Succinct Format Research Articles

Advancements in Text Summarization Through Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Survey and Analysis

Due to the extensive amount of text available for any given task, for instance, a research project, it has become a need to have the gist of these documents in a succinct format. In this review paper, we discussed various methods used for single and multi-document summarization. It explores extractive, abstractive, and hybrid methods, along with the role of deep learning models like RNNs, CNNs, and transformers. The survey examines datasets, evaluation metrics, recent advancements, and future scopes in this field. A comparative analysis of methodologies and approaches is also presented.

Shifting from SOAP Notes to Consult Notes for Clinical Documentation by Pharmacy Students

Objective. Clinical documentation is an important element of patient care that pharmacy students traditionally learn through subjective-objective-assessment-plan (SOAP) notes. In clinical practice, pharmacists often document more succinctly, both in length and time, using formats such as consult notes. The objective of this study was to assess consult note assignments for third-year pharmacy (P3) students.Methods. Consult note assignments were implemented in a P3 skills laboratory course by converting SOAP notes to consult notes. The series began with an introduction and a practice consult note. Four graded notes were then completed throughout the semester, whereby the time allotted for writing decreased throughout the semester. To assess the series, grades and estimated time to completion were collected for each graded note. A survey given before and after the course assessed student self-confidence in overall documentation, specific elements of consult notes, and concerns related to writing. Friedman tests were used to compare grades and times. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare self-assessments.Results. The median grades on the four consult notes were 92%, 88%, 80%, and 90%. Median times for completing each note were 75 minutes, 120 minutes, 60 minutes, and 60 minutes. Students' self-confidence in writing consult notes significantly increased, as did five of the six individual elements.Conclusion. The consult note assignments allowed students to practice documenting patient care in a succinct format with consideration for time efficiency. Further work should evaluate best pedagogies for teaching documentation skills and assess the impact on performance during advanced pharmacy practice experiences.

TIPSHEETS FOR TEACHING GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES IN AN ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: FACULTY SUPPORT THAT IS ACCESSIBLE, CURRENT, RELEVANT, AND TANGIBLE

Evidence-based teaching strategies (EBTs) are connected to positive outcomes for students. Engineering instructors are tasked with using EBTs to scaffold student mastery of graduate attributes, now amidstan upsurge in online, remote course delivery. The Graduate Attribute Tipsheet Series developed by theFaculty of Engineering at the University of Alberta provides instructors with current, relevant, and tangibleinformation in a succinct format that is mindful of their high workloads and time constraints. The tipsheet less-is more development process was careful and iterative to ensure only the most important, useful points from high quality, credible sources were included. Lessons learned from this initiative can be applied to future resources that support instructors in their use of EBTs in an online learning context and are responsive to the inevitable flux of teaching circumstances in engineering education.

Does tactile image have to be tactual?

This article is an analysis of educational assistive technologies that support learners with visual impairments in access to and interaction with graphics for mathematics and related academic areas. We will focus on options for students who require non-visual displays accessed via different remaining senses. Images, diagrams, tables or graphs constitute a significant portion of contemporary math textbooks students work with in schools (Dias et al., 2010; Edman, 1992). They convey information in a more succinct format or illustrate concepts that need a graphical presentation. Options available to put the students with visual impairments on a par with their sighted peers when it comes to creating and interacting with non-visual graphics will be listed and discussed. What has been thought of touch-only information delivery format, has been gaining a new interaction and exploration modality. We will propose a classification of non-visual graphics and how these different propositions impact the didactic process.

