Sufficient Amount Of Information Research Articles

Information Infrastructure & Digital Divide: In the context of Indian Universities — The Economical and Financial Context

"Each and every organization, institution needs information and allied objects for the growth and proper development and without a sufficient amount of information it is very difficult to sustain and run an organization. Universities and Higher Educational Institutions work and function based on various academic and administrative units and sections; and in each and every section information is very much crucial and valuable. The development of information related activities is called Information Systems and ‘Information Infrastructure’ is a broad concept which is required for information collection, processing, management and delivery in manual and technological mode. There are different types of sections and sub-sections exit in model Information Infrastructure systems. Each and every universities depend on proper information management systems and there are issues in relation to social, technical, psychological, economical and managerial. In an university system and general organization there are numerous systems and procedures in managing data, information and other documentation. Many institutions keeps information as usual and without any professionalism and that lead to the failure of organizational goal and proper development. Economical and financial issues are alarming in purchasing and maintaining technologies, systems, and Human Resources, etc. And this paper is about the basic of Information Infrastructure with a special focus on economical and financial issues in the context of Digital divide."

АВТОКОЛЕБАНИЯ НАТЯЖНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ ТРАВИЛЬНОГО АГРЕГАТА, СОВМЕЩЕННОГО СО СТАНОМ ТАНДЕМОМ ХОЛОДНОЙ ПРОКАТКИ 2000

On multi-cage cold rolling mills combined with a continuous etching unit, self-oscillations can occur not only on the mill stands but also on the tensioning stations of the etching unit. Fatigue cracks can appear on the rollers of the tension stations, and characteristic defects can appear on the surface of the polyurethane-coated roller. To measure self-oscillations, MEMS accelerometers are installed on the roller bearing supports. The collection of vibrational data takes place in parallel with the measurement of technological parameters. Time series databases are used for data storage. The hybrid database allows the simultaneous processing of technological and vibrational parameters. When an emergency situation occurs, it is possible to chart the dependence of self-oscillations on the technological parameters. Using the results of an industrial experiment, it was possible to obtain the characteristic of the friction of the rolled strip on the roller of the tension station at low strip movement speeds. At band speeds from 0.5 m/s to 1 m/s, the friction characteristic is in a transient mode and can be either positive or negative. With a negative characteristic of friction, self-oscillation appears, with a positive characteristic, the movement of the belt stabilizes. Signal processing was carried out using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). According to the spectral characteristic, it is possible to determine the number of complete cycles acting on the oscillatory system. Having a sufficient amount of information in time, it is possible to calculate the number of cycles and estimate the residual resource before cracks appear on the end surfaces of the roller of the tensioning station.

DEVELOPMENT OF DETERMINATION METHODOLOGY OF THE EXTERNAL (ECONOMIC) DEPRECIATION INFLUENCE ON THE COST OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

The purpose of the scientific work is to develop a methodology for determining the impact of external (economic) depreciation on the value of real estate. The essence of external (economic) depreciation is analyzed, in particular, the nature of its impact on the value of real estate over time is determined. Traditional methods of determining external (economic) depreciation were studied, their analysis and grouping were performed, and an algorithm for the use of traditional methods was developed. The necessary prerequisites for the application of these methods, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, and the results of practical testing were analyzed in the study [4]. It was concluded that for the effective application of traditional methods of determining external depreciation, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of information about the real estate market and high liquidity of the property. It was found that it is problematic to apply the considered methods to specialized, illiquid or nonliquid property, which, in particular, includes transport infrastructure objects. Using the results of the study [4], it is proposed to additionally apply two specific methods (method of power dependence, object liquidation method), which take into account the lack of information about the real estate market and the specifics of specialized objects. Adaptation of methods of power dependence and object liquidation to real estate in the field of transport infrastructure has been carried out. Based on the proposed methodology, an algorithm for estimating the value of real estate, taking into account economic wear and tear, was developed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The scientific novelty of the study is the development of a methodology and algorithm for estimating the value of real estate, taking into account economic depreciation, based on the determined liquidity of real estate. The practical value of the proposed algorithm and methodology is ensuring the possibility of their application to various types of objects, in particular, to specialized and non-specialized, liquid and illiquid, private and public. This becomes especially important in modern conditions, when there is a need to assess the property damaged by the war in order to carry out its recovery, repair, reconstruction or liquidation.

