Successful Project Implementation Research Articles

Exploring the Evolution Mechanisms of Social Risks Associated with Urban Renewal from the Perspective of Stakeholders

The urban renewal (UR) process involves various stakeholders and related activities, and the various risks arising from this endeavor can affect these stakeholders. Additionally, the impact of adverse factors such as policy discontinuity and inequitable distribution of benefits among stakeholders can easily result in collective tensions or conflicts, as well as the gradual emergence of potential social frictions and confrontations. These social risks (SRs) not only impede the smooth execution of urban renewal projects but also pose challenges to social harmony and stability. Hence, to mitigate and control the SRs in the UR process (URSRs) and ensure the successful implementation of effective and sustainable UR projects, it is of paramount importance to gain a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and evolution mechanisms of these SRs. Although existing studies have touched upon the influence of stakeholder conflicts on URSRs, there remains a lack of systematic examination of the evolution mechanisms of these risks from the perspective of stakeholder theory. The resulting fragmented and specialized comprehension of URSRs has hindered the effectiveness of risk governance strategies. This study adopts stakeholder theory to analyze the potential sources of risk throughout the entire UR process. By considering the conflicts of interests among stakeholders, a systematic analysis of the evolution mechanisms of URSRs is explored and targeted governance recommendations for URSRs are proposed.

Transformation of digital government services in the public sector in South Africa

Background: It is well-documented that the 21st century is providing digital technologies in an alarming rate. Their emergence promotes effectiveness, efficiency, accountability and transparency of public services and internal governance. This study was conducted within the government departments and state-owned agencies of South Africa.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the transformation of digital government services in the public sector in South Africa.Methods: This case study used qualitative approach where data were collected through semi-structured interviews from the national government departments and state-owned entities. The target population comprised information technology officers, investigators or analysts and administrative officers. Data collected were thematically analysed preceding the transcription of audio-recordings.Results: Some of the significant results of this study showed that the executives avoid playing their role to drive Information and communications technology (ICT) through Corporate ICT Strategy.Conclusion: Some of the challenges of adopting digital transformation are associated with low digital literacy, poor digital infrastructure, unreliable power supply, among others.Contribution: This study establishes that if the senior managers from ICT section become members of the executive committee, the government can have successful implementation of ICT projects without scepticism. This study also contributes to the awareness of considering digital literacy skills to support digital transformation.

Geotechnical assessments for renewable energy infrastructure: Ensuring stability in wind and solar projects

Geotechnical assessments are crucial for ensuring the stability and longevity of renewable energy infrastructure, particularly in wind and solar projects. This review explores the significance of geotechnical assessments in these projects, highlighting key considerations and challenges. Geotechnical assessments play a critical role in the design, construction, and operation of renewable energy infrastructure, providing essential information about the subsurface conditions that can impact the stability and performance of wind and solar projects. These assessments involve the evaluation of soil, rock, and groundwater conditions to assess their suitability for supporting renewable energy structures. In wind energy projects, geotechnical assessments are essential for determining the foundation design of wind turbines. The soil and rock conditions at the site can significantly impact the stability and load-bearing capacity of the foundation, affecting the overall performance and safety of the turbine. Similarly, in solar energy projects, geotechnical assessments are necessary for designing the foundation of solar panels and support structures, ensuring they can withstand environmental loads and maintain their efficiency over time. One of the key challenges in geotechnical assessments for renewable energy projects is the variability of subsurface conditions. Soil and rock properties can vary significantly over short distances, requiring detailed site investigations to accurately characterize the subsurface conditions. Additionally, the presence of natural hazards such as landslides, earthquakes, and floods can further complicate geotechnical assessments, necessitating robust risk mitigation strategies. Despite these challenges, geotechnical assessments are essential for ensuring the long-term stability and performance of renewable energy infrastructure. By providing valuable insights into subsurface conditions, these assessments help developers and engineers make informed decisions about site selection, foundation design, and risk management, ultimately contributing to the successful implementation of renewable energy projects. In conclusion, geotechnical assessments are vital for ensuring the stability and longevity of renewable energy infrastructure, particularly in wind and solar projects. By providing crucial information about subsurface conditions, these assessments help mitigate risks and ensure the safe and efficient operation of renewable energy projects. Keywords: Geotechnical Assessments, Renewable Energy, Infrastructure, Stability, Wind and Solar Projects.

