Regulation Subsystem Research Articles

Off-design performance analysis of supercritical CO2 mixture Brayton cycle with floating critical points

The thermodynamic performance of supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton cycle deteriorates significantly due to the mismatch between the cold source temperature and the working fluid’s critical point. Here, we present the first study on the off-design performance of a novel supercritical CO2 mixture Brayton cycle with floating critical points. A distillation based regulation subsystem is integrated into the power cycle to dynamically adjust the circulating composition of the binary CO2 mixture, thereby making its critical point float with the ambient temperature and achieving good temperature matching. The off-design behavior of the system operating with the representative mixture is investigated based on an in-house code. The influence of trigger conditions of critical point regulation on energy consumption of the regulation process is investigated. When the maximum temperature difference of the design points for consecutive days is set to 3 °C, the equivalent power consumption can be limited to 2.34 × 106 MJ per year, which affects the annual efficiency by less than 1 %. The results confirms that using the floating critical point method can improve the annual efficiency by 7 %-10.9 % and improve the specific output power by 6.1 %-9.4 % compared to the sCO2 cycle, depending on the power plant locations.

Development of a Low Cost Extrusion Based 3D Printer for High Performance Engineering Polymers

The development of a low cost 3D printer is presented for high performance polymers by example of a PEI type material. The development steps and technical alternatives opted for during the design process are outlined in two cycles targeting first printing of non-demanding thermoplastics, such as ABS, PLA etc., followed by an upgrade to printing PEI and similar high performance polymers. Subsystems discussed pertain to the frame, CNC axes including feed motors and motion control, the extruder, hot end and nozzle. Of particular interest are modifications concerning the temperature setting and regulation subsystems of the printer work volume and the printing table. Calibration procedures with pitfalls and solutions is discussed and a documented series of finally successful tests for Ultem1010TM is presented.

PERAN SISTEM INFORMASI KESEHATAN BERBASIS WEBSITE DALAM MENDUKUNG PENYELENGGARAAN PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

Along with the development of the health service system, the government realizes the importance of data and information in the health sector to organize effective and efficient health efforts. Health information with precise, accurate and accountable data is needed because it is the main source for making health decisions. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of website-based health information systems in supporting the implementation of health development in Indonesia. This study uses the method of library studies (systematic review) with search engines used in the search for literature such as Google Scholar and Garuda with keywords Health Information Systems, websites and Health Development. The resulting articles were selected based on publications published between 2018 to 2022. The results showed the role of website-based health information systems in supporting the implementation of health development in Indonesia by paying attention to human resources, infrastructure and cost allocation. The conclusion of this study shows that SIK is part of the subsystem of Health Management and regulation that is able to produce adequate health policy, administration and information functions and is able to support the implementation of health development efforts in Indonesia.

Resilience Assessment of Urban Complex Giant Systems in Hubei Section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on Multi-Source Data

Due to a lack of guidance in urban systems thinking, China’s rapid urbanization has intensified the interactions and coercive effects between the various urban space subsystems. As a result, “urban diseases” such as environmental pollution, frequent earthquakes, and unbalanced urban–rural development have spread. As a complex giant system, the exploration of urban resilience enhancement is critical to ensuring the joint spatial development of cities and towns. Based on the PSR model, this study screens 38 indicators in five levels of the natural-material-economic-social-intelligent regulation subsystem of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area urban giant system, and constructs a multi-source data resilience assessment framework. Likewise, it employs the Geodetector model to investigate the key factors impacting the resilience mechanism. The results demonstrate that: (1) between 2011 and 2020, the overall resilience in the Hubei section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area increased from low to high and the coupled characterization of the “pressure-state-response” increased at different rates, with the state layer increasing the most; (2) the frequency of geological hazards, urbanization rate, and total number of early warning and monitoring of geological hazards are the key factors that contribute to changes in spatial resilience; (3) enhanced resilience is the result of the synergistic effects of different driving factors. Our model is used to assess the resilience of the urban system, assisting decision-makers in planning strategies to respond to urban system problems effectively and improve urban resilience.

