL CH4/g volatile solids, which was 22% and 86% higher than 25% SR + 75% KW and 100% SR, respectively. The higher the proportion of PSRS or SR in feedstock, the higher the CFEA on cellulose hydrolysis revealed during fermentation. The maximum CFEA on cellulose hydrolysis of 0.293 U/g appeared on the 14th day in 100% PSR, which was 24.2% higher than that of 100% SR. The results will provide a reference for utilizing SR and KW in actual biogas plant.

Integrated methane production improvement from sugarcane rind by microwave coupled calcium hydroxide pretreatment

In order to increase the biogas production from sugarcane rind (SCR), microwave coupled Ca(OH)2 (MCC) pretreatment was applied to pretreat the SCR before batched mesophilic anaerobic digestion. The synthetic biogas was injected into the pretreatment effluent to decrease the inhibition on biogas production caused by calcium, phenols and over-high pH. The results showed that MCC pretreatment can effectively improve both of the rate and methane production when considering both of pretreated SCR and the effluent. The maximum methane production from pretreated SCR was 271.67 NmL CH4/g VS, which was 41.13% higher than the untreated SCR. Total methane production from pretreated SCR and the effluent was 25.7% more than untreated SCR based on 100 g of dry SCR. This work will provide a theoretical reference for the resource utilization of SCR for clean industrial application in future.

Sugarcane rind: applications and health benefits: a review

Sugarcane rind is usually treated as an industrial waste. However, it contains valuable phytochemicals that can be extracted and utilized. Herein we provide a comprehensive review about application and health benefits of the phytochemicals in sugarcane rind, including polyphenols, flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, phenolic acids, long chain fatty alcohols particularly 1-octacosanol, phytosterols and fiber. Various bioactivities are associated with these phytochemicals, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antivirus, inhibition of inflammatory, and attenuation of the risk of cardiovascular and coronary disease. However, further studies are warranted to focus on health benefits of sugarcane rind and to elucidate their action mechanisms.

Nanostructural Evolution of Sugarcane Rind and Pith Submitted to Hydrothermal Pretreatments

Lignocellulose conversion into cellulosic ethanol and coproducts starts with a pretreatment step. Most current industrial plants of cellulosic ethanol use thermochemical pretreatments under hydrothermal conditions, with or wi... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Biodegradability studies of poly(butylene succinate) composites filled with sugarcane rind fiber

Biodegradable composites were prepared from poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) and sugarcane rind fiber (SRF) by melt blending. The effects of SRF content and burial time on the biodegradability of SRF/PBS composites were investigated. Soil burial experiment was lasted 100 days under natural soil conditions. The biodegradability of pure PBS and SRF/PBS composites was evaluated by analyzing weight loss, mechanical properties, morphological properties, melting and crystallization behavior and thermal stability after the soil burial test. The weight loss and the mechanical property loss ratio of SRF/PBS composites were higher than that of pure PBS, and reached a maximum value when the SRF content was 5 wt% after soil burial for 100 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that the degree of erosion of the composites was higher than that of the pure PBS. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed an increase in crystallization temperature(Tc), degree of crystallinity(χc) and maximum weight loss rate temperature(Tmax) after soil burial for 100 days except for the 5 wt% SRF/PBS composites. It is indicated that 5 wt% SRF addition had the maximum impact on the accelerated degradation of PBS.

Anthocyanins characterization and antioxidant activities of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) rind extracts

Anthocyanins in rind extracts of three sugarcane cultivars, ROC 22, Haitang 22 and Guitang 21, were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). A total of thirteen anthocyanins were identified and quantified. Except for cyanidin-3-glucoside, twelve anthocyanins were reported for the first time from sugarcane. The total anthocyanin content (TAC) varied significantly from 10.8 (Haitang 22) to 132.0 μg/g dry rind weight (DW) (ROC 22). Regarding single anthocyanins, ROC 22 contained 79.8 μg/g DW cyanidin-3-glucoside but this anthocyanin was not identified in the other two cultivars. Instead, Guitang 21 contained 94.6 μg/g DW malvidin-3-p-coumaroyl-rhamnoside-5-glucoside. The rinds of red sugarcane cultivars ROC 22 and Guitang 21 had higher total antioxidant activities than green sugarcane Haitang 22, which was attributed to much higher contents of free and total phenolics. This study provides useful information for the production of valuable nutraceuticals from sugarcane.

