Subtotal Abdominal Hysterectomy Research Articles

Factors Associated with Short-Term Surgical Outcomes Among Women Presenting with Pelvic Peritonitis at Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza, Tanzania.

Pelvic peritonitis is a rarely reported pathological condition in literature and emergency laparotomies are a common surgical procedure performed for these conditions in developing countries. This study was designed to investigate factors that are associated with short-term surgical outcomes among women with pelvic peritonitis. The study included retrospective and prospective data obtained between November 2021 and May 2022 from Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Standardized data collection tool was used to capture clinical, surgical and laboratory data. Descriptive data analysis was done using STATA version 13. A total of 101 participants were recruited; 22 prospectively and 79 retrospectively. The median age was 29[Interquartile range (IQR) 24 to 35] years. Majority (76.2%) of participants were referred patients. Obstetric related peritonitis 82.2% (83/101) was the most frequently detected with a necrotic and or dehiscent lower uterine segment (LUS) that necessitated a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (STAH) being the commonest (40.8%) intraoperative finding. Postoperative complications were reported in 36.7% (36/98) and were significantly associated with pulse rates >100b/min (P=.041) and platelets <150 × 103 mm3 (P=.049). The median length of hospital stay was 19[IQR: 7 to 35] days and temperature >37.5°C (aOR=5.08, 95% CI 1.23-20.97, P=.025) independently predicted prolonged hospital stay. Death occurred in 9.2% of patients and having ASA score of 5 (P=.045) was associated with death. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (85.2%) were the predominant pathogens causing pelvic peritonitis. A significant proportion of patients with pelvic peritonitis and deranged sepsis markers develop short-term surgical complications with a significant number of those with fever stay more than 14 days. There is a need of timely complete sepsis work up of the patients with pelvic peritonitis to ensure appropriate management is instituted to prevent associated morbidity and mortality.

5-year review of hysterectomy at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, south-south Nigeria

Context: Hysterectomy is a major surgical procedure that is performed worldwide for several indications ranging from benign to malignant conditions. It may be life-saving especially in certain obstetric situations.&#x0D; Objective: The aim was to determine the incidence, indications and complications of hysterectomy in Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of hysterectomy performed in DELSUTH, Oghara from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st 2016. Every patient that had hysterectomy was included.&#x0D; Results: During the period, there were there 468 major gynaecological surgeries. Eighty-five patients had hysterectomy accounting for 18.2%. The mean age of the patients was 47.9±10.6 years. Majority (46.6%) of the patients were para 5 and above. The mean parity was 3.2±0.83. Uterine fibroid accounted for majority (30.0%) of the cases. Total abdominal hysterectomy accounted for 78.75% while 8.75% had sub-total abdominal hysterectomy and 12.5% had vaginal hysterectomy. Fifty-two percent of the patients had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy while 6.25% had unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Anaemia and wound sepsis were the most common complications. One patient (1.25%) ended as a mortality during the period under review.&#x0D; Conclusion: The indications for, and surgical outcome following hysterectomy are comparable to that from other public hospitals across the country.

OVARIAN CYST MASQUERADING AS CERVICAL STUMP LEIOMYOMA IN A WOMAN AFTER SUBTOTAL HYSTERECTOMY: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION.

Introduction: Pelvic masses that seem to be ovarian masses on imaging are many times, actually broids, which can be subserosal, or true/ false broad ligament broids. Many cases of broids mimicking ovarian masses/ malignancy have been reported, but rarely any case can be found where an ovarian mass, especially a hemorrhagic cyst mimicked a broid. We present a case of a woman who, was post subtotal hysterectomy, presented with a midline homogenous mass suggesting a cervical stump broid but on operation table was diagnosed to be an ovarian mass. 47years old P2L2 woman presented with insidious dull aching lower abdominal p Case report: ain and an ultrasound report showing a midline 10 x 10cm pelvic mass. She had undergone a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy 15 years ago for symptomatic uterine broid. Examination and higher imaging suggested a cervical stump broid. On laparotomy, it was a well-circumscribed oval mass with a smooth surface, stuck in the pouch of Douglas originating from the right infundibulopelvic ligament with torsion (one twist). It was a thick-walled cyst with dried spongy hemorrhagic content. Histopathology conrmed the diagnosis of hemorrhagic cyst. A mass that is likely broid on imag Conclusion: ing preoperatively rarely turns out to be an ovarian mass during surgery. A hemorrhagic ovarian cyst can present in a subacute form mimicking a solid neoplasm or a solid broid.

