Succinic Acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide Research Articles

Cottonseed yield and its quality as affected by mineral nutrients and plant growth retardants

AbstractSeed quality is one of the most important factors for stand establishment in cotton (Gossypium sp.), and the use of good quality seeds is therefore essential to obtain an optimum plant population. Conditions prevailing during seed formation can affect the quality of seed produced, and hence crop establishment in the next growing season. These conditions can affect the germination of the seeds and the ability of the seedlings to emerge from soil, these being the most critical stages during the life cycle of cotton plant. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), foliar application of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca), the use of plant growth retardants (PGR’s) [e.g. 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride (MC); 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CC); or succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH)], during square initiation and boll setting stage, on growth, seed yield, seed viability, and seedling vigor of cotton.

Inhibition of spinach bolting by growth regulators

Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) plants must be harvested during a short period of time because they bolt just after producing some edible leaves. Maleic hydrazide (MH) and its commercial preparation "Antyrost" were found to inhibit bolting very strongly. The preparation Off-shoot-O showed very weak activity in suppressing bolting but diminished markedly the resistance of spinach plants to fungus diseases. Triiodobenzoic acid stimulated bolting, and the retardant succinic acid-2-2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) did not affect bolting. Application of MH to inhibit spinach bolting cannot be recommended in practice before investigating the residues of this compound in leaves.

Direct and residual effects of plant nutrition’s and plant growth retardants, on cottonseed

Seed quality is one of the most important factors for stand establishment in cotton (Gossypium Sp.), and the use of good-quality seeds is therefore essential to obtain an optimum plant population. Conditions prevailing during seed formation can affect the quality of seed produced, and hence crop establishment in the next growing season. These conditions can affect the germination of the seeds and the ability of the seedlings to emerge from soil. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), foliar application of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca), and the use of plant growth retardants (PGR) [e.g., 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride (MC); 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CC); or succinic acid 2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH)], during square initiation and boll setting stage, on growth, seed yield, seed viability, and seedling vigor of Egyptian cotton (G. barbadense). Dry matter yield, total chlorophyll concentration, K, Zn and P-uptake plant-1, were increased with the addition of K, foliar application of Zn, and different concentrations of P (576-1728 g·ha-1 of P). Seed yield plant-1 and plot-1, seed weight, seed viability, seedling vigor, and cool germination test performance increased as a result of the addition of the high N-rate (142.8 kg·ha-1 N), the high P-rate (74 kg·ha-1 P2O5), K (47 kg·ha-1 K), and from application of Zn, and Ca and the PGR. From the findings of the present study, band application of such treatments showed improved cotton-seed yield and affected the quality of seed produced, and hence crop establishment in the next growing season.

Effects of growth retardant application on grape quality of « Mavrodafni » grapevine variety

<p style="text-align: justify;">The effects of bloom applications of 2-Chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) on fruit quality of Mavrodafni wine grape variety were studied. Over the vegetative period of 2000, sprays of 500 or 1 000 mg/l CCC and 3 000 or 6 000 mg/l SADH were applied, two weeks before bloom or at 20 p. cent of bloom in a completely randomized experimental design, replicated 10 times. Bunch and berry characteristics, berry composition, and phenolic maturity were measured at harvest. There were no differences between the two days of application. Berry number per bunch and per cm of rachis length, were increased by CCC 1 000 mg/l and SADH 6 000 mg/l treatments. Berry weight was decreased by all treatments with a greater reduction in CCC 1 000 mg/l treatment. Soluble solids were reduced by SADH treatment with a greater reduction in 6 000 mg/l of SADH and increased by CCC treatments at both concentrations. Anthocyanin concentration and extractability were increased in CCC at 1 000 mg/l treatments, while the extractability of grains tannins was reduced. A strong decrease of bud fertility was observed in 6 000 mg/l of SADH.</p>