Chemical properties of dissolved organic matter derived from sugarcane rind and the impacts on copper adsorption onto red soil.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most active organic carbon in the soil, has a coherent affinity with heavy metals from inherent and exogenous sources. Although the important roles of DOM in the adsorption of heavy metals in soil have previously been demonstrated, the heterogeneity and variability of the chemical constitution of DOM impede the investigation of its effects on heavy metal adsorption onto soil under natural conditions. Fresh DOM (FDOM) and degraded DOM (DDOM) from sugarcane rind were prepared, and their chemical properties were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopes, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular weight distribution (MWD). They were also used in batch experiments to evaluate their effects on the adsorption of Cu(II) onto farmland red soil. Based on our results, the chemical structure and composition of DDOM greatly varied; compared with FDOM, the C/O ratio (from 24.0 to 9.6%) and fluorescence index (FI) (from 1.4 to 1.0) decreased, and high molecular weight (>10kDa) compounds increased from 23.18 to 70.51%, while low molecular weight (<3kDa) compounds decreased from 56.13 to 12.13%; aromaticity and humification degree were markedly enhanced. The discrepancy of FDOM and DDOM in terms of chemical properties greatly influenced Cu(II) adsorption onto red soil by affecting DOM-Cu(II) complex capacity. The FDOM inhibited the adsorption of Cu(II), while DDOM promoted adsorption, which was significantly influenced by soil pH. Maximum adsorption capacity (Q m) was 0.92 and 5.76mgg-1 in the presence of FDOM and DDOM, respectively. The adsorption process with DDOM could be better described by the Langmuir model, while that with FDOM was better described by the Freundlich model. The impacts caused by the dynamic changes of the chemical properties of DOM under natural conditions should therefore be considered in the risk assessment and remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.

Separation of phenolic acids from sugarcane rind by online solid-phase extraction with high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Sugarcane rind contains some functional phenolic acids. The separation of these compounds from sugarcane rind is able to realize the integrated utilization of the crop and reduce environment pollution. In this paper, a novel protocol based on interfacing online solid-phase extraction with high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was established, aiming at improving and simplifying the process of phenolic acids separation from sugarcane rind. The conditions of online solid-phase extraction with HSCCC involving solvent system, flow rate of mobile phase as well as saturated extent of absorption of solid-phase extraction were optimized to improve extraction efficiency and reduce separation time. The separation of phenolic acids was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of butanol/acetic acid/water at a volume ratio of 4:1:5, and the developed online solid-phase extraction with HSCCC method was validated and successfully applied for sugarcane rind, and three phenolic acids including 6.73 mg of gallic acid, 10.85 mg of p-coumaric acid, and 2.78 mg of ferulic acid with purities of 60.2, 95.4, and 84%, respectively, were obtained from 150 mg sugarcane rind crude extracts. In addition, the three different elution methods of phenolic acids purification including HSCCC, elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography and back-extrusion counter-current chromatography were compared.

Effect of water, metallic ions, fatty acid and temperature on oxidative stability of 1-octacosanol from sugarcane rind

The chemical composition and selected physical parameters of crude 1-octacosanol (1-OC) extracted from sugarcane rind have been determined. GC–MS results exhibited that 1-OC sample was primarily composed of 1-OC (45.17%), 1-docosene (12.04%), 1-triacontanol (0.23%), 1-heneicosanol (0.33%), 1-tetracosanal (0.28%), campesterol (4.5%), stigmasterol (9.12%) and β-sitosterol (8.23%). The linoleic acid had important effects on physical and chemical properties of 1-OC sample, as it notably changed the melting point and the onset oxidation temperature To of 1-OC sample from 83.75±0.35°C to 63.25±0.35°C and 245.64±2.04°C to 160.03±0.01°C, respectively. It was also proved that the oxidation reactions were significantly different at different temperature levels. 1-OC was stable up to 245.64±2.04°C. However, when the temperature continued to rise, 1-OC and its oxidation products started to be oxidized. Therefore, attention should be paid to the quality of 1-OC during the preparation of food and to minimize the undesirable breakdown products.

Extraction optimization by response surface methodology: Purification and characterization of phytosterol from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) rind

A green, simple, and effective method for the extraction of sugarcane lipids from sugarcane rind was investigated by response surface methodology. The optimum conditions of technological progress obtained through response surface methodology were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 7.94: 1 mL/g, extraction temperature 50°C and extraction time 5.98 h. The practical sugarcane lipids extraction yield was 6.55 ± 0.28%, which was in good consistence with the predicted extraction yield of 6.47%. The results showed that the sugarcane lipids extraction yield obtained in optimum conditions increased by 1.16∼7.28-fold compared to the yields obtained in single-factor experiments. After saponification and SPE steps, the nonsaponifiable fraction of sugarcane lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. β-Sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol were the prevailing phytosterols in the sample, while fucosterol, gramisterol, stigmast-7-en-3-ol, (3β,5α,24S)-, stigmasta-4,6,22-trien-3α-ol, and cholest-8(14)-en-3β-ol acetate were also identified as minor steroids. Furthermore, the content of β-sitosterol and a mixture of campesterol and stigmasterol (quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography) was 44.18 mg/100 g dry weight and 43.20 mg stigmasterol/100 g dry weight, respectively. Our results indicate that sugarcane rind is a good source of phytosterol.