Success Of Coalition Research Articles

The Anti-Hitler Coalition: From Enmity to Military Alliance — A Formula for Success

It is unfortunate to note again today that World War II did not end, it continues in the form of the war of memory. Politicians and scholars who stand as ideological successors of collaborators are trying to rewrite the history of those tragic days, to downplay the role of the Soviet Union in the victory over fascism. They try to revive certain political myths, which have been debunked long ago, that the Soviet Union and the Nazi Germany bear equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II, that the Red Army did not liberate Eastern Europe but ‘occupied’ it. In order to combat these attempts it is necessary to examine once again a turbulent history of the inter-war period and, particularly, the reasons why all attempts to form a united antifascist front had failed in the 1930s, but eventually led to the formation of the anti-Hitler coalition.The paper focuses on a complex set of political considerations, including cooperation and confrontation, mutual suspicions and a fervent desire to find an ally in the face of growing international tensions, which all together determined the dynamics of relations within a strategic triangle of the Soviet Union — the United States — Great Britain in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The paper shows how all attempts to establish a collective security system during the prewar period had shattered faced with the policy of appeasement, which allowed the Nazi Germany to occupy much of Europe. Only the Soviet Union’s entry into the war changed the course of the conflict and made a decisive contribution to the victory over fascist aggressors. The author emphasizes that at such crucial moment of history I.V. Stalin, F.D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill raised to that challenge, demonstrating realism, common sense and willingness to cooperate. Although within the anti-Hitler coalition there was a number of pending issues, which triggered tensions between the Allies, their leaders managed to move beyond old grievances, ideological differences and short-term political interests, to realize that they have a common strategic goal in the struggle against Nazism. According to the author, this is the foundation for success of the anti-Hitler coalition and, at the same time, the key lesson for contemporary politicians. The very emergence of the anti-Hitler coalition represented a watershed in the history of the 20th century, which has determined a way forward for the whole humanity and laid the foundations for the world order for the next fifty years.

The rise, demise, and rebirth of a workfare programme in Israel

AbstractIn this article, I present an analysis of the conditions that led to the success of an NGO coalition to challenge and bring about the suspension of a workfare program in Israel. I compare the Israeli contention against workfare with similar mobilizations that took place in France and Germany, in order to identify conditions that may enhance challenges to the politics of conditionality. I argue that the success of collective action against a workfare programme in Israel was precipitated by the formation of a loose coalition of civil society organizations which succeeded in seizing opportunities, gaining access to institutionalized political systems, and mobilizing allies from the ranks of political elites. Moreover, I demonstrate these opportunities’ fluidity, such that the loss of certain allies engendered the workfare programme’s rebirth. The article concludes by outlining lessons that can be learned from this case.

Electoral Coalitions To Exit From Hybrid Regimes: A Research on The Hungary 2019 Local Election

The success of electoral coalition has long been acknowledged for the peaceful exit from hybrid regimes. According to this, the opposition that goes to alliance in the repressive regimes first makes the field of competition more fair and then ensures the democratization of the regime. Although democratization literature focuses on general elections, local elections have gained importance since 1990s with increasing importance of local governments. In this study, we will discuss the electoral coalitions in local elections and argue that the local elections won by this strategy are effective in the exit from hybrid regimes. We will try to prove this claim through the 2019 local elections in Hungary.

Rola sił pokojowych ONZ w wojnie w Bośnii Hercegowinie (1992–1995) – wybrane zagadnienia

Jednym z największych wyzwań dla społeczności międzynarodowej na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. była kwestia rozpadu Socjalistycznej Federacyjnej Republiki Jugosławii. W czerwcu 1991 r. Słowenia i Chorwacja ogłosiły niepodległość, a federacja jugosłowiańska faktycznie upadła. W Chorwacji wybuchła krwawa wojna, a w lutym 1992 r. Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ przyjęła rezolucję o wysłaniu Sił Ochronnych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (UNPROFOR) do tego kraju.Wkrótce jednak pojawił się nowy problem dla Europy i Ameryki – napięcia w Bośni i Hercegowinie. Bośnia była najbardziej zróżnicowaną etnicznie republiką w Jugosławii. W marcu 1992 r. kwatera główna UNPROFOR powstała w stolicy Bośni – Sarajewie, które zostało wybrane jako neutralna lokalizacja. Jednak w kwietniu 1992 r. napięcie w tym państwie przerodziło się w konflikt zbrojny. Zadaniem „błękitnych hełmów” była np. ochrona portu lotniczego w Sarajewie, konwojów z pomocą humanitarną oraz sześciu „stref bezpieczeństwa”, w tym Srebrenicy i Sarajewa. Podczas wojny w Bośni UNPROFOR poniósł wiele porażek, takich jak upadek Srebrenicy i użycie żołnierzy jako zakładników do ochrony Serbów przed atakami NATO z powietrza. Ostatecznie, dzięki aktywnej roli amerykańskiej dyplomacji oraz sukcesom koalicji chorwacko-muzułmańskiej, okazało się możliwe zmuszenie wszystkie stron konfliktu do wynegocjowania zakończenia wojny w listopadzie 1995 r.