Peculiarities of observing human rights in the conditions of emergency legal regimes caused by the pandemic

The article is devoted to the study of the pandemic as a legal prerequisite for the introduction of certain mechanisms for the observance of human rights in the conditions of emergency legal regimes and to the identification of certain features of the observance and guarantee of these rights. A number of domestic and foreign legal acts regulating the introduction of the state of emergency have been analyzed. The main purpose of introducing a state of emergency has been determined. The list of reasons for restricting human rights has been analyzed and attention has been drawn to international experience in preventing this negative phenomenon.
 It has been noted that each state operates with a sufficient amount of information in order to determine the level of public danger and thereby answer the question: if it is appropriate to limit human rights. State authorities within their competence are authorized to make decisions regarding the scope and nature of human rights restriction. The state, assessing a certain emergency situation, must do it correctly from the danger of the situation point of view and taking into account the relevant factors (whether there is public danger that threatens the life of the nation), if necessary, declare a state of emergency to combat it. A classification of legal regimes has been carried out, which include extraordinary and hybrid ones. It has been noted that the main difference between them lies in the constitutionalization of the first ones, which provide for a rather significant retreat of the state from ensuring a number of human and citizen rights and freedoms.
 Attention has been focused on the fact that, since a state of emergency can lead to the restriction of human rights, it is necessary to turn to the international experience of preventing this negative phenomenon. There are three main tools that human rights law uses to deal with emergencies: human rights exceptions; restriction of human rights; derogation of rights. Taking into account the peculiarities of the emergency situation, it is possible to limit the scope of human rights necessary to overcome the emergency situation, however, at the regulatory level, the list of constitutional rights and freedoms that may be limited and on what grounds should be clearly established.

Increasing the Talent of High School Students through Islamic Counseling Guidance

Students, especially high school students, will always be faced with several choices, both related to personal, social, study, career, and talent lives. They often have difficulty making decisions in determining which options to choose. One of them is the difficulty in understanding oneself related to his talent and the talent plans that will be selected for his future. Difficulties in making decisions when choosing talents can be avoided if students have a sufficient amount of information about matters relating to the world of their talents. Therefore they need to get development in their talent. This research uses the literature study method. The results of this study indicate that full Islamic guidance and counseling is needed as an effort to obtain an adequate understanding of various conditions and characteristics of himself, as a 'servant of Allah' who chooses nature (potential) both about talents, interests, ideas, various strengths and weaknesses. that is in him so as not to be wrong in developing his talents in accordance with Islamic guidance (Al-Qur'an and Hadith).

Purulent-septic infections in puerperas. Part 2. Clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of nosological forms, etiology and antibiotic resistance (literature review)

Despite the improvement of the obstetric care system, purulent-septic infections (PSI) of puerperas and the associated maternal mortality do not lose relevance at the present time. This study analyzed publications on the following information resources: eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI on the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of postpartum GSI (sepsis, peritonitis, endometritis, mastitis, and surgical site infections (SSI)) and their leading pathogens. It should be said that the clinical picture of PSI in the postpartum period does not always correspond to the degree of activity of the infectious process, which leads to late diagnosis of the local focus of infection and, in the future, to its generalization. A modern feature of the PSI of puerperas is their polyetiology, with a predominance of opportunistic microorganisms, the role of individual representatives of which is far from unambiguous and requires discussion. In recent years, the etiological and epidemiological significance of gram-negative microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family, including those with multidrug resistance, has been increasing. Thus, despite a sufficient amount of information on the etiology and clinical and pathogenetic features of PSI in the postpartum period, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to study this problem with the participation of different specialists: obstetricians-gynecologists, microbiologists, clinical pharmacologists and epidemiologists.

Typological originality of secondary dialects with the south Russian basis in the Middle Volga Region