Green architecture: Conceptualizing vertical greenery in urban design

This executive summary introduces the concept paper on Green Architecture, focusing specifically on the integration of vertical greenery in urban design. Green architecture, characterized by sustainable design principles and environmental consciousness, aims to enhance urban environments by incorporating vegetation into built structures. Vertical greenery, a key component of green architecture, involves the strategic placement of vegetation on vertical surfaces such as walls, facades, and rooftops. This concept paper explores the potential of vertical greenery to mitigate environmental issues in urban areas, improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, and enhance biodiversity. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for conceptualizing vertical greenery in urban design, emphasizing the importance of integrating natural elements into the built environment. It discusses various strategies for implementing vertical greenery, including the selection of suitable plant species, design considerations for irrigation and structural stability, and the incorporation of greenery into urban planning processes. Moreover, the concept paper highlights the social and economic benefits of vertical greenery, such as improved health and well-being for residents, increased property values, and enhanced aesthetics of urban spaces. It also emphasizes the role of stakeholder engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation in the successful implementation of vertical greenery projects. In conclusion, this executive summary outlines the significance of incorporating vertical greenery into urban design practices as a means to promote sustainability, resilience, and livability in cities. By embracing the principles of green architecture and integrating vertical greenery into urban landscapes, cities can create healthier, more vibrant, and environmentally sustainable communities for current and future generations. Keywords: Urban, Design, Green, Architecture, Vertical.

Developing a conceptual partner selection framework for matching public–private partnerships of rural energy internet project using an integrated fuzzy AHP approach for rural revitalization in China

The development of rural clean energy is the key to cope with the shortage of traditional energy supply in the rural revitalization strategy and improve the sustainability of rural energy supply. Under the background of digital age, the development and utilization of rural clean energy Internet has become the focus of rural economic development. The government partners of the Rural clean Energy Internet PPP project (RCEIPPPP) are the key to promoting the green and intelligent development of rural energy. In this paper, the index system of project partner selection is constructed, and the problem of government partner selection for RCEIPPPP is studied by AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Partners' financial ability, technical ability, management ability, performance experience, corporate reputation, cooperation ability and risk management are the influencing factors for government partner selection of rural clean energy Internet PPP projects (RCEIPPPPs); 2) Compared with other factors, financial ability, technical ability, management ability and performance experience are the four key factors that are more important in choosing partners; 3) The empirical research shows that AHP, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the index system constructed by this research can be applied to the practice of government partner selection for RCEIPPPPs. This study puts forward the evaluation system of government cooperation selection of energy Internet PPP projects from the theoretical level, improves the existing research methods, and makes the theoretical system in this field more complete. From the practical level, it provides scientific basis and suggestions for the government to make decisions on energy Internet PPP projects, and improves the engineering efficiency and quality of rural clean energy Internet construction. This study demonstrates the complexity of clean energy projects, the need for an integrated approach to decision-making, and the need for project managers to actively manage communication and collaboration with partners to ensure successful project implementation.

The Influence of person-organization Fit, Psychological Climate, and Work Stress on the Performance of Employees of the Public Works Department Bina Marga in East Java Province

This research investigates the complex dynamics of the Highways Public Works Department in East Java Province, exploring the multifaceted influence of Person-Organization Fit (POF), Psychological Climate, and Job Stress on employee performance. Person-Organization Fit, which reflects the alignment between individual values and organizational culture, is examined for its role in shaping employee effectiveness. This study assesses how the Psychological Climate in the workplace, which includes factors such as organizational culture and leadership style, contributes to employee well-being and performance. Additionally, the impact of Job Stress on employees in this particular public service context is also investigated. By analyzing these factors comprehensively, this research aims to provide actionable insights for organizational development and management strategy. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study was all employees of the East Java Bina Marga DPU, totaling 667 people. The data collection method used in this research is by using a questionnaire. The data that has been collected is then tested using multiple linear regression analysis. These findings are expected to guide interventions that improve employee performance, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness. Because the Public Works Department plays an important role in infrastructure development, understanding and optimizing the factors that influence employee performance is important to ensure the successful implementation of public projects and services in East Java Province. This study contributes valuable knowledge at the intersection of organizational psychology and public administration, addressing practical implications for fostering conducive work environments and maximizing employee contributions. This research can be used as a basis for developing new theories or enriching existing theories regarding the influence of person-organization fit, psychological climate, and work stress on employee performance.