CT Lung Cancer Screening

Welcome to the JACR reprint supplement on CT lung cancer screening! How lung cancer screening came to be an accepted preventive health measure in the United States, reimbursed by insurers, is a remarkable success story for radiologists and their patients. First and foremost, it is a story that validates, as much as any other, the truism that research is essential to the progress of our specialty, that research is critical to our continuing to succeed in developing novel technologies and applications. Although observational studies had suggested a benefit to CT screening, the research was fraught with biases that prevented general acceptance. The status CT lung cancer screening now enjoys is attributable to a large, randomized clinical trial, performed with federal funding and designed and executed by a collaboration of ACRIN and the National Cancer Institute. Known as the National Lung Screening Trial, this clinical trial, involving more than 50,000 subjects, demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancerespecific mortality among subjects undergoing CT screening. The results informed and made possible the success of an ACR-led coalition in achieving federal recognition of the benefits of the procedure. This supplement picks up from where the trial and government relations left off. The articles contained in

Determinants of success in setting standards coalition: empirical evidence from the standard war of the blue laser DVDs

This article examines what determines the success of a standard coalition. We test empirically for network effect, experience effect, and industrial and geographical relatedness in the Blu-ray versus HD-DVD standard war.

An enhanced ant colony optimiser for multi-attribute partner selection in virtual enterprises

Increasing global competition drives enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to collaborate in order to respond faster to customers’ needs, reduce operating costs, increase capacity, and produce customised products to reach the market quicker. A virtual enterprise (VE) is an important manufacturing paradigm to address this trend in the dynamic global economy. Partner selection is a key issue tightly coupled to the success of a VE coalition, and because of its complexity, it is considered a multi-attribute optimisation problem. In this paper, an enhanced ant colony optimiser (ACO) is proposed to address the partner selection problem. Five attributes (namely, cost, time, quality, reputation, and risk) considering both qualitative and quantitative aspects have been investigated to evaluate the candidate partners. Experiments have been conducted to validate the performance of the enhanced ACO algorithm, and the results show that the enhanced ACO algorithm can produce better results in terms of search accuracy and computing time.

Sexes, mensonges et vidéo. Liaisons et déliaisons dans les écosystèmes d'affaires des formats de stockage vidéo

Résumé Cet article étudie les ralliements et désistements à différentes coalitions développées dans le cas des écosystèmes des formats de stockage vidéo. Notre recherche s’appuie sur une analyse croisée de la littérature des standards avec des données secondaires issues de sites Internet. L’analyse montre que la nature et l’intensité des liaisons impactent la réussite de la coalition et sont sources de déliaisions au profit d’autres coalitions.

Enabling TRIPs: The pharma–biotech–university patent coalition

ABSTRACT The dominant player behind the Trade-Related Intellectual Property (TRIPs) agreement, as regards patents, was a handful of American pharmaceutical transnational corporations (‘big pharma’). Given that TRIPs was exceptionally controversial, how was US big pharma uniquely enabled to command the entire trade diplomatic machinery of the US and, through that, enact global law in its favour? This paper explores one crucial factor in the enacting of TRIPs, namely the prior pursuit of domestic US patent reform, from which a highly integrated and powerful single-issue political coalition between US big pharma, the new biotechnology sector and academic life science departments was formed. This created the political context in the US in which patent issues, particularly those affecting the pharmaceuticals industry, came to be considered matters of state. But explaining both the success of this patent coalition and the subsequent success of the US-led international demands for TRIPs in turn demands appeal to analysis of the structure of the global economy and its transformation to one of neoliberal financialisation, from a watershed of 1980. The paper explores how the critical histories of each of the three sectors of the patent coalition are illuminated by analysis in the context of this structural change and the underlying connections between apparently disparate issues it reveals.

The Nuclear Posture Review and Deterrence for a New Age

With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the international coalition against Saddam Hussein in 1991, it seemed to many that a “new world order” was around the corner. An assembly of...

Readiness, functioning, and perceived effectiveness in community prevention coalitions: a study of communities that care.

This paper examined whether community readiness, prevention knowledge, coalition functioning, and barriers are linked to perceived effectiveness of community prevention coalitions. Interviews were conducted with 203 key leaders in Communities That Care (CTC) prevention boards in 21 Pennsylvania communities. Community-level means for the reliable self-report measures were utilized separately and in combination with research staff ratings, state technical assistant staff ratings, and other data. The results indicated that the strong link between readiness and perceived effectiveness was mediated by internal coalition functioning. The extent of CTC linkage with outside community entities was not linked to perceived effectiveness. The study concludes that community readiness is an important condition for success of a prevention coalition, and exerts effects mainly through the quality of the coalition's internal functioning. Member turnover and infighting appear to be important factors related to internal functioning. Linkage with outside entities may be more important for coalition models where the coalition is more dependent on local institutions for resources.