Стійкість систем векторного керування напругою асинхронного генератора

The paper presents an analysis of the stability properties of typical structures of induction generators-based vector control systems with linear proportional-integral currents and DC-link voltage controllers. The study is based on the mathematical model of an induction machine taking into account the magnetization curve. It provides the modification of the typical voltage-flux vector control algorithm by considering the saturation of the magnetic system. The stability proof problem of an induction generator-based generation system is that its model is nonlinear and nonminimal-phase, and that the dynamics of the DC-link voltage is nonlinear even for a constant flux linkage and speed due to the presence of nonlinear components which are proportional to active losses. The conditions which provide consideration of the reduced-order system dynamics are formulated and properties of local asymptotic stability of the generation system with typical vector control algorithms are proven based on the singular perturbation theory. It is shown that the local asymptotic stability is ensured when the regulation processes of the DC-link voltage and the torque-forming stator current component are decoupled, which is achieved due to the proposed special adjustment of the voltage and current controllers. A modified vector control algorithm of induction generator is studied in simulation and experimentally. At the first stage, the system dynamics is investigated when the flux subsystem is in equilibrium point. As a result, the possibility of the reduced-order system consideration for the design and analysis of the voltage regulation subsystem was confirmed. At the second stage, the dynamic behavior of the voltage control loop for different settings of the controllers was experimentally investigated. It is shown that the configuration of the voltage control algorithm proposed in the work provides the timescale separation of the current and DC-link voltage regulation processes, as well as their quasi-decoupling.

Mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity

Relevance of research topic. In modern conditions of globalization and strengthening the international integration processes, the enterprises foreign economic activity (FEA) acquires strategic importance for their further development. Formulation of the problem. Today, one of the problems facing business entities in their foreign economic activity is the lack of an effective mechanism for its financial regulation. Taking into account the leading role of financial and economic factors in the management of the foreign economic activity, such a mechanism would allow enterprises to implement effectively their foreign economic strategy and improve their competitive positions in the foreign markets. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of financial mechanisms and financial regulation are the subject of research in the professional scientific literature on the theory of finance. Certain issues related to the financial regulation of enterprises’ foreign economic activity are studied in scientific papers on foreign economic activity, financial management, foreign economic activity management, strategic management of the foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A thorough study must be conducted on the specifics of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the level of business entities, as well as on the creation and functioning of a financial self-regulation mechanism in foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Developing a mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, and studying its components, taking into account the peculiarities of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the micro-level. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating a separate mechanism on the enterprises carrying out foreign economic activity, aimed at its financial regulation. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal framework and scientific research on foreign economic activity and enterprise finances, the features of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity are determined, which should be taken into account when building an appropriate mechanism. The mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is developed and its components are investigated. The field of application of results. Scientific research of the problems of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "Finance", "Foreign economic activity"). Conclusions according to the article. When forming the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the peculiarities of such a regulation at the business entities level should be taken into account. The structure of the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is built based on its belonging to the general mechanism of enterprise management, the mechanism of foreign economic activity management, the financial mechanism of enterprises, and the monetary-financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. The structure includes financial management of business entity foreign economic activity as a set of target, functional, providing, and management subsystems, as well as a subsystem of financial levers through which the influences on foreign economic activity are made, and a direct regulation subsystem. Along with the key role of state regulation, the enterprises’ managers must make and implement independent decisions, develop their own systems of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the corporate level.