Colposcopic Cervical Findings after Subtotal Abdominal Hysterectomy

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the main reasons of cancer death in developing countries around the world, with an incidence sixty-one percent of females, so it is important to detect precancerous lesion to decrease morbidity and mortality rates due to cervical cancer.

The Prevalence, Indications, Outcomes of the Most Common Major Gynecological Surgeries in Kazakhstan and Recommendations for Potential Improvements into Public Health and Clinical Practice: Analysis of the National Electronic Healthcare System (2014-2019).

Major gynecological surgeries are indicated for the treatment of female genital pathologies. It is key to examine trends in gynecologic surgical procedures and updated recommendations by international gynecological societies to find opportunities for improvement of local guidelines. To date, a very limited number of reports have been published on the epidemiology of gynecological surgeries in Kazakhstan. Moreover, some local guidelines for gynecological conditions do not comply with the international recommendations. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence, indications, and outcomes of the most common major gynecological surgeries by analyzing large-scale Kazakhstani healthcare data, and identifying possible opportunities for improvement of the local public health and clinical practice. A descriptive, population-based study among women who underwent a gynecological surgery in healthcare settings across the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014-2019 was performed. Data were collected from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Health System (UNEHS). In total, 80,401 surgery cases were identified and analyzed in the UNEHS database for a period of 6 years (2014-2019). The median age of the participants was 40 years old, with 61.1% in reproductive age. The most prevalent intervention was a unilateral salpingectomy-29.4%, with 72.6% patients aged between 18-34 years. The proportion of different types of hysterectomies was 49.4%. In 20% of cases, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was performed due to uterine leiomyoma. The proportion of laparoscopic procedures in Kazakhstani gynecological practice is as low-11.59%. The Kazakhstani public health and gynecological care sector should reinforce implementation of contemporary treatment methods and up-to-date policies and guidelines. The overall trends in surgical procedures performed for gynecological pathologies, including uterine leiomyoma and ectopic pregnancy treatment, should be changed in favor of the minimally invasive methods in order to adopt a fertility-sparing approach.

Subtotal hysterectomy reviewed: a stable or aperture for stump cervical malignancy. A referral hospital experience.

To review the malignant potential of the stump after subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. Material and methods: Thirty-three patients with stump malignancy were diagnosed and treated between January 2018 and January 2022. All patients primarily underwent subtotal hysterectomy (STH) outside our hospital due to different indications, most of which seemed non-convincing. Upon presentation, they were evaluated properly and offered the best management plan. The presenting symptoms were abnormal histopathology report in 8 patients (24.24%), abnormal bleeding in 7 patients (21.21%), and postcoital bleeding and abnormal Pap smear in 6 patients (18.18%). The primary site of malignancy was endometrial in 17 patients (51.51%), on top of fibroid in 6 patients (18.18%), and cervical in 5 patients (15.15%). Eighteen patients (54.54%) underwent proper surgery, 9 patients (27.277%) were referred for chemoradiation, and 6 patients (18.18%) were candidates for palliative therapy. Stump cancer cases show a worse stage silhouette compared with cancer cases in intact uteruses. The high prevalence of cervical stump problems should be taken into account before a change in surgical approach from total to STH is deemed possible. Further prospective studies with prolonged follow-up periods are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of retaining the cervix at hysterectomy. Subtotal hysterectomy is easier, does not require distinct skills that lead to experience and follow-up, and must be limited to the narrowest limits of practice, provided that the woman knows that there are no health benefits to keeping the cervix in place.

