Sugarcane Pulp Research Articles

Pyrolysis temperature effect on the efficacy of biochar/CuNi composite catalysts for emerging pollutant degradation

Sugarcane pulp bagasse biochar (SCPBB) was produced through pyrolysis from 500 to 900 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and their SCPBB/CuNi composites was produced through wetness impregnation with copper and nickel salts followed by pyrolysis. The impact of pyrolysis temperature on SCPBB and SCPBB/CuNi for physic-chemical properties was evaluated. SEM images that spherical bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the surface of the biochar matrix, and the size of the nanoparticles increased with increasing temperature. In particular, when the pyrolysis temperature is higher than 700 °C, the nanoparticles on the surface exhibit novel structures that are partially embedded or completely enclosed within the porous biochar matrix. FT-IR ATR and Raman spectra proved that SCPBB materials contain abundant surface functional groups and carbonaceous structures, which were preserved by the introduction of metal nanoparticles. TGA demonstrated SCPBB-500 biochar started to lose mass quickly first, followed by SCPBB-700 and finally SCPBB-900, and the weight residues of SCPBB/CuNi increased by 30 %-34 % compared with SCPBB. In addition, the catalytic performance of the synthesized material was explored for the degradation of malachite green (MG) representing dye molecules, Amoxicillin (AMX) representing pharmaceuticals, and methyl-parabens (MP) representing personal care products contaminants. Each SCPBB/CuNi sample showed catalytic degradation performance under Advanted oxidation processes (AOPs), among which the SCPBB/CuNi catalyst obtained by pyrolysis temperature 500 °C performed best. Hence, SCPBB/CuNi demonstrates promising potential as a multifunctional catalyst for diverse environmental pollutants in wastewater treatments.

Multiple-input multiple-output Radial Basis Function Neural Network modeling and model predictive control of a biomass boiler

This study presents a model predictive control of a 4 × 3 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) biomass control system that uses radial basis function (RBF) as an activation function to enhance the control performance. The biomass boiler model is developed from the system identification box in MATLAB by collecting measured input and output data from the 31.5 MW Wonji sugar mill and analyzing the data using black box modeling approach. The major goal of this study is to improve the MIMO control performance of a biomass boiler by utilizing Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) to increase model accuracy which ultimately enhances the overall control system. Biomass boilers have four inputs and three outputs. The inputs are airflow 1, airflow 2, water flow and stocker speed (the speed of the motor which feeds bagasse or sugarcane pulp) and outputs are temperature, pressure and drum level. The RBFNN model was programmed using MATLAB R2021a software with system identification toolbox. Shorter settling times of 0.286 s, 1.873 s, and 0.637 s, as well as tolerable overshoots of 0.505%, 1.5%, and 15.698% for temperature, pressure, and level respectively, were achieved with the suggested model predictive controller using RBFNN model. However, when utilizing the identical controller and state space model, the settling times are 2.318 s, 5.461 s, and 6.147 s, with overshoots of 4.737%, 8.152%, and 38.194% for the three variables respectively. The suggested method was compared to the model predictive control (MPC) biomass boiler state space model, which can be considered as a model without RBFNN. The simulation results indicate that the RBFNN-based MPC performed better than the state space model-based MPC. This is because, the state space model is always constant, in contrast to the neural network's active monitoring of boiler dynamics.

Biodegradable Spoon Based on Glycerol and Cassava Starch with The Addition of Sugar Cane Pulp

Biodegradable Spoon is an environmentally friendly spoon-based product made from cassava starch, glycerol, and sugarcane. The research aims to determine the influence of the addition of sugar cane to biodegradable spoon characteristics. This research uses a completely randomized design (RAL) with 1 factor that is the variation of the addition of sugarcane. Each treatment is 3 times repeated and 2 observations. The results showed that the addition of sugarcane affects the value of water content, solubility as well as biodegradability of the spoon. The moisture content of ingredients ranges between 3.78-2.16%. The time of solubility in biodegradable spoon water is increasing with the highest time being 79 hours 50 minutes. The value of biodegradability of the highest spoon in the treatment of adding a 0% cane pulp with a value of weight loss of 52.92%, but on the other hand the increase of sugarcane is added the value of biodegradation increased.