Dynamic evaluation of regional water resources carrying capacity based on set pair analysis and partial connection number

Abstract In order to quantitatively evaluate and analyze regional water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) and to describe the micro motion between connection number components, a more applicable evaluation model was sought. Firstly, an evaluation index system and grade standards for a regional WRCC were constructed. Then, a method for determining the connection number was proposed, which considered the micro motion between the connection number components in the system structure. Finally, an evaluation model based on set pair analysis (SPA) and partial connection number (PCN) that used subtraction set pair potential (SPP) to identify vulnerability factors was built, and identification results were compared with the total partial connection number (TPCN). The model was applied to Huaibei City, Anhui Province, China. The results showed that: the WRCC grade value was between 2 and 3 which was poor; the support and regulation subsystem grade value was between 2 and 3, and the pressure subsystem grade value was between 1 and 2. SPP identified that the support force and regulation force subsystem were the vulnerable subsystems. Eight indexes, including water resources per capita, rate of ecological water consumption and density of population, were the main indicators causing the poor WRCC, which were in good agreement with the local measured data. In addition, the SPP and TPCN were compared to further verify rationality of the connection number determination method and reliability of the identification results. The model established in this paper has strong applicability and can also be used for the dynamic evaluation of other resources, including the environment and ecological carrying capacity. The results in this study provide a scientific basis for water resources management and decision-making.

A miniature ultrasound M-Mode imaging system based on time delay spectrometry

For wearable ultrasound applications, power and safety are a concern. We have developed an imaging method based on time-delay spectrometry (TDS) that employs a low-voltage, wideband chirp to establish a relationship between reflector depth and frequency by mixing the transmit and receive signals. We will show a low power, 4 channel ultrasound M-Mode system capable of tracking in vivo muscle interfaces in the forearm. The battery powered imaging system consists of power regulation subsystem, a RF chirp subsystem, and four channels consisting of a transmit RF amplifier, a mixing unit, and a receive amplifier which are sampled at 40 KSPS by a processor with a four channel ADC. The processor performs an FFT on each demodulated return to get 4 scanlines that are tracked over time to produce M-Mode images that are sent to a host computer. The wearable system can provide M-Modes images of up to 4 cm in forearm at a framerate of 50 Hz for ∼7 h with a total power consumption of 1.92 W. We demonstrate the ability of a miniaturized TDS ultrasound imaging system to collect in-vivo M-Modes that can be used for long term monitoring. The system can be used for wearable applications due to its low power consumption. [United States Department of Defense, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program, award number W81XWH-16-1-0722 (PI: S Sikdar). National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. U01EB027601.]

Optimal sizing of stand-alone wind-powered seawater reverse osmosis plants without use of massive energy storage

A method, which involves genetic algorithms, is presented for the optimal sizing of a system comprising a medium-scale modular seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant powered exclusively by off-grid wind energy. The system uses a water storage reservoir that allows coverage of a particular hourly freshwater demand. The use of massive energy storage devices is discarded, although flywheels are used as a dynamic regulation subsystem as well as an uninterrupted power device to supply energy to the control subsystem. The method considers the interannual variation of wind energy, for which it uses machine learning techniques, and introduces randomness in the daily freshwater demand profile. The control strategy is based on ensuring that the energy consumption of the desalination modules remains in synchrony with wind generation throughout the system’s useful life, either operating under constant pressure and flow conditions or varying these parameters within an acceptable range. The proposed method is applied to a case study, aiming to cover a freshwater demand of 1825 × 103 m3/year, which is equivalent to the water production of a desalination plant with a 5000 m3/day capacity. As the proposed method evaluates the influence of diverse economic and technical parameters, it constitutes a useful tool in the design and implementation of such systems. The results obtained with the optimal system of the case study are compared with those obtained on the basis of a configuration that uses backup batteries to ensure continuous operation. It is shown that the variable operating strategy provides the optimal economic system.

Новые тренды институциональных изменений системы технического регулирования качества потребительских благ в ЕАЭС