Total Uterine Inversion After Normal Vaginal Delivery: A Case Report

Puerperal uterine inversion is a rare obstetric emergency that may cause maternal mortality. We describe a multiparous woman with total uterine inversion after a normal vaginal delivery. A 28-years-old, gravid 3, pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital in the first stage of labor. She had a past medical history of curettage due to abnormal vaginal bleeding following her second vaginal delivery and the present pregnancy proceeded without complications. After the delivery, due to the history of placental adhesion, umbilical cord traction was avoided and after 20 min, the patient was asked to push hard. During a Valsalva maneuver, the uterus and the placenta were suddenly expelled from the vagina. The placenta was completely adherent to the decidua and the patient displayed no signs of shock. Then manual repositioning of the uterus was performed by a closed fist and a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed placenta accreta and the placenta was found completely adherent at the fundus. Uterine inversion usually occurs unexpectedly and is unpreventable in some cases. Assessment of the possible risk factors before delivery may help predict its occurrence. Therefore, in women with a positive history, special measures should be taken in the third stage of labor to manage the possibility of inversion.

Total Versus Subtotal Abdominal Hysterectomy at Time of Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy

Total Versus Subtotal Abdominal Hysterectomy at Time of Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy

Surgical Trends and Time Frame Comparison of Surgical Types of Hysterectomy: A Nationwide, Population-based 15-year Study

To investigate the surgical trends among different types of hysterectomy (abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic, and subtotal) over a 15-year period in Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study. A population-based National Health Insurance Research Database. Women undergoing various types of hysterectomy for noncancerous lesions. Data for this study were extracted from the inpatient expenditures by admissions files of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1998 through 2012 and divided into three 5-year time frames: first (1998-2002), second (2003-2007), and third (2008-2012). The variables included types of hysterectomy, patient age, gynecologist age and sex, hospital accreditation level, and surgical volume. Chi-square and trend tests were used to examine the association between the variables. A total of 329 438 patients who underwent various types of hysterectomy were identified; 306 257 were included in the study. During the 15-year period, 45% underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, 41% underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), 9.8% underwent vaginal hysterectomy, and 4.2% underwent subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. The frequency of LHs increased from 35.9% in the first period to 43.9% in the second period and remained at 44.2% in the third period. During the same time period, there was a decrease in the frequency of total abdominal hysterectomies. Typically, younger patients underwent LHs by gynecologists with large volume surgical practices and medical centers. This 15-year study describes an increase of LHs and subtotal abdominal hysterectomies over time and provides evidence of surgical trends and a paradigm shift of hysterectomies. Surgical skills and performance extended from high- to low-surgical volume gynecologists and from medical centers to regional and local hospitals. This shift may have a great influence on patient and health care provider choice of treatment.

Pelvic floor symptoms 5 to 14years after total versus subtotal hysterectomy for benign conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We aim to compare total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomy regarding urinary and bowel symptoms and pelvic organ prolapse at long-term follow-up. A systematic literature search was performed on the MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL and SCOPUS databases and conference abstracts (AAGL, AUGS, ICS) from inception up to November 2017. We included randomized trials comparing total versus subtotal hysterectomy for benign conditions that evaluated pelvic floor symptoms over 5years of follow-up. Risk of bias and GRADE assessment for quality of evidence were performed. We included four studies involving 566 participants with follow-up ranging from 5 to 14years. Women who underwent total hysterectomy presented lower risk of reported urinary incontinence [RR 0.74 (CI = 0.58, 0.94) i2 0%; p = 0.02] and stress urinary incontinence [RR 0.84 (CI = 0.71, 0.99) i2 0%; p = 0.04] than those who had subtotal hysterectomy. The events urinary frequency, urge incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying, pelvic organ prolapse, incontinence of stool and constipation did not favor one procedure over another in the long term (P > 0.05). Patient-reported urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence events favored total hysterectomy over subtotal hysterectomy up to 14-year long-term follow-up.