Sugarcane Pulp Take-Out Containers Produce More Microparticles in Acidic Foods.

In the current study, the production of microparticles released from fifteen commercial sugarcane pulp (SCP) take-out containers into different food simulants under different conditions was investigated, where deionized water (DI water), 4% acetic acid (4% HAc), and 95% ethanol (95% EtOH) were used to simulate aqueous, acidic, and fatty foods, respectively. Results showed that compared with DI water and 95% EtOH, 4% HAc caused the degradation of sugarcane fibers, thereby releasing the highest number of microparticles. The overall migration values of the sugarcane pulp take-out containers in 4% HAc were above the prescribed limit of 10 mg/dm2. Furthermore, it was estimated that consumers may intake 36,400-231,700 microparticles in a take-out container at one time, of which the proportion of particles with a particle size between 10 and 500 μm was the highest, ranging from 26,470 to 216,060 items. Moreover, the Al and Fe are the main metals in these take-out containers, ranging between 35.16 and 1244.04 and 44.71 and 398.52 mg/kg, respectively, followed by Pb, Ti, and Sr. This study provides important information that the safety of both the production of microparticles and the metallic elements should be considered for SCP take-out containers when in contact with food.

Unusual, hierarchically structured composite of sugarcane pulp bagasse biochar loaded with Cu/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles for dye removal

Biochar-supported nanocatalysts emerged as unique materials for environmental remediation. Herein, sugarcane pulp bagasse (SCPB) was wet-impregnated with Cu(NO3)23H2O and Ni(NO3)26H2O, then pyrolyzed at 500 °C, under N2, for 1 h. We specifically focused on sugarcane pulp instead of SCB and biochar materials. The metal nitrate to biomass ratio was set at 0.5, 1, and 2 mmol/g, with Cu/Ni initial ratio = 1. The process provided hierarchically structured porous biochar, topped with evenly dispersed 40 nm-sized CuNi alloy nanoparticles (SCPBB@CuNi). The biochar exhibited an unusual fishing net-like structure induced by nickel, with slits having a length in the 3–12 μm range. Such a fishing net-like porous structure was obtained without any harsh acidic or basic treatment of the biomass. It was induced, during pyrolysis, by the nanocatalysts or their precursors. The CuNi nanoparticles form true alloy as proved by XRD, and are prone to agglomeration at high initial metal nitrate concentration (2 mmol/g). Stepwise metal loading was probed by XPS versus the initial metal nitrate concentration. This is also reflected in the thermal gravimetric analyses. The SCPBB@CuNi/H2O2 (catalyst dose: 0.25 g/L) system served for the catalyzed removal of Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB), and Methyl Orange (MO) dyes (concentration = 0.01 mmol/L). Both single and mixed dye solutions were treated in this advanced oxidation process (AOP). The dyes were removed in less than 30 min for MG and 3 h for MB, respectively, but 8 h for MO, therefore showing selectivity for the degradation of MG, under optimized degradation conditions. The catalysts could be collected with a magnet and reused three times, without any significant loss of activity (∼85%). AOP conditions did not induce any nanocatalyst leaching.To sum up, we provide a simple wet impregnation route that permitted to design highly active Fenton-like biochar@CuNi composite catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants, under daylight conditions.