ブドウ‘巨峰’の結実と小花中の内生植物ホルモンとの関係

The effects of dipping flower clusters before bloom in solutions of various plant growth regulators (GR) on the setting of parthenocarpic and seeded berries in 'Kyoho' grape were studied. The effects of a) dipping immature rachis in 2, 500 ppm succinic acid-2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH) and b) severe winter pruning on the content of endogenous plant growth substances in florets were also examined. The 'Kyoho' vines were trained to a vertical espalier and the pergola trellis systems.1. Dipping flower clusters in plant growth retardants, ((2-chloro-ethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) (CCC) and SADH significantly increased the set of seeded berries as compared to the control clusters. Among different dosages of GR, 2, 500 ppm SADH was most effective, independent of the training system; applications of growth promoters were ineffective in setting seeded berries. SADH also increased the number of seeds per berry, especially on vines trained to an espalier system.2. Severe pruning resulted in a high percentage set of seedless berries.3. An application of SADH decreased gibberellin (GA) and increased abscisic acid (ABA) contents in florets. Contrarily, severe pruning resulted in a rapid increase in GA level at bloom and a decrease in ABA content. The amount of cytokinins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in florets also changed with these treatments. The amount of cytokinins increased with SADH treatment, but the relationship between the setting of seeded berries and the level of cytokinins and IAA in florets could not be established.These results suggest that poor berry setting in 'Kyoho' can not be explained by the theory of nutritional competition between cluster development and shoot growth. That endogenous plant growth substances, especially GA and ABA, in the florets are closely associated with the setting of seeded berries became evident in this study.

Comparison of Lodging Safety Factor of Untreated and Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide-Treated Shoots of Mulberry Tree

This study examined the lodging resistance of mulberry tree (Morus bombycis Koidz. cv Kenmochi) shoots treated or not treated with succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH). The lodging safety factor, an indicator of lodging resistance, was defined as the ratio of critical lodging load to the leaf fresh weight observed, provided that the distribution of the critical lodging load along the stem was similar to that of the leaf fresh weight observed. The critical lodging load was experimentally estimated by loading weights onto the stems. In the untreated trees, the lodging safety factor was maintained at about 3.2. In the SADH-treated trees, the stem elongation was inhibited to about 80% of that in the untreated trees, and the percentage of shoot dry matter partitioned into the leaves was always larger than that of the untreated trees. This dwarfing of the stem caused by SADH increased the critical lodging load supported by the unit stem dry weight, while this large investment of materials in leaves increased the leaf fresh weight supported by the unit stem dry weight. Since the increments canceled each other, the lodging safety factor of the SADH-treated shoots was similar to that of the untreated ones. These results suggest that the shoot formation of the mulberry tree is controlled to maintain the lodging safety factor at a constant level.

ブドウ‘巨峰’における1年枝の強さ, GA及びSADH葉面散布が側芽の壊死に及ぼす影響

In order to make clear the cause of necrosis occurring in lateral buds in grapevines and its control measure, the effects of shoot vigor on the occurrence of bud necrosis, and also on the bud sprouting and the cluster development in the next spring were examined in a necrosis-sensitive cultivar, ‘Kyoho’. Further, the effects of foliar application of GA (gibberellic acid) and SADH (succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) before or after full bloom on the shoot growth and the occurrence of bud necrosis were studied in the same cultivar.Each lateral bud on a shoot consisted of a central bud and mostly two additional axillary buds in the cultivar, and the central bud deterioration was found in about 80% of the lateral buds at the nodes from the 6th to the 20th in the strong shoots (average length: 390cm) of a vigorous‘Kyoho’vine. On the other hand, only about 20% of them suffered from the necrosis in the weak shoots (average length: 88cm) of a moderately growing vine. When the data of the strong and weak shoots in both vines were combined, highly significant correlation (r=0.77**) was found between the shoot length and the percentage of the necrotic lateral buds below the 15th node. Further, when the strong (long) shoots were used as fruiting canes, they tended to show the lower rate of sprouting, the smaller number of florets per cluster and the shorter length of cluster.The spraying of GA solution at 100ppm against the leaves (from the 5th to the 9th) 9 days before or 7 days after full bloom remarkably acceralated the occurrence of the necrosis in the central buds of the lateral buds located at the wide range of nodes from the 1st to the 25th. Also, the number of axillary buds per lateral bud was extraordinarily increased by both treatments. Shoot growth, especially above the 10th node, was promoted more effectively by the prebloom application than the postbloom one.When the SADH solution was sprayed at 5, 000ppm against the leaves (from the 5th to the 9th) 14 days before or 10 days after full bloom, both of the treatments, particularly the prebloom application, significantly depressed the growth of internodes from the 10th to the 25th, and the occurrence of the necrotic buds at the wide range of nodes under the 25th.From these results, a close relationship is estimated between the occurrence of necrotic buds in the grape shoots and the level of endogenous GA in the buds, and it can be said that the foliar application of SADH before full bloom is very effective for controlling the necrosis.