The article highlights the problem of the typology of dialects of the Middle Volga region. Particular attention is paid to secondary dialects with signs of South Russian dialect bases, the status of which in the Volga atlases is determined ambiguously. The area of the described dialect type is indicated. It is indicated that in the left-bank part of the Middle Volga region, in the so-called Trans-Volga region, there is a high probability of the existence of secondary Central Russian dialects with the preservation of signs of southern Russian maternal stems. The main source is data from regional atlases. The materials of dialectological expeditions to the villages of the Samara region are used. The description of the typological characteristics of the secondary dialects with a southern base, which are designated on the maps of regional atlases as Central Russian, is based on the analysis of isogloss of phonetic, grammatical and proper lexical dialect phenomena. In dialects with a completed transition to Central Russian, typologically significant South Russian features are types of yakany with the preservation of vowel dissimilation, obstruent pronunciation of g of secondary origin and other phonetic, morphological and lexical features that make up the series of two-term dialectal correspondences. According to the linguistic basis, such dialects are often polydialectal. In some dialects, the South Russian basis is not in doubt, and we can only state the beginning of the transition to the Central Russian type. The question is raised about the existence of secondary dialect types, formed as a result of the assimilation of dialects of the South Russian dialect with other dialects, not only in the Volga region, but also in other territories with favorable conditions for inter-dialectal contact. It is concluded that the presence of the Central Russian type and South Russian bases in the described dialects is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of information on typologically significant levels of the dialect language, in which systemic relations are clearly manifested and which are represented on linguistic maps by stable isoglosses. Data on secondary types of dialects should be based on the structural-typological classification of dialectal phenomena of various levels, including the lexical one.

Escalation of Swedish-Norwegian Conflict in 1895 According to the Documents of Russian Diplomats

The Swedish-Norwegian conflict, which resulted in the dissolution of the union in 1905, was accompanied by outbursts of tension in relations between political forces and the public of the two countries. In 1895, when the crisis reached its peak, rumours about the threat of a war between the “fraternal peoples” were circulating among the Swedish and Norwegian public. The purpose of this work is to analyze the reports of Russian representatives in the United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway, to identify the events in 1895 that attracted the attention of diplomats and the degree to which their attitudes towards opposing political forces influenced the formation of the general picture in the Russian Foreign Ministry. The research is based on documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. They contain a sufficient amount of information allowing one to identify the causes, course, stages, and evolution of the Swedish-Norwegian conflict as well as the driving forces behind it. The author concludes that, firstly, diplomatic reports suggest that Russian diplomacy took the threat of an armed clash between Sweden and Norway in 1895 quite seriously; secondly, the correspondence between the Russian ambassador and the Foreign Ministry contains a generally sober assessment of the political situation in Sweden and Norway The author concludes that, firstly, the threat of an armed conflict between Sweden and Norway in 1895 was taken quite seriously by Russian diplomacy, secondly, the correspondence between the Russian ambassador and the Foreign Ministry contains a generally sober assessment of the political situation in Sweden and Norway, and the actions of Norwegian radicals are openly condemned by the former on the pages of his reports; at the same the difficult situation in which the Swedish–Norwegian king Oscar II found himself aroused sympathy, and the monarch’s position in the conflict – respect.

Complexity of best-evidenced practice in periodontal therapy: Views of Swedish Dental Hygienists.

Dental hygienists (DHs) have an important role in the treatment of patients with periodontitis. The objective of the current qualitative interview study was to gain understanding about personal and organizational factors that influence best-evidenced DH practice in the treatment of periodontitis. Data were obtained by interviewing Swedish DHs, who had been engaged in a preceding clinical field study on evidence-based periodontal therapy. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis. Data sampling was terminated after 18 interviews, when deemed that sufficient amount of information had been gained. In the analysis of the interview data, a main theme was identified as "I know what to do, but I do as I usually do; DHs' ambivalence between theory and practice in the treatment of patients with periodontitis." The results elucidated that the DHs were well aware of "what to do" in order to offer their patients adequate periodontal care, but this knowledge was not congruent with how they usually worked. Established routines and culture at the clinic, DHs' predetermined beliefs about lack of motivation and ability to cooperate among patients, lack of time and reflection, economic demands in care and lack of interest and support by co-working dentists were barriers to best-evidenced DH practice in periodontal care. The results elucidate the complexity of best-evidenced DH practice in the treatment of periodontal patients and indicate needs for quality improvement of the periodontal care provided in general dental practice, by actions taken on both individual/professional and organizational levels.

The current state of the problem of autism spectrum disorders — some biomedical and socio-humanitarian aspects