Sugarcane pulp sand and paper grain sand as partial fine aggregate replacement in environment-friendly concrete bricks

The addition of sugarcane pulp sand (SCPS) and paper grain sand (PGS) to concrete bricks was proven effective in this study. This research not only investigated the engineering of incorporating SCPS and PGS into concrete bricks to build lightweight bricks but also examined the possibility of substituting fine aggregates with agricultural and industrial wastes to safely dispose of or recycle wastes. Concrete bricks were subjected to multiple tests, such as scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate their compressive strength, flexural strength, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, unit weight, and microstructure. The primary objective of this research was to determine the optimal blend of crushed SCPS and PGS to replace fine aggregates. In accordance with the current study, compressive strength was increased when the ideal mixing ratio of fine aggregate substitution with ground SCPS and PGS was achieved. Fine aggregate replacement ratios from up to 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % waste products. In addition to the use of wastes, replacing fine aggregates with agricultural and industrial wastes. Compared with the control sample, the bricks with SCPS + PGS-10 % demonstrated significantly better mechanical characteristics after 28 days, with compressive strength increasing by 8.52 % and flexural strength increasing by 18.43 %. Microstructure research validated the effectiveness of SCPS + PGS in improving brick strength and unit weight. In addition to production, generic nonstructural light bricks reduce overall carbon emission, agricultural and industrial wastes and required construction materials, solving environmental pollution problems caused by construction waste in the future.

Prediction of the Behavior of Sunflower Husk Ash after Its Processing by Various Torrefaction Methods

Biomass can be considered an alternative to coal in the production of heat and electricity. Many types of biomass are waste from agriculture and the food industry. This waste is cheap, readily available, and replenished annually. However, most agricultural and food industry wastes (sugar cane pulp, olive and sunflower oil production wastes, straw, etc.) have ash with a low melting point. This leads to a rapid growth of ash deposits on the heating surfaces of boilers; as a result, the actual efficiency of boilers in which waste from agriculture and the food industry is burned is 45–50%. Known biomass pre-treatment technologies that allow for the fuel characteristics of biowaste. For example, leaching of biowaste in water at a temperature of 80–240 °C makes it possible to drastically reduce the content of alkali metal compounds in the ash, the presence of which reduces the melting point of the ash. However, this biomass pre-treatment technology is complex and requires additional costs for drying the treated biomass. We proposed to use torrefaction for pre-treatment of biomass, which makes it possible to increase the heat of combustion of biomass, increase the hydrophobicity of biomass, and reduce the cost of grinding it. However, we are not aware of studies that have studied the effect of torrefaction on the chemical composition of ash from the point of view of solving the problem of preventing the formation of agglomerates and reducing the growth rate of ash deposits on the convective heating surfaces of boilers. In this paper, the characteristics of sunflower husk subjected to torrefaction in an environment of superheated steam at a temperature of 300 °C and in an environment of gaseous products at a temperature of 250 °C are studied. All experiments were conducted using fluidized bed technology. The resulting biochar has a calorific value of 14.8–23% higher than the initial husk. To assess the behavior of sunflower husk ash, predictive coefficients were calculated. Torrefaction of sunflower husks does not exclude the possibility of slagging of the furnace but reduces the likelihood of slagging by 2.31–7.27 times. According to calculations, the torrefaction of sunflower husks reduces the likelihood of ash deposits on the convective heating surfaces of the boiler by 2.1–12.2 times. According to its fuel characteristics, the husk, after torrefaction in an environment of superheated steam, approaches wood waste, i.e., can be burned separately without additives or mixtures with other fuels with refractory ash.

Studies on Production of Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes and Their Uses in Wastewater Treatment Processes

The need for water is increasing owing to the rapidly increasing world population, urbanization, industrialization, global climate changes, and intensive agricultural activities. While the importance of water is increasing day by day, the purification and reuse of water have become more and more essential. Reducing the pollutants at the source as much as possible and if it will be given to the receiving environment, giving the wastewater treatment in accordance with the current discharge regulations, are priority processes. Of the advanced separation methods, membrane separation technology is used to reduce water resource use and control environmental pollution and has advantages such as high separation efficiency, convenient operation, compact equipment, and energy-saving. Membranes are divided into two categories according to their structures: organic and inorganic membranes (or ceramic membranes). Compared to organic membranes, inorganic membranes have many advantages such as high thermal and chemical stability, good resistance to microbial erosion, easy regeneration and cleaning, high mechanical strength, and long-term stability in harsh conditions. The high cost of ceramic membranes is an important disadvantage. In recent years, it is seen that membrane production costs are reduced by using natural minerals such as kaolin, quartz, bauxite, diatomite, clay, limestone, dolomite, zeolite, and industrial wastes instead of the commonly used ceramic membrane raw materials. By using these raw materials, besides reducing the cost of ceramic membranes, it also contributes to lowering the temperatures required for their production. In this study, studies on ceramic membranes produced from industrial wastes (waste ash, sawdust, sewage sludge, construction and demolition wastes, waste diatomite, rice husk ash, sugarcane pulp ash, corn cob ash waste etc.) were examined.