Neuverteilung von Verantwortung? Brandschutzerziehung als Strategie zur Zukunftssicherung Freiwilliger Feuerwehren

Volunteer firefighters are an established institution in many rural areas across Europe. In spite of this ubiquity, many volunteer brigades have been increasingly facing challenges in discharging their functions. Issues such as undertaking necessary investments, and ensuring daytime availability have become particularly critical against the backdrop of an increase in the number of interventions. Many of the measures intended to futureproof volunteer firefighting are based on transferring responsibility to different actors. To this end developing and expanding the reach of fire safety education functions to enhance the public’s prevention and self-protection skills. The aim of this paper is to explore the process of institutional change induced by innovative initiatives, which aim to advance fire safety education. For the study, we draw on empirical research, which follows the development and mainstreaming of two projects in Austria and Germany. These initiatives aim to standardise disparate approaches and are underpinned by new forms of multi-level cooperation. Our inductive analysis identifies five key steps which define the successful long-term implementation of projects in coproduced services of general interest. We conclude with observations on the redistribution of responsibility for fire services and hazard prevention in contemporary societies.

Conceptualizing sustainable offshore operations: integration of renewable energy systems

This paper conceptualizes sustainable offshore operations through the integration of renewable energy systems, focusing on the adoption of solar-powered systems for remote applications. Drawing on Osayi's experience in this field, the paper proposes frameworks for the adoption of renewable energy in offshore operations, highlighting key considerations and strategies for successful implementation. The integration of renewable energy systems in offshore operations is essential for reducing environmental impact, increasing energy efficiency, and ensuring long-term sustainability. Osayi's experience with solar-powered systems for remote applications provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with this integration. The proposed frameworks for the adoption of renewable energy in offshore operations encompass several key elements. Firstly, a thorough assessment of energy needs and resources is essential to determine the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating renewable energy systems. Secondly, careful planning and design are crucial to ensure that renewable energy systems are integrated seamlessly into existing offshore operations, taking into account factors such as location, energy demand, and system compatibility. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and collaboration in the adoption of renewable energy systems. Effective communication and collaboration between industry stakeholders, regulators, and local communities are essential for overcoming barriers and ensuring the successful implementation of renewable energy projects in offshore operations. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights and frameworks for the adoption of renewable energy in offshore operations, drawing on Osayi's experience with solar-powered systems for remote applications. By integrating renewable energy systems into offshore operations, companies can reduce their carbon footprint, improve energy efficiency, and contribute to a more sustainable future for the offshore industry.

ORGANIZATION OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

The considers the field of development, specifically focusing on the organization of project management in development. It is demonstrated that real estate development possesses certain characteristics that directly impact the activities of developers and the organization of development management. The presence of these characteristics creates a unique environment in which developers operate, influencing various approaches, schemes, forms, and models of project development management organization. The purpose of the article is to formulate systematic concepts regarding the forms of organization in development projects. To achieve the goal of forming a comprehensive understanding of organizational mechanisms for managing development projects, the paper examines the organizational environment in which project teams operate and the forms of project management organization in development companies. The paper illustrates that in the project life cycle model, the organizational structure of project management can vary both within individual phases and across projects of different concepts and scales. The management organization during different phases of the project life cycle (PLC) and the organizational structures of development companies during the construction phase have been analyzed. It is demonstrated that contemporary organizations consistently channel their efforts towards improving (developing) the organizational management environment in development and creating conditions for the successful implementation of projects. Therefore, in addition to the value of creating new tangible assets, the project management group (PMG) adds (creates) value through the establishment of a unique organizational environment. The approach to evaluating the values of collaborative work within a project team is demonstrated. The developed organizational environment unquestionably represents a value that the developer additionally acquires along with new development projects. Task: the paper explores the organization of project management groups (PMG) in development; organizational forms of development project management; the organization of project management in development during the construction phase as the most significant; and organizational structures of development companies. Research results: a system application for the organization of development projects’ management has been created. Possible forms of development projects’ organization and elements of the company's organizational structure are analyzed.