Growth Regulator Effects on the Market Quality of Five Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars1

Abstract The growth regulator succinic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) was applied to the foliage of five virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in 1980, 1981, and 1982 in Martin County, North Carolina, and Suffolk, Virginia. Treated and untreated peanuts at each location were harvested on two dates each year. Market grade, yield, and value/ha evaluations were made on the cultivars Florigiant, NC 6, NC 7, VA 81B, and NC 8C. Yield and value/ha within each cultivar were statistically different across years and locations. The growth regulator significantly reduced the percentage of fancy pods for all cultivars except VA 81B while significantly increasing the percentage of extra large kernels for all cultivars except NC 8C. The percentage of total kernels was not affected with Florigiant or NC 7, but significant reductions were observed with growth regulator application to NC 6, VA 81B, and NC 8C. The yield and value/ha of Florigiant and NC 6 increased significantly with growth regulator applications. Yield/ha of NC 7 increased with growth regulator application but was not statistically different; however, the NC 7 value/ha increased significantly. Growth regulator applications on NC 8C and VA 81B affected neither yield nor value/ha. Thus, applications of the growth regulator SADH can be a beneficial peanut production practice for some cultivars; however, the response within cultivars was inconsistent across years and locations.

Effects of growth regulators on mineral nutrition of tomato

Abstract This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on mineral nutrition of the tomato plant (Lyeopersieon esaulentum Mill. cv. Miguel Pereira). To study the influence on mineral nutrition, (2‐chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) , at concentration of 2,000 ppm, succinic acid‐2, 2‐dimethylhydrazide (SADH) (4,000 ppm), gibberellic acid (GA) (100 ppm), (2‐chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (CEPA) (200 ppm), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) (100 ppm) and 6‐furfurylamino purine (FAP) (500 ppm) were applied. Higher levels of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium occurred in the stem of plants sprayed with CCC. Treatments with FAP, SADH and CEPA caused an increase in nitrogen level in the stem. CEPA also increased calcium content in stems. These growth regulators did not alter the levels of macronutrients in the leaves in relation to control.

Desenvolvimento e produtividade do tomateiro cultivar santa cruz sob ação de retardadores de crescimento aplicados em plântulas