Kinetics, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies of the Reclusion of Cu (II) from Aqueous Solution by Maize Cob and Sugarcane Pulp

Over the years, heavy metal contamination of the environment, through industrial waste had been a perennial problem to which biosorption is being proposed as solution in recent studies. The biosorption characteristics of Cu (II) ion using maize and saccharumofficinarum (sugarcane pulp) were investigated by contacting 0.5g of the biomass with 10ml of 100mg/L solution of the metal ions. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, concentration and temperature were studied. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherms. The biosorption capacities of maize cob and saccharumofficinarum were found to be sufficiently high to consider the biomasses used as substances that could be employed in the removal of Cu (II) ions from waste water. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, G 0 , for biosorption of Cu (II) on to cob and bagasse determine at pH 5.0 and 301k, are -1.5KJmol -1 and -2.505KJmol -1 respectively. This showed that the biosorption of Cu (II) ions onto maize cob and saccharumofficinarum was feasible and spontaneous at 301K.

Eco-friendly approach toward preparation of plantable paper like material from organic sugarcane Bagasse waste

Present research work focused on sugarcane bagasse powder having potential cellulose source which can be used in pulp and paper industries. Ecological concerns have increased the need for nonwood pulp as a low cost raw material for paper making. This also led to the development of alternative pulping technologies that are eco-friendly. Cellulose pulp from the generated agro based waste is collected from the street vendors and chemically prepared in the laboratory and used in paper making. The optimal cooking time and dose of pulp by moist weight found were 180 minutes & 150 g of pulp per frame, respectively. To improve the quality and the shelf life of paper we incorporated sucrose in the sugarcane pulp. Sucrose acts as a natural preservative. To study the effect of sucrose as preservative we prepared a solution of sucrose and distilled water in 1:4 ratio. The solution is then mixed with sugarcane bagasse in 5:250, 10:250, 15:250 and 20:250 and observed the OD of the mixture on 20th and 27th day. By using this pulp we developed a paper with incorporated artificial seeds within it, so that after use of this paper rather than discarding the paper simply sowing it in garden soil a plant will grow from it and generate a means of eco initiatives. This plant able paper is developed by handmade process without using any harmful chemicals and can be made using everyday use material. Anyone can use this method and make the paper. The paper obtained from this process is found to be of good quality and durable and can be used for preparation of commercial Kraft’s of different purposes like greetings card, packaging etc., and can generate new way of a revenue.

Comparative study of polyphenolic compound extraction from empty palm fruit bunches and sugarcane pulp

Polyphenolic compounds have many benefits, one of which being their efficacy as antioxidants. They can be extracted from various parts of plants and from agricultural waste. In this research, sugarcane pulp, and empty palm fruit bunches from the palm oil production were investigated as potential raw materials. This study aims to determine solvents and easy-to-perform extraction methods that show the highest effectivity in regards to total phenolic and flavonoid yield and the correlated antioxidant activity. Extraction methods comprised maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE); solvents that were investigated included water, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and FRAP (Ferric Reduction Ability of Plasma) method. Based on the amount of polyphenol compounds as well as the antioxidant activity, the experiments showed that Soxhlet extraction with 70% methanol as solvent worked best for palm bunch waste and sugar cane pulp, resulted in about two times higher values for total phenolic content, flavonoid content and FRAP antioxidant activity as well as extract mass (yield) compared to the results from other extraction methods or solvents used in this experiment. The antioxidant activity of the extracts as measured by DPPH method seemed also to be promising, although the trend among solvent and extraction method was rather inconclusive.