A Last Minute Success of the Red-Green Coalition

The 2002 election was a close race. The Social Democrats turned outto be 6,027 votes ahead of the Christian Democrats. The red-greengovernment was returned to power only because of the so-calledoverhang mandates1 for the SPD (three in the new Länder, one inHamburg) and the good result of the Greens, especially in the oldLänder. To put it differently, 1.2 percent (577,567 votes) was the winninggap between the government and the opposition. Four seatsabove the majority is a rather narrow margin but does not inevitablyentail a weak government. The CDU/CSU-led government in 1994had a similar starting position, for example, and it endured in power.

(Re)presenting landmines from protector to enemy: The discursive framing of a new multilateralism

The Ottawa Process leading to the international ban on anti‐personnel mines has been portrayed as an example of the New Multilateralism. In evaluating this claim, de Larrinaga and Turenne Sjolander trace the way in which the meaning attributed to landmines has been contested. They argue that the success of the NGO coalition in bringing landmines to the fore of the international agenda depended on their ability to redefine landmines as a humanitarian issue, rather than a legitimate weapon in the arsenals of the sovereign state as protector of civil society. The discursive focus on landmines as a scourge against humanity had the potential to fundamentally question the state's responsibility in legitimizing the production and use of landmines. This potential for fundamental questioning is eclipsed by a further discursive turn, through which landmines themselves are seen to be the ‘enemy’. This allowed states to dissociate themselves from their role in the production and use of landmines, allying themselves with civil society actors, and thus permitting states to take a leadership position in negotiating the Ottawa Convention. The New Multilateralism of the Ottawa Process, therefore, remained one defined primarily by the multilateralism of states.

Cleveland Health Quality Choice: A Model for Collaborative Community-Based Outcomes Assessment

Cleveland Health Quality Choice Coalition was established in 1989 as a voluntary, collaborative effort between hospitals, physicians, and purchasers in the Cleveland metropolitan area to assess the quality and efficiency of care in 31 hospitals. The objective of the project is to produce high-fidelity comparative hospital outcomes data that support market-based health care reform strategies. The project reports on a broad spectrum of hospital outcomes, including patient satisfaction, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, hospital-acquired complications, and cesarean section rates for adult medical, surgical, obstetrical, and intensive care patients. Intensive care outcomes and patient satisfaction are assessed using previously validated measurement systems. Outcomes for medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients are examined using a standardized data collection and severity adjustment methodology developed by Cleveland physicians and an independent consultant. The project released its initial report to purchasers in April 1993, with subsequent reports scheduled for release every six months. Several policies, procedures, and programs have been instituted to ensure data quality and participant buy-in. These include initial testing and rigorous validation of all outcomes measurement systems before release of data, a commitment to continuously refine risk-adjustment methodologies, independent auditing of data reliability, and a series of user-training workshops for project participants and local news media. The early success of Cleveland Health Quality Choice Coalition demonstrates that it is possible for purchasers and providers to cooperatively assess the quality of health care on a regional basis and to institute a market-based strategy for health care reform. Further evaluation is needed to determine how performance data being reported are used by purchasers in selecting health care and by hospitals for quality improvement.

Blocking the Liberal Agenda in House Committees: The Role of the Conservative Coalition

Previous scholarly research has relied upon participant observation and indirect measures such as southern Democrats in positions of power to determine the presence and success of the Conservative Coalition in congressional committees. These measures are used in turn to ascertain the relationship between Conservative Coalition committee success and subsequent Conservative Coalition floor success. A more realistic measure of CC committee success, constructed from previously unavailable committee roll call votes, reveals the Conservative Coalition appears at approximately the same rate as it does on the floor and is slightly more successful in committee. A portion of the variation in the Conservative Coalition committee success rate is explained by a regression model utilizing a measure of CC committee strength and two measures of committee chair influence as independent variables. The analysis reveals the strongest predictor of CC committee success is the willingness of the chair to join the CC followed by...

A Decade of Joint Action: The Success of a Model Coalition in California

The Joint Action Committee of Organizations Of and Serving the Visually Handicapped (JAC) is a coalition of 24 California organizations for consumers, parents, and professionals, agencies, and distributors of products. This article highlights JAC's accomplishments in the past 10 years and describes the mechanics of organizing, operating, and maintaining such a coalition, which could be replicated in other states.

In the office: Networks and coalitions

Abstract The study of the internal politics of an office demonstrates that levelling coalitions derive from established networks. This contradicts the view that network analysis is not useful in the study of levelling coalitions. Sixteen months of observation of office politics, particularly the functioning of levelling coalitions in the informal structure, could not be understood apart from the social networks from which they had sprung. Recruitment to and participation in the levelling coalitions derives directly from the existing networks. The analysis also demonstrates that the success or failure of the levelling coalition is dependent upon the relationships held and manipulated by the target. In order to understand the conflicts and be able to predict their outcome coalitions and networks must be analyzed.