P101: The development of entrustable professional activity reference cards to support the implementation of Competence by Design in emergency medicine

Innovation Concept: Competence by Design (CBD) was implemented nationally for Emergency Medicine (EM) residents beginning training in 2018. One challenge is the need to introduce residents to Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) that are assessed across numerous clinical rotations. The Royal College's resources detail these requirements, but do not map them to specific rotations or present them in a succinct format. This is problematic as trainees are less likely to succeed when expectations are unclear. We identified a need to create practical resources that residents can use at the bedside. Methods: We followed an intervention mapping framework to design two practical, user-friendly, low-cost, aesthetically pleasing resources that could be used by residents and observers at the bedside to facilitate competency-based assessment. Curriculum, Tool or Material: First, we designed a set of rotation- and stage-specific EPA reference cards for the use of residents and observers at the bedside. These cards list EPAs and clinical presentations likely to be encountered during various stages of training and on certain rotations. Second, we developed a curriculum board to organize the EPA reference cards by stage based upon our program's curriculum map. The curriculum board allows residents to view the program's curriculum map and the EPAs associated with each clinical rotation at a glance. It also contains hooks to hang and store extra cards in an organized manner. Conclusion: We believe that these practical and inexpensive tools facilitated our residency program's transition to competency-based EPA assessments. Anecdotally, the residents are using the cards and completing the suggested rotation-specific EPAs. We hope that the reference cards and curriculum board will be successfully incorporated into other residency programs to facilitate the introduction of their EPA-based CBD assessment system.

Modeling and validating HL7 FHIR profiles using semantic web Shape Expressions (ShEx)

BackgroundHL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is an emerging open standard for the exchange of electronic healthcare information. FHIR resources are defined in a specialized modeling language. FHIR instances can currently be represented in either XML or JSON. The FHIR and Semantic Web communities are developing a third FHIR instance representation format in Resource Description Framework (RDF). Shape Expressions (ShEx), a formal RDF data constraint language, is a candidate for describing and validating the FHIR RDF representation. ObjectiveCreate a FHIR to ShEx model transformation and assess its ability to describe and validate FHIR RDF data. MethodsWe created the methods and tools that generate the ShEx schemas modeling the FHIR to RDF specification being developed by HL7 ITS/W3C RDF Task Force, and evaluated the applicability of ShEx in the description and validation of FHIR to RDF transformations. ResultsThe ShEx models contributed significantly to workgroup consensus. Algorithmic transformations from the FHIR model to ShEx schemas and FHIR example data to RDF transformations were incorporated into the FHIR build process. ShEx schemas representing 109 FHIR resources were used to validate 511 FHIR RDF data examples from the Standards for Trial Use (STU 3) Ballot version. We were able to uncover unresolved issues in the FHIR to RDF specification and detect 10 types of errors and root causes in the actual implementation. The FHIR ShEx representations have been included in the official FHIR web pages for the STU 3 Ballot version since September 2016. DiscussionShEx can be used to define and validate the syntax of a FHIR resource, which is complementary to the use of RDF Schema (RDFS) and Web Ontology Language (OWL) for semantic validation. ConclusionShEx proved useful for describing a standard model of FHIR RDF data. The combination of a formal model and a succinct format enabled comprehensive review and automated validation.

A Review, Outlook, and Insight, of the Properties and Characteristics of Callistemon Citrinus

Callistemon citrinus, an invasive plant species that's native to Australia, is known for its uses by traditional healers in herbal medicinal formulations. Although the use of this plant species in alternative medicine strategies is varied, and well reported in the literature, there isn't enough information in a succinct format that can be accessed by the public, in general. Furthermore, very little information is accessible on the epidermal appendages found in this species of Callistemon. Therefore, in this paper, what's known and isn't about this plant species is being provided. Also, few observations on the epidermal appendages of C. citrinus is given as a means to compare it's morphology with its function.

Transport phenomena and the effects of reactor geometry for epitaxial GaN growth in a vertical MOCVD reactor

In this study a numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the transport phenomena in a vertical type metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor for Gallium Nitride (GaN) growth. The simulated results were compared and validated by experiment. The effects of showerhead design and chamber height are investigated and discussed. It was found that, by properly adjusting the height of the chamber, both the growth rate and film uniformity could be significantly improved. This is attributed to the suppression of the thermal and mass transfer boundary layers by the injection flow of reacting gas mixtures, as well as the confined vertical vortices caused by the geometry of the reduced space. However, inappropriate design of the distance between the showerhead and the susceptor can result in uneven distribution of the organic source in the vicinity of the substrate surface resulting in an uneven growth rate of the GaN film. Consequently, there exists an optimal chamber height that will give the best growth rate and uniformity to the GaN film as discussed in this study. This study provides comprehensive insight into the transport phenomena of GaN growth that includes coupled heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reactions. The results provide important information in a succinct format and enable decisions to be made about the showerhead and the geometrical design and size of a vertical MOCVD reactor.