Microparticles Released from Sugarcane Pulp Disposable Lunchbox

Microparticles Released from Sugarcane Pulp Disposable Lunchbox

ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL MICRO CELLULOSE OF BAGASSE BY MODIFICATION WITH SILVER NANOPARTICLES

The preparation of microcellulose from sugarcane pulp enzymatically and its modification with silver nanoparticles had been conducted in this study. The objectives of this research were to prepare and characterize microfiber cellulose, and also its application as an antimicrobial material. Micro cellulose has been prepared by enzymatic methods and then continued with ultrasonication. The characterization of microfiber cellulose has been conducted by determining wavelengths with UV-Vis, functional groups with FTIR, surface image with SEM, and crystallinity with XRD. Synthesis of AgNPs had been conducted by bioreduction method using red betel leaf extracts via ultrasonication and stabilized by 0.05% starch solution. Characterization of silver nanoparticles had been conducted by determination of wavelength with UV-Vis and particle size with PSA. The antimicrobial tests of microcellulose have been determined by measuring of clear zones in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The characterization of microcellulose showed that wavelengths of micro cellulose at 300 nm, has C-O glycosidic bonds, the C=O, and lignin/hemicellulose. However, C=C lignin aromatic rings begin to disappear. Microcellulose size was 1 μm and crystallinity was 79.05%. The wavelengths in silver nanoparticles were shown at 424 nm. The diameter of silver nanoparticles was 88.6 nm. Micro cellulose with nanoparticle modification was the best in microbial inhibition

Karakterisasi Biochar dari Ampas Tebu dan Kemampuan Penyerapan Nitrogen Sebagai Amelioran Pada Tanah Gambut Secara In Vitro

Research has been carried out on the characterization of biochar pores produced from bagasse through a pyrolysis process at a temperature of 110oC for 4 hours, using the Scaning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) method. The biochar of sugarcane pulp produced is then tested for its ability to absorb nitrogen content (% N-total), with the source of N is urea fertilizer through the Kjedhal method based on SNI (2801: 2010), and the source of nitrogen from a solution of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 by the titrimetric method. The SEM measurement results showed that the biochar pores were uniform and micro-sized, while the peat pores were macro in size and irregular. EDX results show that biochar is composed of 100% carbon, while peat soil consists of carbon compounds (C), Oxygen (O) Silica (Si) and Aluminum (Al). Both of biochar and peat have moisture content of 0.38% and 11.79%, ash content of 2.42% AND 24.44%, volatile content of 0.53% and 5.23% of bound or fixed carbon (cf) of 97.02% and 58.53%. The results of the biochar capacity test applied to peat soils can increase the pH of the peat from 5 to 6.5 with the ability to absorb N-total from urea (NH2)2CO and N-total fertilizer sources from ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 solution of 38% - 66%, and 56.5% -84.5%.

Comparative Study of Polyphenolic Compound Extraction from Agroindustrial Waste

Polyphenolic compounds have many benefits, one of which being their efficacy as antioxidants. They can be extracted from various parts of plants and from agricultural waste. In this research, rice straw from three varieties, sugarcane pulp, and empty fruit bunches from the palm oil production were investigated as potential raw materials. This study aims to determine solvents and easy-to-perform extraction methods that show the highest effectivity in regard to total phenolic and flavonoid yield and the correlated antioxidant activity. Extraction methods comprised maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE); solvents that were investigated included water, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and FRAP (Ferric Reduction Ability of Plasma). Based on the amount of polyphenol compounds as well as the antioxidant activity, the experiments showed that Soxhlet extraction with 70% methanol as solvent worked best for palm bunch waste and sugar cane pulp. Results for rice straw biomass were inconclusive due to differences in growing conditions, however, the antioxidant activity of the extracts seemed rather promising.