Objective: to evaluate the promising directions of export/re-export of consumer goods quality assessment institutions in theEAEU space, taking into account the implementation of a modern approach to sectoral regulation.Methods: the study uses the methods and tools of institutional analysis, in particular, the analysis of mormative and organizational aspects of the technical regulation systems functioning in the EU and EAEU countries. Results: Over the past two decades, numerous institutional changes have taken place in the system of quality standards for consumer goods. Despite these changes, the system of standards has significant shortcomings, largely associated with the need to take into account the interests of a narrow circle of “influence groups” and the irrational consumer behavior. The turning point in the current situation, which can be observed today, is due to the operational transformation, the complication of the organizational structure of standardization within the country, and the development of digital technologies and the consumer cultural transformation. The analysis of the EAEU technical regulation system showed a contradiction between the quality regulation procedures in the subsystem of regulation, certification, and quality control. Based on the analysis of modern approaches to assessing the quality of consumer goods at the state level, the authors propose an improved institutional design of the technical regulation system of the consumer goods quality. It is also found that, regardless of the results of monitoring within the Eurasian space, the formation of national standards with reference to the standards of other countries is the most probable option for institutional changes in the sphere of technical regulation.Scientific novelty: the study offers recommendations for improving the system of formal institutions for monitoring the consumer goods quality; that includes defining the principles and developing an algorithm for monitoring the consumer goods quality, taking into account the current trends in the development of the technical regulation system of consumer goods quality in the EAEU. Practical significance: the results obtained can be used by the Eurasian Economic Commission, as well as by national bodies for standardization and certification when developing and justifying the strategy of the technical regulation system development.

Redesigning a sustainable bioenergy system using a multi-platform application

This article is a concept that arranges and expands the bioenergy system paradigm that has been widely published by renewable energy experts. The new paradigm is based on the principle of the energy system where all factors must be identified and included because they affect the sustainability of the system’s process, performance and results. The target of this concept is structuring a more holistic and effective analytical technique to guide policymakers, entrepreneurs, and researchers in making decisions and implementing bioenergy projects. The literature review is used as an analytical tool to build this concept and the results of a study indicate that the bioenergy system is all key components that can be grouped into policy and regulation subsystems; the subsystem of the production and bioenergy utilization chain, the bioenergy management subsystem; and the bioenergy infrastructure subsystem. To get sustainability, bioenergy system is necessary to link and identify key materials that are related and interact with the economic, social and environmental pillars that support the sustainable development system. Future prospects are translating the concept of bioenergy system and their constituent components into mathematical models, making a research guide in the future based on agro-industry and regional agro-bioenergy system in Indonesia.

EXTREME REGULATION OF OIL TREATMENT DYNAMICS UNDER GEO-GEOPHYSICAL DATA. PART 1. SYNTHESIS OF AN EXTREME REGULATION SUBSYSTEM

Background The article describes the method of physical feasibility of oil recovery processes with the most complete reservoir development. This is due to the improvement of the reservoir pressure maintenance system (SPPD) when combining oil displacement regimes, research and plugging of non-productive sections of the layers. Aims and Objectives Improving the efficiency of cross-well studies of unproductive sections of reservoirs and methods of redirection of fluid flows in them with extreme adjustments according to geological and geophysical data. Results The required conditions for combining research sub-cycles and plugging unproductive sections of reservoirs with sub-cycles to optimize oil displacement are performed while integrating the SPPD automation subsystems based on geological and geophysical studies. It is shown that for the found structure of the subsystem of extreme regulation, it is possible to use switchable ranges of flow rates as the basis of the improved OORP booster installation. Then metrological studies are reduced to the definitions of performance indicators, «yaw loss», the amplitude of oscillations at the input and output of the system.

Dynamic Feedback Analysis of Influencing Factors of Existing Building Energy-Saving Renovation Market Based on System Dynamics in China

Existing buildings energy-saving renovation is an important means to cope with global warming and an essential component of achieving China’s energy conservation and pollution emissions reduction strategy goals. The development of the energy-saving renovation market is closely related to its influencing factors, which determine the reasons and conditions for the development of the system; therefore, it is necessary to study the influencing factors of energy-saving transformations. System dynamics was applied to explore the feedback relationship between the service subsystem, the demand market subsystem, and the market regulation subsystem. Analysis was performed for the intrinsic influencing factors of the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market and the interaction law of feedback relationship. This paper discusses the basic characteristics of government incentives, Energy Service Company (ESCO) technology innovation, ESCO’s revenue, and owner’s awareness to promote the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market. Base on those, it puts forward suggestions for promoting the market development of existing buildings energy-saving reconstruction. The findings provided a theoretical basis and guiding role for the Chinese government to formulate support policies for existing building energy-saving renovation. At the same time, it also provides reference for other countries to develop existing buildings energy-saving renovation market.