The review deals with modern factors of the etiology and pathogenesis of autism, which is part of the autism spectrum disorder complex, approaches to the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients, as well as social and humanitarian aspects of understanding this pathology as a phenomenon. Despite the fact that so far there is no single etiological concept of the development of autism, a sufficient amount of information has been accumulated that allows talking about genetic theory as one of the main causes of its occurrence. The functions of the main genes in which mutations can lead to the development of autism are examined in more detail, and its genomic architecture is established to be heterogeneous, that is, it is determined by polymorphism in several genes at once, and the disorder is aggravated when polymorphisms are combined with external risk factors. Some current aspects of the diagnosis of autism are outlined, including the main criteria a persistent lack of social communication and social interactions, limited, repetitive forms of behavior, speech impairment. The main diagnostic questionnaires and rating scales used for the more accurate diagnosis and verification of autism spectrum disorders are presented. When considering the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with autism and other disorders of the autism spectrum, it was concluded that integrated approach including various methods of psychological, pedagogical and medical correction, as well as social adaptation and integration is the most effective. Studies in the social sciences are presented that examine autism spectrum disorders within the framework of social constructivism, the role of the social context in identifying and treating autism is shown, as well as the impact of medical discourse on stigmatization and discrimination of the autistic community. The approaches to the conceptualization of autism in the framework of the theory and movement of neurodiversification, representing autism as a form of biological diversity that requires a positive identity of autistic people and the recognition of their differences by society, are highlighted.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ ЯК СКЛАДОВА СВІТОВОГО БІЗНЕС-ПРОСТОРУ: ДОСВІД СХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇН

The article explores the representation of managers regarding the management accounting information system at enterprises operating in Eastern Europe. The starting point was that accounting practices have the same tendency in most countries. The nature of the discrepancy in the interpretation of data obtained through the operation of this system between the "providers" of this data and the main users is studied. The factors that determine the subjectivity of the attitude to the initial data of the M.A.I.S. are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the perception of IMI among Hungarian, Romanian and Ukrainian managers. In order to present the results, the authors applied the elements of the D&M information system success model, the concept of perception influencing the assessment of the MIS, and the findings of similar studies in the EU countries concerned. To achieve the main goal of the study, the collection of necessary data was carried out in the form of an online questionnaire of a target group of workers at Ukrainian companies, which, in turn, operate in various regions, various sectors of the national economy, have different sources of financing and the amount of capital as a whole. In order to cover a sufficient amount of information provided in the work, the authors used the results of a similar study conducted by Romanian scientists in the EU countries represented. The results of the survey revealed a shift in the emphasis of demand for information in financial reports among representatives of management personnel towards traditional financial accounting. The wording of these conclusions is due to a pre-conducted cluster analysis of grouped data regarding M.A.I.S. users by factors that form their particular relationship to this system. An analysis of the perception of selected types of information has made it possible to identify those managers who use traditional, financial information and those who use more qualitative information for management processes. It should be noted that non-financial information is more useful in a dynamic environment or for companies implementing innovative concepts such as Just in Time and Total Quality Management. Keywords: management accounting, information system, management, cluster analysis, Eastern Europe.

Modern ideas about the effect of exogenous antioxidants on the growth of malignant tumors

This review analyzes the literature on the effects of certain drugs with antioxidant properties on the risk of developing malignant neoplasias, as well as on their growth and metastasis. Antioxidants are able to protect not only normal cells from the alterative effect of free radicals, but also tumor cells, thereby stimulating their survival and growth. There are data showing that in cells of certain malignant tumors, concentrations of endogenous antioxidant proteins are increasing. The synthesis of these proteins is determined by the cellular signaling pathway KEAP1/NRF2/ARE, it was revealed that oncogenes are involved in the regulation of this signaling pathway. The p53 protein, which activates apoptosis in diseased cells, can be inactivated by antioxidants, which in turn can stimulate the survival and growth of malignant tumor cells. Currently, there is a sufficient amount of information about the effect on tumor growth of certain drugs of various pharmacological groups with antioxidant properties, such as the widely used mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, antidiabetic drugs inhibitors of DPP4 (saxagliptin, sitagliptin), alpha lipoic acid used in the treatment of neuropathies of various origins, as well as vitamins A and E. development of malignant neoplasias in at-risk patients (smokers, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus ). As well as they can complicate the course of existing cancers.

Influence of the System MTF on the On-Board Lossless Compression of Hyperspectral Raw Data