FREQUENCY, CAUSES AND OUTCOME OF POST PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE AT LIAQAT MEMORIAL HOSPITAL KOHAT, PAKISTAN

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, causes and outcome of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) at Liaqat Memorial Hospital (LMH) Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat, Pakistan.METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted on diagnosed patients of PPH admitted in labour room of LMH, KIMS, Kohat, Pakistan. Data regarding mode of delivery, management and outcome of PPH was collected from January 2011 to December 2015. The blood loss measurement was subjective. The standard criterion for PPH definition and classification was used. The data was analysed via SPSS-21.RESULTS: Out of 46266 deliveries during the study period, documented PPH cases were 1453 (3.14%). The most common cause of PPH was atonic uterus (n=566; 38.95%), followed by genital tract trauma (n=489; 33.7%). Primary PPH was seen in 1408 (96.9%) cases. Out of 1453 cases of PPH, 993 (68.34%) had C/section, 330 (22.71 %) were delivered vaginally and 130 (8.95%) had abdominal delivery for ruptured uterus. Conservative medical management was done in 535 (36.82%) patients; repair of various kinds of tears was done in 489 (33.65%) patients and subtotal abdominal hysterectomy in 198 (13.63%) cases. Nine (0.62%) patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 7 (0.48%) patients had ruptured bladder along with ruptured uterus, 5 (0.34%) patients had renal failure and 3 (0.21%) patients developed pulmonary edema. Thirty five (2.41 %) patients died due to PPH.CONCLUSION: In all the observed patients of PPH, atonic uterus and genital tract trauma were the main causes while DIC and ruptured uterus were main complications of PPH.KEY WORDS: Postpartum Haemorrhage (MeSH), Uterine Inertia (MeSH), Atonic uterus (Non-MeSH), Uterine Rupture (MeSH), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (MeSH), Maternal Mortality (MeSH), Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (Non-MeSH)

Costs and mortality rates of surgical approaches to hysterectomy in Brazil.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo analyze the costs of hysterectomies performed in Brazil due to benign conditions, and to assess its hospital admittance and mortality rates.METHODSA retrospective cohort was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, analyzing all hysterectomies (n = 428,346) registered on the DATASUS database between January 2010 and December 2014. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 for Windows.RESULTSHospital admissions were 300,231 for total abdominal hysterectomies, 46,056 for vaginal hysterectomies, 29,959 for subtotal abdominal hysterectomies and 1,522 for laparoscopic hysterectomies. Mortality rates were 0.26%, 0.09%, 0.07% and 0.05% for subtotal, total abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. Among the procedures studied, total abdominal hysterectomies had the most costs (R$217,802,574.77), followed by vaginal hysterectomies (R$24,173,490.00), subtotal abdominal hysterectomies (R$19.253.300,00) and laparoscopic hysterectomies (R$794,680.40).CONCLUSIONSTotal abdominal hysterectomies had the highest overall costs mainly because it was the most commonly performed technique. Mortality rates were greatest in subtotal abdominal hysterectomies; this, however, may be due to bias related to missing data in our database.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the uterine corpus: A rare presentation

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare benign soft tissue tumor usually affecting the female pelvis and perineum. A 16‑year‑old girl presented on June 23, 2016, with vaginal protrusion of 1‑year duration. Examination revealed protrusion through the introitus; it was hyperemic with necrosis. Investigation revealed urinalysis that revealed blood (+), leucocytes (+), and others normal; Swab (taken from purulent discharge on the protruded mass) microscopy revealed numerous pus cells; and culture yielded no growth. Abdominopelvic ultrasound (USS) showed left‑sided pelvic soft tissue mass with no features of metastasis. Other investigations were normal. She had polypectomy with subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. Histology revealed benign AA. A rare tumor of the genital tract had been presented with a diagnostic dilemma. However, confirmation of diagnosis was easy with histology. Keywords: Angiomyxoma; uterine corpus; vaginal protrusion

Torsion of a nongravid uterus with a massive ovarian tumor: a case report

This article reports a case of a uterine torsion in an elderly woman who was diagnosed ovarian tumor pre-operation. An 83-year-old woman was admitted to the present hospital with acute lower abdominal pain, presenting with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination revealed that the general status was poor and a large abdominal mass about 20&#x00D7;25 cm was visible and palpable in the pelvic with tenderness. A preoperative diagnosis of torsion of an ovarian cyst was made and laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, a right ovarian cystic tumor about 30&#x00D7;30&#x00D7;25 cm was not twisted and the uterine corpus had undergone a 180-degree rotation along the transition between the corpus and the cervix uteri. Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were carried out. The tumor was classified as a benign epithelial neoplasm of the ovary accompanied by hemorrhagic necrosis, not only of the cyst but also of the uterine corpus. The diagnosis and treatment of nongravid uterine torsion are deserving of discussion and study.