Dynamic performance of high concentration photovoltaic/thermal system with air temperature and humidity regulation system (HCPVTH)

A high concentration photovoltaic/thermal system with air temperature and humidity regulation system (HCPVTH) is proposed as a means to maximize the utilization of solar energy resources. The HCPVTH consists of several subsystems: high concentrating photovoltaic power generation, thermal storage, absorption heat pump, and heat recovery air regulation. A complete energy conversion model of the HCPVTH is established which includes a photovoltaic efficiency model and waste heat utilization thermodynamics model. Variations in efficiency across the system and subsystems with respect to the PV cell surface temperature reveal the maximum overall HCPVTH efficiency. Meteorological parameters and corresponding inter-subsystem coupling mechanisms are obtained according to changes in subsystem performance indicators with respect to time. We reach a maximum overall efficiency of 49.77% (photoelectric conversion and refrigeration efficiency of 35.15% and 78.25%, respectively), tank water mass changing range of 0.82–17.52 L, and maximum energy-savings of 15.40% in the heat recovery air regulation subsystem when PV cell operating temperature is 101 °C, tank capacity is at least 16.7 L, and the air conditioning subsystem is equipped with a heat pipe component. The total provided refrigerating and dehumidifying capacities are respectively 1.189 GJ and 264.907 kg under these conditions. The findings reported in this study may provide guidance for design and operation regulations of each subsystem in HCPVTH.

A Preventive Approach for Solving Battery Imbalance Issue by Using a Bidirectional Multiple-Input Ćuk Converter Working in DCVM

State of charge (SoC) imbalance among batteries in a battery energy storage system (BESS) degrades the system performance and may lead to safety issue. A bidirectional multiple-input Cuk converter for the BESS is proposed to prevent batteries from SoC imbalance issue. Compared to the traditional BESS, the battery balancing and voltage/current regulation subsystems are combined into one. As a result, the overall system complexity is significantly reduced. Moreover, the current flow of each battery is self-adjusted according to its terminal voltage. Therefore, the system does not require sophisticated control algorithm for battery balancing. Moreover, the proposed system has no energy dumping and energy transferring between batteries, which avoids unnecessary energy lose. Due to the nature of multiple-input converter structure, the proposed system can handle certain component failure. The proposed approach of designing the BESS has been investigated through simulation and validated experimentally.

Conceptualizing Functional Distribution of Authority to Regulation Social, Ecological, and Economic Development of Micro-Regions

Objective necessity to conceptualize functional distribution of authority to regulation social, ecological, and economic development of micro-regions has been substantiated to provide efficiency of their policy regulation as well as effective regulating functions. The content of principles to be a basis to regulation social, ecological, and economic development of micro-regions has been shown and developed. Functional and target structure of mechanism to regulation social, ecological, and economic development of micro-region has been proposed. A role of each regulation subsystem has been identified; its purpose and functions have been determined; components and regulation tools have been listed.

Методика анализа зарубежных моделей подготовки кадров для сферы туризма

The article is a part of a summary of the author’s comprehensive research into tourism-specific education in Russia and abroad. The article summarizes the methodological analysis and a comparison of different personnel training models. The author substantiates the conceptual approaches to the analysis in general and to systemically independent heuristic model development in particular. Systemically independent heuristic models serve the purposes of comparative studies of pedagogical systems on the basis of a compositional integral structure with invariant content components. The author defines the concept of «decomposition» of the system of education (hierarchical dependence in the system of education), introduces the concept of «a subsystem of industry regulation» in the sphere of tourist-industry-specific education, identifies the role and significance of supersystem and system restraints and regulators, and develops a methodology for analyzing the structure and content of the models employed for tourist-industry personnel training. The methodology proposed by the author allows to consistently analyze the level of institutional maturity of a system of industry-specific education, the system internal links of a model of education, the content, the structure, the resources, the goals and objectives of personnel training systems. The methodology also provides opportunities for a comparison of national systems of personnel training, identify common development factors, pedagogical conditions for quality education. The article is of value to researchers in pedagogical systems, educators, HE learning and teaching department personnel, and non-specialist audiences interested in the issued of professional education development.