A noticeable topic to be pursued in the field of on-board real-time data processing is the influence of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the image acquisition system on the lossless compressibility of raw (that is, uncalibrated) hyperspectral data. Actually, notwithstanding the system device is constrained by several design and manufacturing requirements, the impact of the on-board MTF on the performance of data compressors is becoming remarkable. In particular, the aim of reducing both transmission bandwidth/power and mass storage can be efficiently pursued. Such an analysis is expected to be useful especially for systems employed in mini-satellites, whose payload must be compact and light. From this perspective, this paper investigates the performance of a typical imaging system that acquires low/medium-spatial-resolution images, by considering high-resolution reference data, which simulate the real scene to be imaged. To this end, standard Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Aviris 2006 data have been chosen, due to their spatial resolution of 17 m, which is adequate to be a reference for simulated data whose spatial resolution is foreseen between 50 and 150 m. MTF requirements are usually provided based on the cut-off value of the amplitude at the Nyquist frequency, which is defined as a half of the sampling frequency. Typically, a cut-off value between 0 . 2 and 0 . 3 ensures that a sufficient amount of information is delivered from the scene to the acquired image, by avoiding at the same time the degradation due to an excessive aliasing distortion. All the scores are achieved by running the standard lossless compression scheme CCSDS 1.2.3.0-B-1 for multispectral/hyperspectral data, as a function of the cut-off value and different noise acquisition levels. The final results, and related plots, show that this analysis can suggest a suitable choice for the cut-off value, to ensure both a sufficient quality and low bit rates for the transmitted data to the ground station.

Construction of a model of strategic management of costs at the machine-building enterprise

The object of research is a system of strategic cost management at a machine-building enterprise. One of the most problematic places is building a model of strategic cost management, which is associated with modeling the processes of accounting and analytical support and the complexity of adapting cost management methods. Providing an integrated and systematic approach will help the company's management personnel to obtain a sufficient amount of information to manage both at the operational and strategic levels.The analysis of the current state of engineering in Ukraine is conducted on the example of a comprehensive analysis of the structure and dynamics of costs of LLC VEEM-Metallavtoprom (Lviv, Ukraine). This will help to find the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise regarding the cost formation strategy. By deciding at a strategic level (for example, changing technology), it is possible to immediately get rid of a large number of factors at the operational level (production, commercial cost object).In the course of the study, modeling of accounting and analytical support processes for strategic cost management of the enterprise under study is applied based on the implementation of an integrated approach with the following components: strategic accounting, strategic analysis, information support. In particular, strategic accounting as an element of accounting and analytical support will provide information on the state of the external and internal environment of the company; financial and non-financial indicators to make informed decisions. The use of strategic analysis will ensure the influence of factors on the company's strategy, its behavior in the market, the possibility of competing and positioning, as well as strategic performance.However, the introduction of the model at the machine-building enterprise under investigation is associated with insignificant financial, organizational costs, which will not always ensure its high efficiency in priory. Additional opportunities will be obtained by the investigated enterprise, using the advantages of strategic accounting, strategic analysis, and management approach:improving the level of automation;introduction of measures that will affect the improvement of the quality characteristics of products;use of advanced methods for planning, accounting;view the range of products;improving the organization of production and labor.

Synthesis, physico-chemical properties of 3-thio and 3-thio -4-amino derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole

Modern medicine and pharmacy has at its disposal highly efficient synthetic drugs. Large extent of these drugs accounted for derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole.
 The purpose of the work was an attempt to summarize the literature in recent years related to the methods of synthesis and study of physico-chemical properties 3-thio- and 3-thio-4-amino derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole.
 Studies national scientists in recent years indicates prospects of the search in this direction, since this class of organic compounds is interest not only to scientists pharmaceutical, medical and veterinary field, but also among researchers of engineering, metallurgical and agricultural areas. 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are also widely used in practice for optical materials, photosensitizers are used as coloring agents, antioxidants, additives for fuels and oils, some of which are widely used as corrosion inhibitors for controlling various pests in agriculture. In addition, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives belong to the class low toxic or essentially non-toxic substances.
 The presence of a growing number of publications about methods of synthesis, reactions, physico-chemical and biological properties of 1,2,4-triazole, inspires scientists around the world search for perspective molecules of substituted 1,2,4-triazole. It should be noted that in spite of a sufficient amount of information about the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole, some issues related to the generalization of data in the literature synthesis presented insufficient.

Density Functional Theory Descriptors for Ionic Liquids and the Charge-Transfer Interpretation of the Haven Ratio.

One of the few properties common to all ionic liquids is their inherent electrical conductivity, which makes them promising candidates for advanced electrochemical applications. A central finding in this respect is that the measured conductivity is almost always lower than the one obtained from the Nernst-Einstein relation. There has been much dispute about whether correlated motion, charge transfer, or some sort of aggregation is the reason for this difference. In this work, we apply density functional theory-based descriptors to estimate the charge transfer in ionic liquids, which allow predictions for a large number of systems with minimal effort. The theoretical charge transfer was obtained from vertical ionization potentials and electron affinities at the RB3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//RB3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. To be able to compare and classify the values obtained with this approach, another measure for charge transfer, available directly from the Nernst-Einstein relation, is introduced. The two quantities show significant correlation for some subsets of ionic liquids for which a sufficient amount of information is available. Additionally, the purely theoretical charge-transfer values allow for identifying interesting systems that should be the subject of further investigation.