No presente trabalho, foi estudado, em condições de casa de vegetação, o efeito dos reguladores vegetais cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC), ácido succínico - 2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) e ácido (2-cloroetil) fosfônico (CEPA), aplicados em plintulas, na produtividade do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esoulentum cv. Santa Cruz). O ensaio constou de sete tratamentos com dez repetições , inteiramente casualizados. Os tratamentos utilizados foram CCC em aplicação única e dupla na concentração de 1000 ppm; SADH em aplicação única e dupla na dosagem de 3000 ppm; CEPA em aplicação única e dupla na concentração de 300 ppm, além do controle. A primeira aplicação dos reguladores vegetais foi realizada 12 dias após o transplante e a segunda 20 dias. Para efeito de avaliação, foram determinadas a altura e diâmetro da planta, peso total e médio dos frutos, número de frutos e classificação dos mesmos. Foram efetuadas determinações de altura em quatro épocas diferentes e diâmetro em três. As mensurações, para todos tratamentos, foram realizadas 12, 23, 27 e 32 dias após o transplante, sendo que na primeira data somente a altura foi avaliada. Para a observação do florescimento foram realizadas contagens diárias, num período de 34 a 47 dias após o transplante, do número de flores abertas. Para análise de produção foram efetuadas sete solheitas aos 75, 82, 85, 89, 92, 98 e 106 dias após o transplante. Pela análise estatística dos dados pode-se concluir, para as condições do ensaio, que a aplicação dos reguladores vegetais não afetou a produção média e total dos frutos e a classificação desses, sendo que o tratamento SADH, aplicado duas vezes, reduziu o número de frutos em relação ao controle. O tratamento CEPA dose única, tendeu elevar a produção média e total dos frutos em relação ao controle. Para as condições do experimento, pode-se observar que todos reguladores vegetais reduziram significativamente a altura em relação ao controle, a partir da segunda data de coleta de dados, uma vez que a primeira foi realizada no sentido de observar a uniformidade na altura dos tratamentos. Quanto ao diâmetro, observou-se que o tratamento CCC, em dose dupla, reduziu significativamente este parâmetro com relação ao controle, uma semana após a primeira aplicação dos reguladores, o mesmo ocorrendo para o tratamento CCC, em dose única, após vinte dias.

Desenvolvimento e frutificação do tomateiro sob efeito de retardadores de crescimento aplicados em plântulas

No presente trabalho, foi estudado, em condições de campo, o efeito dos reguladores vegetais cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC) e ácido succínico - 2,2 - dimetilhidrazida (SADH), aplicados em plantulas, na produtividade do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentun Mill. cv. Angela). O ensaio constou de dez tratamentos com sete repetições, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos utilizados foram CCC em aplicação única na concentração de 500 e 1000 ppm e em duas aplicações nas concentrações de 500, 1000 e 1500 ppm; SADH em aplicação única na concentração de 3000 ppm e duas aplicações de 2000, 2500 e 3000 ppm, além do controle. A primeira aplicação dos reguladores vegetais foi realizada 10 dias após o transplante e a segunda 19 dias após o transplante. Para efeito de avaliação foram determinadas a altura e diâmetro da planta, peso total e médio dos frutos, número de frutos e classificação dos mesmos. Foram efetuadas determinações de altura e diâmetro em duas épocas diferentes. Plantas tratadas com CCC foram mensuradas 35 e 58 dias após o transplante; plantas tratadas com SADH foram mensuradas e 58 dias após o transplante. Para análise da produção, foram efetuadas cinco colheitas aos 90, 97, 104, 112 e 116 dias após a semeadura. Pela análise estatística dos da dos, pode-se concluir, para as condições do experimento, que a aplicação dos reguladores não teve influência sobre o número e qualidade dos frutos mas afetou os dados de altura e diâmetro das plantas, além da produção. Para as condições do ensaio, o tratamento com SADH 3000 ppm foi mais eficiente na redução da altura e diâmetro, nos primeiros 34 dias após a sua aplicação, sendo que, aplicação de SADH 2000 ppm (2x) também reduziu o diâmetro das plantas tratadas, para esta mesma época, quando comparado ao controle. CCC na concentração de 15OO ppm (2x) foi mais eficiente na redução da altura em relação ao controle. Tratamento com CCC 1000 ppm (2x) aumentou significativamente a produção dos tomateiros, em relação ao tratamento com CCC 500 ppm, sendo que, o primeiro tendeu a mostrar maior produção comparado aos demais tratamentos uti1izados.

トマトの乱形果発生に及ぼす植物生長調節物質の影響

Low temperature-induced fruit malformation in tomato was studied from plant hormonal view point. Treatment of TIBA (2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid) and NAP (sodium N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid), auxin-transport inhibitors, increased locule numbers and induced severe malformation including catfaced and strawberry fruits with ovary splits, and oblate and fasciated fruits. Bendroquinone (2-benzimidoyl-3-hydroxyl-1, 4-napthoquinone), which is considered to have the similar action mechanism to TIBA and NPA, also showed the same effects. Auxins, PCPA (p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2, 4, 5-T (2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) reduced oblate and triangular types of malformation by decreasing locule numbers. Gibberellin (GA3) inducey ovary split but CCC [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] and SADH (succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide), which are considered to inhibit gibberellin synthesis, could not reduce low temperature-induced fruit malformation.