Stakeholder Engagement and Successful Implementation of Social Economic Development Project: A Case of Jyambere Project

Stakeholder Engagement and Successful Implementation of Social Economic Development Project: A Case of Jyambere Project

A comparison of soft factors in the implementation and adoption of digitalization projects: a systematic literature review

This study expounds existing literature on digitalization projects taking a one-dimensional view on people at organizational, project and individual levels. Through a systematic literature review, we highlight and contrast the impact of soft factors on the implementation and adoption of digitalization projects. Four core enablers were identified and contrasted at different organizational levels in an integrated framework for successful implementation and adoption of digitalization projects. Findings indicate that both adoption and implementation of digitalization projects have similar core enablers at organizational level, significantly different actions that need to be taken at project level and slightly different characteristics at individual level. Moreover, eight critical soft factors were identified for successful implementation and adoption of digitalization projects. The findings provide valuable insights to practitioners and enable controlling the highest value factors to increase the success rate of digitalization projects and to identify the core elements that need attention at various organizational levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review that expounds the extent of knowledge available on success factors within the context of digitalization projects taking the single dimensional focus on people at different organizational levels.

Construction of an innovative entrepreneurship project learning platform introducing a group recommendation algorithm for college students

This work aims to construct an innovative entrepreneurship project learning platform based on a group recommendation algorithm, which assists college students in better identifying and utilizing appropriate team resources during the entrepreneurial process. In order to achieve this goal, the genetic algorithm and probability models are introduced in the research process to improve the accuracy and personalization of group recommendations. First, the genetic algorithm is designed based on the initial population of individuals consisting of college students' diverse innovative entrepreneurship project information and personal characteristics. Individuals are iteratively optimized to find the optimal team combinations through crossover, mutation, and selection. Simultaneously, a probability model is employed to establish the group recommendation algorithm, and a large number of data samples and features are utilized for model training and prediction. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed Genetic Algorithm-Probability Model-Group Recommendation (GAPMGR) is validated through experiments and comparative analysis. The research findings indicate that the GAPMGR method proposed has significantly improved team combination recommendations for college students' innovative entrepreneurship project learning platforms. Compared to traditional methods, the GAPMGR algorithm's group recommendation performance has improved by 4.92%, enabling more accurate matching of suitable team resources. By introducing the genetic algorithm and probability models, the innovative entrepreneurship project learning platform based on group recommendation can effectively enhance students' entrepreneurial abilities and team collaboration effects. This platform can provide personalized team resource recommendations for students, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, and facilitate the successful implementation of innovative entrepreneurship projects. In the fields of education and entrepreneurship, this work provides a valuable entrepreneurial learning tool for college students and serves as a reference for educational institutions and entrepreneurship mentors. In the field of technology, this work explores the application of the genetic algorithm and probability models in group recommendation, offering new ideas and methods for further research and application.

6G secure quantum communication: a success probability prediction model

The emergence of 6G networks initiates significant transformations in the communication technology landscape. Yet, the melding of quantum computing (QC) with 6G networks although promising an array of benefits, particularly in secure communication. Adapting QC into 6G requires a rigorous focus on numerous critical variables. This study aims to identify key variables in secure quantum communication (SQC) in 6G and develop a model for predicting the success probability of 6G-SQC projects. We identified key 6G-SQC variables from existing literature to achieve these objectives and collected training data by conducting a questionnaire survey. We then analyzed these variables using an optimization model, i.e., Genetic Algorithm (GA), with two different prediction methods the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Logistic Regression (LR). The results of success probability prediction models indicate that as the 6G-SQC matures, project success probability significantly increases, and costs are notably reduced. Furthermore, the best fitness rankings for each 6G-SQC project variable determined using NBC and LR indicated a strong positive correlation (rs = 0.895). The t-test results (t = 0.752, p = 0.502 > 0.05) show no significant differences between the rankings calculated using both prediction models (NBC and LR). The results reveal that the developed success probability prediction model, based on 15 identified 6G-SQC project variables, highlights the areas where practitioners need to focus more to facilitate the cost-effective and successful implementation of 6G-SQC projects.