A webpage content of the department of microbiology and use for students training

The Internet is the best means of transporting information. It provides instant and full access to the world knowledge and transportation of information.
 Almost all educational institutions, research institutions have their own sites, which are constantly replenished with information. Network resources can greatly supplement the list of materials that students can use for training and self-training for practical classes. Purpose: to familiarize with the experience of informative filling of the web page of the Department of Microbiology. The purpose of the work is to familiarize with the experience of informative filling of the web page of the Department of Microbiology. Informative content of the site of the Department of Microbiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya is posted in three languages: Ukrainian, English and Russian, twice a year before the beginning of each semester: the calendar plans of lectures and practical classes, time-table of practical classes and lectures, time-table of consultations and working out of missed classes are changing. The information on the website is provided during the year as necessary. All information of the department page is divided into the following sections: news of the department, information about the staff of the department and basic information to the student for the convenient use by students in training for practical classes and workouts of missed classes. The site contains information about the exams for students who complete the studies at the department. The work on improving the web site of the Department of Microbiology and the systematization of data is constantly being carried out. During the year, it is planned to create units with information about dissertations, titles of articles and abstracts of the department staff, information on participation of staff in scientific conferences and congresses. The website of the Department of Microbiology presents a sufficient amount of information for use by students in training and search for practical classes.

Lithium Battery Transient Response as a Diagnostic Tool

Lithium batteries are currently used as the main energy storage for electronic devices. Progress in the field of portable electronic devices is significantly determined by the improvement of their weight/dimensional characteristics and specific capacity. In addition to the high reliability required of lithium batteries, in some critical applications proper diagnostics are required. Corresponding techniques allow prediction and prevention of operation interruption and avoidance of expensive battery replacement, and also provide additional benefits. Many effective diagnostic methods have been suggested; however, most of them require expensive experimental equipment, as well as interruption or strong perturbation of the operating mode. In the framework of this investigation, a simple diagnostic method based on analysis of transient processes is proposed. The transient response is considered as a reaction to an applied load variation that typically corresponds to normal operating conditions for most real applications. The transient response contains the same information as the impedance characteristic for the system operating in linear mode. Taking into account the large number of publications describing the impedance response associated with diagnostic methods, it can be assumed that the transient response contains a sufficient amount of information for creation of effective diagnostic systems. The proposed experimental installation is based on a controlled load, providing current variation, measuring equipment, and data processing electronics. It is proposed to use the second exponent parameters U2 and β to estimate the state of charge for secondary lithium batteries. The proposed method improves the accuracy and reliability of a set of quantitative parameters associated with electrochemical energy sources.

Perceptions on item disclosure for the Korean medical licensing examination

This study analyzed the perceptions of medical students and faculty regarding disclosure of test items on the Korean medical licensing examination. I conducted a survey of medical students from medical colleges and professional medical schools nationwide. Responses were analyzed from 718 participants as well as 69 faculty members who participated in creating the medical licensing examination item sets. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. It is important to maintain test quality and to keep the test items unavailable to the public. There are also concerns among students that disclosure of test items would prompt increasing difficulty of test items (48.3%). Further, few students found it desirable to disclose test items regardless of any considerations (28.5%). The professors, who had experience in designing the test items, also expressed their opposition to test item disclosure (60.9%). It is desirable not to disclose the test items of the Korean medical licensing examination to the public on the condition that students are provided with a sufficient amount of information regarding the examination. This is so that the exam can appropriately identify candidates with the required qualifications.

Cognitive Authentication and Narrative Passwords

The need for secure and usable cognitive password systems has been recognized for many years. While graphical passwords present one promising approach, this study focuses on the use of short stories to create “narrative passwords”. Users are presented with a flash fiction (<1000 words) that contains interchangeable elements randomly selected for their story. These elements form the password to be remembered later, while the remainder of the story serves as a memory context to create a strong binding of the items in memory. The results of an initial pilot study using narrative passwords show that participants can retain a sufficient amount of information over a period greater than a week. The system itself acts as a memory cue, such that recognition memory performance has the potential to increase over time.