Emergency obstetric hysterectomy for life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage: A 12-year review.

The aim of the study was to review the operative experiences of emergency hysterectomy for life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) performed over a 12-year period at Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital; to examine the incidence and risk factors for emergency obstetric hysterectomy; and to evaluate the curative effectiveness and safety of subtotal hysterectomy for life-threatening PPH.The records of all cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy performed at Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital between January 2004 and June 2016 were analyzed. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of hysterectomy, the peripartum complications, and the coagulation function indices were evaluated.A total of 152,023 of women were delivered. The incidence of emergency postpartum hysterectomy was 0.63 per 1000 deliveries: 96 patients underwent hysterectomy for uncontrolled PPH, 19 (0.207‰) underwent hysterectomy following vaginal delivery, and 77 (1.28‰) underwent the procedure following cesarean delivery (P < .001). Common risk factors included postpartum prothrombin activity ≤ 50% (61.5%), placenta accreta (43.76%), uterine atony (37.5%), uterine rupture (17.5%), and grand multiparity > 6 (32.3%). Forty-one patients underwent subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (STH) and 55 patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TH). The mean operation time was significantly shorter for TH (193.59 ± 83.41 minutes) than for STH (142.86 ± 78.32 minutes; P = .002). The mean blood loss was significantly greater for TH (6832 ± 787 mL) than for STH (6329 ± 893 mL; P = .003). The mean number of red cell units transfusion was higher during TH (16.24 ± 9.48 units vs 12.43 ± 7.2, respectively; P = .047). Postoperative prothrombin activity was significantly higher than preoperative levels (56.84 ± 14.74 vs 44.39 ± 15.69, respectively; P < .001) in women who underwent TH and in those who underwent STH (57.63 ± 15.68 vs 47.87 ± 12.86, respectively; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the maternal complications after TH or STH for PPH.Cesarean deliveries were associated with an increased risk of emergency hysterectomy, and postpartum prothrombin activity < 50% was the greatest risk factor for hysterectomy in most women who underwent hysterectomy. STH was the preferred procedure for emergency obstetric hysterectomy.

Incidence and Complications of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Study at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute, Dhaka

Introduction: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is a major surgical venture performed in the setting of life threatening hemorrhage during or immediately after abdominal and vaginal deliveries. In developing countries, 8-10% of maternal mortality directly occurs due to massive obstetrical hemorrhage. Most common indication for emergency peripartum hysterectomy has been uterine atony and uterine rupture. The decision to perform an emergency hysterectomy on a young woman especially one with low parity poses a dilemma for the obstetrician particularly in our society.&#x0D; Objective: To estimate incidence, indications and postoperative complications associated with emergency hysterectomy at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Azimpur, Dhaka.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study and registration numbers of all women who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy were indentified. With the numbers, the case notes were retrieved from the medical records department for in-depth study. Information abstracted included the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, indications for the hysterectomy, type of hysterectomy performed, booking status of patients, mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery and maternal outcome were recorded in a pre-designed data form. The data were analyzed using simple proportion, rates and tables.&#x0D; Results: There were 18 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomies performed during the study period of January 2011 to December 2013 (incidence 1.26/1000 deliveries). Commonest age of the middle group was 29-34 years. Ruptured uterus was the commonest indication (9 cases, 50%) and other indications were uterine atony/ PPH (8 cases, 44.44%), placenta praevia (1 case, 5.56%). Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was done in 17(94.44%) cases whereas total abdominal hysterectomy in 01(5.56%) cases. This emergency procedure was associated with significant number of intraoperative and postoperative complications, However maternal and perinatal outcome was satisfactory.&#x0D; Conclusion: EPH remains an essential life saving procedure and its incidence continues to remain high in our community when compared with developed countries. Effective antenatal care, identification of patients at risk, enhancement of blood transfusion facilities together with improvement of surgical skills are important to reduce the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy as well as morbidity and mortality.&#x0D; Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 106-110

Perforation of pyometra presenting as obstructive acute abdomen and peritonitis: a case report

ABSTRACT We report a rare case of a 67-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting diffuse peritonitis secondary to spontaneous perforation of pyometra with obstructive acute abdomen. During laparotomy was performed subtotal abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The histopathology found the presence of moderately differentiated uterine squamous cell carcinoma. Despite intensive care, the patient died due to multiple organ failure resulting from sepsis on postoperative day 1. This case shows the importance of clinical suspicion on the acute gynecological diseases presenting as a systemic disease in the emergency room.