Efeitos de reguladores vegetais na produtividade do tomateiro

Estudaram-se em condições de casa de vegetação, os efeitos de reguladores vegetais no peso, número e peso médio dos frutos de tomateiro (Lycopersiaon esculentun Mill.). Cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC) 1.000 ppm e ácido succínico-2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) 2.000 ppm foram aplicados antes da abertura floral e duas semanas depois, ácido 3-clorofenoxipropiônico (Fruitone-CPA) 50 ppm pulverizado 4 semanas após a antese das primeiras flores e ácido N-acetil tiazolidin-4-carboxílico com ácido fólico (Ergostim) 0,75 ml/l aplicado durante a antese das primeiras flores dos 3 cachos. Observou-se que o SADH reduziu o peso, número e peso médio dos frutos de tomateiro, Ergostim diminuiu o peso total e o peso médio dos frutos produzidos. Aplicação de Fruitone-CPA mostrou uma tendência de aumentar o peso total e o número de frutos, colhidos.

Growth-regulator effect on New Guinea Impatiens hybrids

New Guinea Impatiens hybrids ‘Morning Star’, ‘Arctic Star’, ‘Pink Eyes’ and ‘Star Fire’ were tested for their response to (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat, CCC), α-cyclopropyl, α-4-methoxypropyl, α-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol, EL531) and succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH). Treatments included the concentrations recommended for other bedding-plants plus extremely high concentrations, and were applied as a soil drench or a spray, with or without a surfactant. Results indicated highly significant cultivar × chemical interactions, which precludes the making of specific recommendations that would apply to all cultivars. Of the chemicals tested, ancymidol generally showed the largest and most stable effect. Where height was reduced, the reduction was usually less than 10% of total height. Because genetically controlled height variation in these Impatiens is much greater, breeding for the desired plant height should be more economical than chemical modification.

Teores de carboidratos em plântulas de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. 'IAC-17') sob ação de reguladores vegetais

Estudaram-se os efeitos da aplicação de reguladores de crescimento no peso da matéria seca, conteúdo de água, carboidratos solúveis e açúcares redutores em plantas de algodoeiro. Para se verificar a ação dos fitoreguladores, sementes de algodoeiro foram imersas durante 22 horas em soluções aquosas de cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC) na concentração de 2000 ppm, ácido succínico -2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) 4000 ppm, ácido giberélico (GA) 100 ppm, ácido indolilacético (IAA) 100 ppm e água como controle. CCC 2000 ppm reduziu o peso da matéria seca e aumentou o conteúdo de água nas folhas das plântulas de algodoeiro. Este retardador de crescimento reduziu o teor de carboidratos solúveis totais nas folhas das plantas tratadas. Ácido giberélico 100 ppm promoveu aumentos nos níveis de açúcares redutores totais nas plantas e o IAA 100 ppm reduziu o teor de açúcares redutores. carboidratos solúveis totais nas folhas das plantas tratadas. Ácido giberelico 100 ppm promoveu aumentos nos níveis de açúcares redutores totais nas plantas e o IAA 100 ppm reduziu o teor de açúcares redutores.

In vitro studies of controlling tomato puffiness enhanced by temperature, nitrogen source and sucrose concetration

Tomato puffiness, which occurs after auxin spray under field conditions, was investigated by using the in vitro fruit-culture technique. Tomato flowers were cultured in different media or at different temperatures for 3 days, to induce parthenocarpy, with 2-hydroxymethyl, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (HCPA) and then parthenocarpic fruits were transferred to media free of HCPA. The higher the temperature during induction of parthenocarpy, the higher the degree of puffiness. Puffiness enhanced at 30°C was corrected by succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), which lowered the auxin level. High ratio of NO 3-N : NH 4-N in the medium increased the degree of puffiness. Puffiness was enhanced in the medium with NO 3-N alone as the nitrogen source was corrected by (SADH) and by [2-chloroethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (CCC). Different nitrogen levels with a constant ratio of NO 3-N to NH 4-N did not affect the degree of puffiness. High concentrations of sucrose (6 and 8%) in the medium considerably increased the degree of puffiness, but this could also be corrected by CCC and SADH.