Innovation in Infrastructure Project Finance: A Typology for Conceptualization

Due to the growing demand for civil infrastructure, financial innovations are required to close the financing gap. However, a lack of theories has inhibited a complete understanding and, thus, creation and diffusion of financial innovation. A lack of theory about financial innovations in infrastructure is mainly due to the absence of a framework to conceptualize these innovations. A typology that enables comparison of financial systems and, hence, provide a framework to conceptualize financial innovations is missing in the existing literature. This paper defines innovation in the context of financing, funding and delivery of infrastructure projects and proposes a new typology for conceptualization of the loci and types of financial innovations in infrastructure. The loci of innovations are in risk mitigation, regulation, cash flow, contract, organizational, and capital sub-systems. Types of innovations are classified as either integrated or modular and either sustaining or disruptive. The typology was tested by mapping seven innovations created by the U. S. Federal Highway Administration and diffused into 232 transportation projects between 1994 and 2002. Qualitative comparative analysis was then used to evaluate the diffusion trends of financial innovations in the case studies and to demonstrate the capability of the proposed typology for facilitating theory building in the area of infrastructure financial innovations.

Model of Efficiency Assessment of Regulation In The Banking Seсtor

In this article, the modern system of regulation of the national banking sector is viewed, which, according to the author, needs theoretical judgment, structuring, disclosure of the maintenance of efficiency of functioning is considered. The system of regulation reveals on a system basis, it is offered to consider it as set of elements and the mechanism of their interaction which are formed taking into account target reference points of regulation. Thus it is emphasized that for regulation the contradiction is concluded: achievement of financial stability of functioning of the banking sector, as a rule, contains economic growth. The need for development of theoretical ideas of efficiency of regulation of the banking sector gains special relevance taking into account the latest events connected with revocation of licenses of commercial banks on implementation of bank activity, the high cost of credit resources for managing subjects, an insignificant contribution of the banking sector to ensuring rates of economic growth. The author offered criteria of efficiency of regulation of the banking sector to which are referred: functional, operational, social, and economic efficiency. Functional efficiency opens ability of each subsystem of regulation to carry out the functions ordered by the law. Operational efficiency describes correctness suffered by the regulator and commercial banks of the expenses connected with regulating influence. At last, social and economic efficiency is connected with degree of compliance of a field of activity of the banking sector to requirements of national economy, and responsibility of banking business before society. For each criterion of efficiency of regulation of the banking sector the set of the quantitative and quality indicators, allowing to give the corresponding assessment of the working model of crediting is offered. The aggregated expert assessment of the Russian system of regulation of the banking sector which is characterized as compensatory and satisfactory is given in article.

Modeling of the Blood Pressure Regulation System in Rats Using Genetic Algorithms

Abstract Blood pressure (BP) is one of the principal vital signs. The regulation of normal BP is critical for maintaining the normal functioning of an organism. The structure of the BP regulation in vertebrates, including humans, is very complex and it is not yet fully understood. There are several BP regulation subsystems which interact together. In this study, we analysed and modelled the role of the most important BP regulation systems (sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, L-Arginine/nitric oxide) as well as the role of reactive oxygen species, the imbalance of which is implied in the development of hypertension disease. Our aim is to design a dynamic model of the BP regulation in normotensive rats, which can help us better understand the complex process of BP regulation. The BP responses were measured in conscious rats after acute stress with or without the application of selected drugs, which can inhibit particular regulation subsystems. Linear dynamic models of particular regulation subsystems were identified using genetic algorithms. Each subsystem is a feedback loop, which contains both the system dynamics and the controller. We describe the simulation-based identification procedure of these particular models as well as of the entire BP regulation system.