Level of HE4 is Correlated with Diagnosis of Struma Ovarii: A Case Report

Patient: Female, 75Final Diagnosis: Ovarian teratomaSymptoms: Chronic pelvic painMedication: —Clinical Procedure: Tumor resectionSpecialty: OncologyObjective:Rare diseaseBackground:Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian teratoma with non-specific clinical presentation that can mimic malignancy, especially when combined with the presence of ascites. Since the surgical procedures performed for benign and malignant tumors are quite different, pre-operative differential diagnosis is key. In this case report we compare the levels of biomarkers CA 125 and HE4 in the differential diagnosis of a suspicious ovarian tumor.Case Report:A 75-year-old woman with a palpable mass at the left adnexa, ascites, and high levels of CA 125, underwent a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histology reported benign struma ovarii.Conclusions:Even though transvaginal ultrasound and CA 125 levels suggested malignancy, HE4 measurements correctly diagnosed benignity.

Hysterectomy trends for benign indications over a 15-year period in an academic teaching center in Poland: a retrospective cohort study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the operative trends for various types of hysterectomy due to benign indications, between 2001 and 2015, at the 2nd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, as compared to the National Health Service (NHS) registry in Poland. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Data from the Internal Hospital Discharge Registry and Pathological Results Registry have been compared to the NHS database, which has been available nationwide since 2009. The study group included 5629 women who underwent hysterectomy due to benign indications. During the study period, the following number of procedures were performed: total abdominal hysterectomy - 344 (6.11%), total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy - 1760 (31.27%), total vaginal hysterectomy - 563 (10.00%), subtotal abdominal hysterectomy - 2536 (45.05%), and laparoscopically-assisted subtotal hysterectomy (LASH) - 426 (7.57%). The abdominal route, with the preference for subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, was the main approach to hysterectomy. Symptomatic fibroids were the most common indication for the procedure. Comparison of data collected over the last five years revealed a significant difference in the approach to hysterectomy in favor of subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (SAH) and LASH. Less invasive techniques of hysterectomy (LASH, SAH), which are the preferred choice at the 2nd Department of Gynecology (Lublin), are safe and effective options of treating benign conditions. We are of the opinion that these ap-proaches should be offered to patients instead of more radical techniques. Proper training of physicians may influence the decision-making process in favor of minimally invasive techniques.

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus: A report of four cases and a review of the literature.

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma (CDL), also termed Sternberg tumor, is a variant of uterine leiomyoma that is rarely diagnosed by clinical evaluation. At present, ~43 cases of CDL have been reported in the literature written in the English language. Due to the distinctive grapelike gross appearance of an exophytic mass resembles placental tissue, CDL is often misdiagnosed clinically as an ovarian tumor or uterine sarcoma. Therefore, an awareness of the features of the disease is important to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment. The present study reports 4 cases of CDL of the uterus that were treated at the Second Hospital of Jilin University between January 2009 and December 2011. All 4 patients in the current study presented with a palpable asymptomatic pelvic mass, which was detected during physical examinations, and cancer antigen 125 tumor marker levels that were within the normal range. The exploratory laparotomy of the 4 patients revealed lobulated tumors with a grapelike appearance extending from the lateral uterine wall into the ligament or the adjacent tissues. The frozen section and postoperative pathology were diagnosed as CDL. A total abdominal hysterectomy was performed in the first case of a 55-year-old woman that had been in menopause for 7 years. The patient was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 48 months of follow-up. A total abdominal hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy were performed in the second case of a 43-year-old woman, who was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 26 months of follow-up. A subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed in the third case of a 37-year-old woman, who was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 27 months of follow-up. A total abdominal hysterectomy and right-salpingectomy were performed with the removal of a retroperitoneal fibroid extension in the fourth case of a 48-year-old woman, who was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 32 months of follow-up.