Greedy column subset selection for large-scale data sets

In today’s information systems, the availability of massive amounts of data necessitates the development of fast and accurate algorithms to summarize these data and represent them in a succinct format. One crucial problem in big data analytics is the selection of representative instances from large and massively distributed data, which is formally known as the Column Subset Selection problem. The solution to this problem enables data analysts to understand the insights of the data and explore its hidden structure. The selected instances can also be used for data preprocessing tasks such as learning a low-dimensional embedding of the data points or computing a low-rank approximation of the corresponding matrix. This paper presents a fast and accurate greedy algorithm for large-scale column subset selection. The algorithm minimizes an objective function, which measures the reconstruction error of the data matrix based on the subset of selected columns. The paper first presents a centralized greedy algorithm for column subset selection, which depends on a novel recursive formula for calculating the reconstruction error of the data matrix. The paper then presents a MapReduce algorithm, which selects a few representative columns from a matrix whose columns are massively distributed across several commodity machines. The algorithm first learns a concise representation of all columns using random projection, and it then solves a generalized column subset selection problem at each machine in which a subset of columns are selected from the sub-matrix on that machine such that the reconstruction error of the concise representation is minimized. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm through an empirical evaluation on benchmark data sets.

Pearls of wisdom: practical application of the Pearls Series.

Scores of ASHRM members have collaborated to produce the Pearls Series, a set of pocket guides on topics of interest for not only risk managers but also administrators, clinicians, and board members. The succinct format facilitates the dissemination of pertinent information to a wide audience. Risk managers should be knowledgeable of the Pearls topics, understand how to develop appropriate metrics, and manage the monitoring and performance improvement aspects that are critical to ensuring successful knowledge transfer.

Anesthesia Information Management Systems: Past, Present, and Future of Anesthesia Records

Documenting a patient's anesthetic in the medical record is quite different from summarizing an office visit, writing a surgical procedure note, or recording other clinical encounters. Some of the biggest differences are the frequent sampling of physiologic data, volume of data, and diversity of data collected. The goal of the anesthesia record is to accurately and comprehensively capture a patient's anesthetic experience in a succinct format. Having ready access to physiologic trends is essential to allowing anesthesiologists to make proper diagnoses and treatment decisions. Although the value provided by anesthesia information management systems and their functions may be different than other electronic health records, the real benefits of an anesthesia information management system depend on having it fully integrated with the other health information technologies. An anesthesia information management system is built around the electronic anesthesia record and incorporates anesthesia-relevant data pulled from disparate systems such as laboratory, billing, imaging, communication, pharmacy, and scheduling. The ability of an anesthesia information management system to collect data automatically enables anesthesiologists to reliably create an accurate record at all times, regardless of other concurrent demands. These systems also have the potential to convert large volumes of data into actionable information for outcomes research and quality-improvement initiatives. Developing a system to validate the data is crucial in conducting outcomes research using large datasets. Technology innovations outside of healthcare, such as multitouch interfaces, near-instant software response times, powerful but simple search capabilities, and intuitive designs, have raised the bar for users' expectations of health information technology.

Inelastic analysis of semi-rigid composite structures under fire conditions

This paper presents the application of a proposed numerical approach, denoted as SAAFE Program (System for Advanced Analysis for Fire Engineering), developed to provide an inelastic analysis of steel and composite (steel-concrete) 2D semi-rigid framed-structures under fire conditions. The proposed structural model allows an accurate description of the structural non-linear response, with less computational effort when compared to the general FEM formulation. The method, although similar in concept to earlier plastic-hinge approaches, differs with regards to numerical implementation methodology and precision. The proposed plastic-hinge model is formulated in a succinct format based on the following characteristics: (i) a refined plastic lumped formulation with interaction surfaces, (ii) a tangent modulus model which includes both gradual inelastic loss of stiffness and ultimate strength of column members, (iii) a second-order large-displacement formulation, based on the Stability Functions concept, (iv) non-homogeneous temperature distribution over the cross-section, (v) a connection semi-rigid model. Obtained results for connection model calibration examples are compared to reported experimental data, showing reasonable agreement. In addition, results of a proposed case-of-study demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the SAAFE model to perform inelastic analysis semi-rigid members, outlining the advantage of considering advanced analysis in the current fire-design practice of structures.