Foliar Penetration of Succinic Acid‐2,2‐dimethylhydrazide: Mechanism and Rate Limiting Step

The foliar penetration of succinic acid‐2,2‐dimethylhydrazide (SADH) into primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Blue Lake) was studied using detached leaves and a leaf disc method. SADH penetration was linear with time and directly related to concentration and the fraction of non‐ionized SADH molecules in the treating solution. The addition of a surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, increasing temperature and light enhanced penetration. Surfactant and light enhanced penetration are discussed in relation to increased wetting and area of contact over guard and accessory cells and the greater permeability of the cuticular ledges in open than in closed stomata. Evidence is presented that foliar penetration of SADH takes place by diffusion controlled by the cuticular membrane. Metabolic processes were not rate limiting.

Levels of Sorbitol in Bleeding Sap and in Xylem Sap in Relation to Leaf Mass and Assimilate Demand in Apple Trees

AbstractRemoval of fruits and treatment with SADH (succinic acid 2,2‐dimethylhydrazide) were used to change the balance between sources and sinks for photosynthates in Malus domestica‘Golden Delicious’. Sorbitol and sugar content were measured in bleeding sap, in xylem sap prepared by suction, and in 80% methanol extracts of the roots. Concentration as well as total amount of sorbitol in bleeding sap sampled in July and September were lower in fruiting than in defruited trees, and so was the total amount of sorbitol in xylem sap from the trunk. SADH treatment tended to reduce the sorbitol content. Sorbitol in root extracts, expressed as percentage of methanol (80%) insoluble root dry matter, was highest in fruiting trees; but root dry matter was here less than half of that in defruited trees. Sorbitol content in xylem sap as well as sorbitol + sugar percentage of roots showed a distinct maximum in late winter followed by a heavy decrease during spring. It is suggested that sorbitol in xylem sap during the growth season represents a return transport from the roots, and that the level of sorbitol in this return transport reflects, to a certain degree, the ratio between leaf area and assimilate demand by the tree.

Influence of Six Plant Growth Regulators on Spanish Peanuts1

AbstractPlant growth regulators show considerable promise for use in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Comet’). However, new materials need to be evaluated. The influence of soil moisture on peanut response to SADH (succinic acid, 2,2‐dimethyl hydrazide) was examined in a growth chamber. Effects of SADH, PP 528 (ethyl 5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐y‐lacetate), FMC 28979 (2‐chloro‐3‐(3‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)propionitrile), mefluidide (N‐[2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]‐amino]‐phenylacetamide). TIBA (2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid) and TD 6817 (chemistry not released) were also evaluated in the field. SADH reduced plant size of peanuts grown under the wet regimes but not under dry conditions. Average peanut leaf area was not affected by SADH. However, SADH did increase the root weight in both wet and dry conditions in the growth chamber. Peanut yields were not increased by SADH in any of the 3 years in the field. No plant growth regulators used at any rate at any growth stage significantly increased peanut yield. The reduction of plant size by SADH might be significant to irrigated peanuts or in high rainfall areas where rotting of peanut vines may take place.

Influence of GA and SADH on Naptalam Uptake by Wheat and Soybean Seedlings

The uptake of naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) by wheat (Triticum vulgareL. ‘Mericopa’) and soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘York’) was enhanced when the herbicide was applied simultaneously with SADH (succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide). Both root and shoot systems of growth regulator-treated plants exhibited enhanced herbicide uptake. Naptalam uptake by wheat seedlings was also stimulated by GA (gibberellic acid), but the GA influence in this respect was less dramatic than that of SADH. The uptake of the herbicide by soybean was not influenced by GA.