. Разработка перечня критериев оценки инновационных предпринимательских проектов

The study compared the criteria used by government and venture capital funds to evaluate innovative entrepreneurial projects. The paper deals with the problematics of evaluating innovative entrepreneurial projects developed in higher education institutions. In the context of intensified support for entrepreneurship development, including to ensure tech-nological sovereignty, an essential requirement for the successful implementation of projects is the assessment of their potential at early stages. In the global practice there are different approaches to the assessment of scientific and tech-nical projects and developments at different stages. However, when it concerns innovation by universities, no univer-sally recognized approach has been discovered. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the criteria for evaluating innovative projects created in universities. As a result of the study, the criteria most relevant to innovative entrepreneurial projects of higher education institutions were identified.

A Comparison of the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) Guidelines and the “Implementation of Governance, Forest Landscapes, and Livelihoods” Project in Lao PDR: The FPIC Team Composition and the Implementation Process

Free, prior, and informed consent, or FPIC, is a crucial component of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD+) projects. This study addresses a significant research gap regarding FPIC in the context of REDD+ projects, with a focus on the Implementation of Governance, Forest Landscapes, and Livelihoods (I-GFLL) project in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This research aimed to evaluate the FPIC’s components and implementation. We employed a literature review of the FPIC implementation reports from 242 targeted villages involved in the I-GFLL project and face-to-face interviews with 12 key informants. The research found positive aspects, such as female team membership, boosting ethnic women’s participation; the exclusion of forestry officials to foster an open dialogue; and respect for project rejections, displaying adherence to the FPIC principles. However, some challenging aspects were also highlighted, such as the exclusion of civil society organizations (CSOs) and non-government organizations (NGOs) and the loss of their expertise; limited team knowledge of forestry/climate change, hindering communication; short consultation durations; and an incomplete understanding of technical terms due to the project’s novelty, raising concerns. The study emphasizes the importance of crafting FPIC teams that promote communication, respect community rights, and, ultimately, ensure successful project implementation.

The Impact of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Demography and Health-Care on the Quality of Life of the Population

The study examines the features of state policy in the field of demography and health care, special attention is paid to the analysis of the main indicators of the quality of life of the population, as well as the results already achieved within the framework of the national projects “Demography” and “Health Care”. The problems of low life expectancy of the population and a decrease in the birth rate have been identified. Based on the results of monitoring of the national projects “Demography” and “Health Care”, it was concluded that they are interconnected and it is possible to achieve the targets only through the successful implementation of both national projects. Based on this, the research suggests measures aimed at improving state policy in the field of demography and health, including the need to strengthen measures aimed at combating neoplasms, including malignant ones, which in turn will have a positive impact on the quality of life of the country’s population.

Handlungsstufenplan für Digitalisierungsprojekte in der Produktion

Abstract In a rapidly evolving production landscape, digitalization projects are gaining increasing importance. An action level plan is a versatile tool and offers a structured framework for successfully implementing digitalization projects in production. A practical example from the automotive industry is used to analyze challenges, opportunities and key findings that can support manufacturing companies in the successful implementation of digitalization projects.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR ACCELERATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HVAC SYSTEMS AMIDST CLIMATE CHANGE