Refined plastic-hinge model for analysis of steel-concrete structures exposed to fire

This paper is concerned with the application of a proposed approach, denoted as SAAFE Program ( System for Advanced Analysis for Fire Engineering), developed to provide inelastic analysis of steel and composite (steel-concrete) 2D framed-structures exposed to fire. The method, although similar in concept to earlier plastic-hinge approaches, differs in relation to both numerical methodology and precision, allowing accurate description of the structural non-linear response with little computational effort, when compared to that of the general FEM formulation. The analysis is based on the two-level approach, in which the cross-section and member are continuously performing in an interactive way. The variation on member is performed by a transient heat-transfer analysis model, accounting for thermo-dependent properties of heated materials. A second-order plastic-hinge model is formulated in a succinct format considering yielding progress during fire and accurate identification of member instability. Obtained results for calibration examples are compared to those of the FEM approach, showing reasonable agreement. A proposed multi-storey composite framed structure is assessed by SAAFE, outlining the advantage of considering advanced analysis in the current fire-design practice of structures.

Developing an advance care planning tool – opportunities and challenges

The advance care planning document developed acts as a framework for opening up a discussion between patient and the health or social care professional, and maintains the patient at the...

PiPA

Profiling and online analysis are important tasks in program understanding and feedback-directed optimization. However, fine-grained profiling and online analysis tend to seriously slow down the application. To cope with the slowdown, one may have to terminate the process early or resort to sampling. The former tends to distort the result because of warm-up effects. The latter runs the risk of missing important effects because sampling was turned off during the time that these effects appeared. A promising approach is to make use of the parallel processing capabilities of the now ubiquitous multicore processors to speed up the profiling and analysis process. In this article, we present Pipelined Profiling and Analysis (PiPA), which is a novel technique for parallelizing dynamic program profiling and analysis by taking advantage of multicore systems. In essence, the application under examination is profiled using a dynamic instrumentation tool. Optimized instrumentation code outputs the profile information in a succinct format, that we call the REP format, to buffers. This lightweight trace compression minimizes the processing overhead impinged on the application whenever a buffer is full. Another thread recovers the required information from the REP buffer. The recovered full profile is then divided up and passed to multiple threads for further analysis. To achieve the best performance, the entire system has to be well-balanced. We have implemented prototypes of PiPA using two dynamic instrumentation systems, namely DynamoRIO and Pin, thereby demonstrating its portability. Our experiments show that PiPA is able to speed up the overall profiling and analysis tasks significantly. Compared to the more than 100× slowdown of Cachegrind and the 32× slowdown of Pin dcache, we achieved a mere 10.2× slowdown on an 8-core system. In this paper, we will also describe the insights we gained in obtaining the balance needed for PiPA to perform optimally.