Poisson’s ratios of molded pulp materials by digital image correlation method and uniaxial tensile test

The mechanical properties of molded pulp materials are the basis of the structural optimum design of molded pulp products. Therefore, the correlations between Poisson’s ratio and fiber structure, molding process, and thickness were found for materials including wood pulp, bamboo pulp, sugarcane pulp, white mixed pulp, black mixed pulp, recycled corrugated board pulp, and recycled newspaper pulp by the uniaxial tensile test and digital image correlation method. The fiber structures of the selected molded pulp materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed Poisson’s ratios of wood pulp, bamboo pulp, sugarcane pulp, white mixed pulp, black mixed pulp, recycled corrugated board pulp, and recycled newspaper pulp to be 0.169, 0.108, 0.202, 0.120, 0.166, 0.098, and 0.044, respectively. Microstructural investigation further revealed that Poisson’s ratios of molded pulp materials were related to the fiber structure and drying method. The pulp material dried outside mold under lower pressure and temperature had a smaller Poisson’s ratio, while that dried inside mold under higher pressure and temperature had a larger Poisson’s ratio. The layered phenomenon of the molded pulp materials was also found by scanning electron microscopy images: the outer layer was denser than the inner layer. These results can provide guidance for the numerical simulation analysis and optimal design of molded pulp products.

Economic assessment of sugarcane pulp as amelioration of soil hydro-physical characteristics, water productivity, and wheat yield

Economic assessment of sugarcane pulp as amelioration of soil hydro-physical characteristics, water productivity, and wheat yield

Pemanfaatan Isolat Selulosa Ampas Tebu sebagai Chelating Agent (CAT) Zat Pewarna pada Jajanan Anak Sekolahan (JAS)

This study aims to detect synthetic dyes in JAS (School Children Snacks) using a chelating 
 agent (CAT) from bagasse waste. Instrumentation used in the analysis was spectronic 20D. 
 Sugarcane pulp cellulose products as CAT adsorbent rhodamine B coloring agent, metanil 
 yellow and tartrazine in JAS were applied to 10 types of soft drink samples circulating in the 
 market in Gorontalo City. The method used is the adsorption method. The adsorption capacity 
 produced by cellulose with 75% content and α-cellulose content was 37.8% for sample 1 (56%) 
 sample 2 (12%), sample 3 (83%), sample 4 (54%), sample 5 (45%) , sample 6 (54%), sample 7 
 (51%), sample 8 (27%), sample 9 (69%) and sample 10 (25%). The adsorption capacity 
 produced by cellulose was 88.4% and α-cellulose content was 45.2% for sample 1 (56%) 
 sample 2 (12%), sample 3 (83%), sample 4 (54%), sample 5 (45%) , sample 6 (54%), sample 7 
 (51%), sample 8 (27%), sample 9 (69%) and sample 10 (25%).

Effect of sugarcane pulp extract on ameliorating soil structure stability

Effect of sugarcane pulp extract on ameliorating soil structure stability

Analisis Pengaruh Bahan Bakar Alternatif pada Lemari Pengasap Ikan terhadap Kualitas Produk Hasil Asapan

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the amount of fuel in the combustion chamber on the fish smoking kiln to temperature and temperature distribution in the smoke room as well as the quality of the smoked fish. This study used 3 types of fuel those are dry coconut shell, coconut fiber and sugarcane pulp briquette. Temperature needed in the smoke room for 3 hours is 80 ° C , and the fish smoked is milkfish. The result showed that to achieve the same smoking temperature, it required the amount of dry coconut shell as much as 1045 grams, while the coconut fiber as much as 1730 grams and sugarcane pulp briquette as much as 2055 grams. The temperature of each fishing point is relatively even with a maximum temperature difference of 1.38%, while the difference between the setting temperature and the temperature at the maximum fish points is 8.88%. It can be concluded that the heat value, particle density rate and combustion rate (heat release) of fuel affect the amount and distribution of fuel to the temperature change in the fish smoking room in the fish smoking kiln. The quality of smoked fish products with 3 types of fuels meets SNI 2725.1.2009.