Amidst the escalating impacts of climate change, optimizing energy efficiency in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems emerges as a critical imperative. This review explores project management strategies aimed at accelerating energy efficiency in HVAC systems amidst climate change challenges. In response to climate change, the urgency to mitigate energy consumption in HVAC systems has intensified. Project management plays a pivotal role in orchestrating systematic approaches to address this challenge. Firstly, effective project management entails comprehensive planning. This involves conducting thorough energy audits and assessments to identify inefficiencies and prioritize improvement opportunities. Utilizing advanced technologies such as Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) can enhance data collection and analysis for informed decision-making. Secondly, stakeholder engagement is essential for successful project implementation. Collaboration between building owners, facility managers, engineers, and contractors facilitates alignment of goals and resources. Clear communication channels and regular progress updates foster accountability and momentum throughout the project lifecycle. Thirdly, project management methodologies like Agile or Lean can streamline HVAC efficiency initiatives. Iterative development allows for continuous improvement, enabling teams to adapt to evolving requirements and incorporate feedback effectively. Moreover, risk management strategies are vital to anticipate and mitigate potential obstacles. Contingency plans for supply chain disruptions, regulatory changes, and unforeseen technical challenges ensure project resilience and minimize disruptions. Lastly, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are indispensable for tracking project performance and verifying energy savings. Utilizing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and performance benchmarks enables stakeholders to measure success and adjust strategies as needed. Effective project management strategies are indispensable for accelerating energy efficiency in HVAC systems amidst climate change. By emphasizing comprehensive planning, stakeholder engagement, agile methodologies, risk management, and continuous evaluation, organizations can navigate challenges and realize substantial energy savings in HVAC operations.
 Keywords: Project Management, HVAC, Climate Change, Energy, Efficiency, Review.

Key performance indicators for hospital planning and construction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe successful implementation of hospital projects (HPs) tends to confront sundry challenges in the planning and construction (P&C) phases due to their complexity and particularity. Employing key performance indicators (KPIs) facilitates the monitoring of HPs to advance their successful delivery. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the KPIs for hospital planning and construction (HPC).Design/methodology/approachThe KPIs for HPC were identified through a systematic review. Then a comprehensive assessment of these KPIs was performed utilizing a meta-analysis method. In this process, basic statistical analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitive analysis and publication bias analysis were performed.FindingsResults indicate that all 27 KPIs identified from the literature are significant for executing HPs in P&C phases. Also, some unconventional performance indicators are crucial for implementing HPs, such as “Project monitoring effectiveness” and “Industry innovation and synergy,” as their high significance is reflected in this study. Despite the fact that the findings of meta-analysis are more trustworthy than those of individual studies, a high heterogeneity still exists in the findings. It highlights the inherent uncertainty in the construction industry. Hence, this study applied subgroup analysis to explore the underlying factors causing the high level of heterogeneity and used sensitive analysis to assess the robustness of the findings.Originality/valueThere is no consensus among the prior studies on KPIs for HPC specifically and their degree of significance. Additionally, few reviews in this field have focused on the reliability of the results. This study comprehensively assesses the KPIs for HPC and explores the variability and robustness of the results, which provides a multi-dimensional perspective for practitioners and the research community to investigate the performance of HPs during the P&C stages.

EXAMINING THE FACTORS CONFRONTING THE EXECUTION OF GETFUND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE UPPER WEST REGION, GHANA

GETFund's primary goal is to offer a specialized financial source to increase government budgetary allotments for the construction of educational infrastructure at all educational levels, from pre-tertiary to tertiary, as specified in the GETFund (2000). The aim of this study is to examine the managerial skills and issues that GETFund contractors employ. The aim of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by GETFund construction project managers, pinpoint the factors that affect GETFund project performance, and suggest practical solutions to improve GETFund project execution in the Upper West Region. For this study, a descriptive survey research design was chosen. One hundred and forty-eight construction firms, twenty-one consultancies, and sixty-five clients made up the sample for the study. A questionnaire was the main method used to collect data. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data. The study's conclusions showed that political and financial issues are the main barriers to the effective execution of GETFund building projects. Moreover, scheduling, and financial issues pose the biggest obstacles to the region's successful implementation of GETFund construction projects. Furthermore, the survey found that the majority of contractors' agents carrying out GETFund projects lack the technical expertise, resources, and manpower required, which makes it challenging for them to comprehend and interpret the criteria and drawings that project consultants provide them. According to the report, in-service training should be offered by reputable regulatory organizations like the Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) to improve employees' capacity to manage firms.