Antimicrobial Resistance: Beyond the Breakpoint

The Fifth Decennial International Conference on Healthcare-Associated Infections, held March 2010 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, brought the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance to the forefront. Results of a survey that polled members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America regarding critical knowledge gaps and research priorities were presented. Respondents reported that 3 of the 5 most important issues they face are directly associated with antimicrobial drug resistance: multidrug–resistant gram-negative bacteria, antimicrobial stewardship, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) The publication of this collection of authoritative reviews of these issues is therefore timely. This concise volume draws on the knowledge of 23 authors, many of whom are either current or past staff members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 10 chapters and 174 pages, these authors address contemporary issues in bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral (HIV) resistance, as well as some aspects of the effects of antimicrobial drug resistance on healthcare facilities. The main emphasis of the book is on the epidemiology and mechanisms and public health implications of resistant pathogens, not on details of treatment. Chapters on MRSA, extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing gram-negative bacteria, and fluoroquinolone resistance cover the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance, laboratory detection, and treatment considerations. A historical review of the contribution of bacterial pneumonia to the death rate of previous influenza pandemics clearly discusses the likelihood and consequences of resistance in strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus. Questions raised here about how these antimicrobial drug–resistant bacteria affect a modern pandemic, such as the impact of antiviral drugs and diagnostic testing on antibiotic use, can now be investigated in light of the subsequent pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Three chapters address resistance in healthcare settings and the promotion of appropriate antimicrobial drug use. The first describes interventions to reduce the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents for respiratory conditions and quality initiatives that can improve prescribing. The chapter that reviewed effective strategies for controlling resistant pathogens in hospitals is the only chapter that was not well referenced on some of the more controversial issues, such as silver coating of devices. However, the chapter on estimating costs attributable to infections caused by antimicrobial drug–resistant bacteria is comprehensive. Three final chapters expand the scope of this volume into issues of parasitic, fungal, and viral resistance. Resistance in helminths is presented in the context of mass treatment during eradication programs and the need for enhanced surveillance programs. The chapter on antifungal resistance reviews available drugs and laboratory detection of resistance. The final chapter on HIV drug resistance in the developing world reviews initial concerns and current encouraging data on antiretroviral drug–resistance in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. Current public health strategies for detecting and controlling drug–resistant HIV are given, along with a clear account of the biological and pharmacologic factors that affect HIV resistance and a review of areas needing continued attention and resources. The strength of this book is the wide scope of its coverage of antimicrobial drug resistance. Most chapters are well written in a succinct style and format easily accessible to the general reader. The text has supportive references from primary sources, and contains a good index. This book is a valuable resource for those beginning their careers or who are looking for a research focus, or for anyone already an expert in an aspect of antimicrobial resistance who is seeking a broader perspective.

A quick guide to vocational education and qualifications

A myriad of vocational qualifications and other forms of education are available for healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners to access. When engaging with education programmes for the first time, understanding the different qualifications can be quite daunting. Aneurin Bevan Health Board in Gwent has therefore developed guidance based on the Education Levels in the Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales. The board introduced a quick reference guide for support workers, registered staff, lead trainers and managers. The quick reference guide has been beneficial in outlining in a succinct format an overview of vocational qualifications.

Newlands revisited: a display of the periodicity of the chemical elements for chemists

This is a periodic table explicitly for chemists rather than physicists. It is derived from Newlands’ columns. It solves many problems such as the positions of hydrogen, helium, beryllium, zinc and the lanthanoids but all within a succinct format.

Plastic-hinge approach for inelastic analysis of steel–concrete framed structures

This paper presents an application of a computational tool, denoted as SAAFE Program, developed to provide a nonlinear inelastic analysis of steel and composite (steel–concrete) 2D framed structures. This procedure allows an accurate description of the structural nonlinear response, with less computational effort when compared to the general FEM formulation. The method, although similar in concept to earlier plastic-hinge approaches, differs with regard to numerical implementation methodology and precision. The proposed plastic-hinge model is formulated in a succinct format based on the following characteristics: (i) stiffness parameter η , evaluated as a function of the yielding progress at each plastic-hinge location; (ii) effective tangent modulus E t concept which reduces the modulus of elasticity in the element stiffness calculation, considering both the residual stress and out-of-straightness effects; (iii) second-order formulation, based on an incremental stiffness approach in which conventional stability functions are used to reflect the effect (on member stiffness) of axial loads on displacements, allowing accurate identification of member instability. Verification examples are analysed by the proposed approach, in which results are compared with those of FEM numerical and available experimental data, showing good agreement. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to infer about the efficiency and robustness of the proposed model to perform inelastic analysis for isolated and full frame members, incorporating geometric and material nonlinearity.

DrugScan Series

DrugScan is a review of the international literature on therapeutics. Leading pharmacy practitioners scan the literature and present information on major clinical trials, important pharmacoepidemiology studies, and pharmacoeconomic research in a succinct format. Interested readers are encouraged to explore the original publications in greater detail.