Substrate In Microbial Fuel Cell Research Articles

Valorization of rice husk for electricity production by enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fuel cell

This work described a combined bioprocess of enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fuel cell (MFC) for electricity production from rice husk (RH). It was found that glucose was produced from RH by enzymatic hydrolysis and reached 1.72 g/L within 20 min. RH hydrolysate was then used as substrate in MFC for electricity production. The peak voltage output of 369 mV and power density of 27.78 mW/m2 were recorded at external resistance of 1000 Ω. The glucose consumption rate could reach 99.6%. A combined bioprocess plant with capacity of 3 t/d RH for electricity production was simulated for economic analysis. The total capital cost (TCC) and annual operating cost (AOC) of the plant were US$ 40565.7 and US$/y 45819, respectively. The unit production cost (UPC) of electricity from RH was 285.3 US$/kW·h. Sensitivity analysis indicated that electricity generation was the largest determinant of the UPC. This study provided a promising way and economic analysis for biofuels production from biomass.

Optimization of Biogas Liquid Waste from Livestock Manure as a Source of Renewable Energy through Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Technology

This study examines the potential of biogas liquid waste as a source of electrical energy through microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. The results showed that biogas effluent in one-room MFC produced a maximum voltage of 1302.2 mV. In the two-room MFC with KMnO4 electrolyte, the voltage reached 1084.3 mV with an electric current of 0.1 mA. At the same time, the two-chamber MFC with K2Cr2O4 advanced a maximum voltage of 1675.8 mV and an electric current of 0.99 mA. Characterization of the MFC substrate showed a decrease in organic matter of biogas liquid waste, with C-organic content of 2.20%, total nitrogen of 1.85%, and C/N ratio of 1.19. The COD value decreased to 500.96 mg/L, while the BOD level decreased to 300.23 mg/L. Bacteria in MFC from biogas effluent are dominantly Gram-positive with rod and Sarcina forms, except for one Gram-negative isolate in the form of Spirillum.

Célula a combustível microbiana de dupla câmara com biocátodo desnitrificante para o tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento da mandioca

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using cassava wastewater as a substrate for dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) operating with denitrifying biocathodes. Two configurations related to the ion exchange membrane used were evaluated: one with an anion exchange membrane (MFC-A) and the other with a cation exchange membrane (MFC-C). Both bioreactors were operated in sequential batch mode. Furthermore, a low-cost platform based on Arduino technology was also proposed to enable continuous measurement and recording of voltage data from the MFCs. The highest voltage values were observed in the first days of MFC operation, with readings reaching approximately 350 mV (0.41 W·m 3) and gradually decreasing after 100 days of operation to 243 mV (0.20 W·m 3) and 125 mV (0.05 W·m 3) for the MFC-A and MFC-C, respectively (mean values for the last 20 days of operation). In both MFCs, the chemical oxygen demand reduction and nitrogen removal were over 98% after reactor stabilization, with no noticeable nitrite accumulation. The experimental results indicated superior performance when MFC was equipped with an anion exchange membrane. The results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of using cassava wastewater as a viable substrate for MFCs equipped with a denitrifying biocathode, allowing for efficient wastewater treatment and simultaneous electricity generation.

Simultaneous biodegradation of Teflaro contained wastewater and electricity generation in an air–cathode microbial fuel cell

Despite the broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, 5th-generation cephalosporin fosamil (Teflaro) is highly resistant to traditional chemical and biological degradation. Here, biodegradation of Teflaro was achieved in a single chamber air–cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC). Using either Teflaro-acetate mixture or pristine Teflaro as the substrate, the MFCs outputted a maximal power density of 0.307 W/m2 with ∼86% degradation rates when inoculated with 100 mg/L Teflaro contained medical wastewater. Compared to a Teflaro-free MFC, the maximal output increased by 2.1 times (∼112 mV), which was attributed to abated transmembrane electrical impedance due to enhanced electron transfer by inhibiting the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan on cell walls. Dynamic microbial community analysis revealed that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the dominant species to generate stable electricity regardless of the altered community structure. This study first revealed that highly resistant antibiotics Teflaro can serve as a MFC substrate to simultaneously generate sustainable electricity and remediate medical wastewater.

Synthesis and fabrication of palm kernel shell-derived modified electrodes: A practical step towards the industrialization of microbial fuel cells

Bioenergy generation and pollution bioremediation using microbial fuel cells (MFC) are the most eco-friendly and sustainable bioelectrochemical methods. The anode material is a major problem in transferring electrons effectively. This condition has the potential to significantly reduce MFC's performance and economic value. In this study, palm kernel shell-derived graphene oxide derivative materials are used as anode electrode, along with metal oxide modifications. This study hopes to improve electron transport as well as formaldehyde (FA) bioremediation efficiency by modifying the palm kernel shell-derived anodes. The anode was fabricated by incorporating palm kernel shell (PKS) waste rGO with metal oxides (TiO2 and ZnO) as modifiers. The anodes were identified as PKS-rGO, PKS-rGO/TiO2, and PKS-rGO/ZnO. PKS-rGO generated a power density of 24.5 mW/m2, while the PKS-rGO/TiO2 composite anode gave a power density of 37.4 mW/m2. PKS-rGO/ZnO, on the other hand, had the highest power density of 43.2 mW/m2. The current density (CD) followed a comparable trend, with the maximum CD for PKS-rGO/ZnO being 111.1 mA/m2. During the anodic biofilm microbial species analysis, the Bacillus siamensis strain and the Brevibacillus parabrevis strain were found to be exoelectrogens. These exoelectrogens are known to transfer electrons to the anode either directly or via their conductive matrix in the form of nanowires or pilli. The maximum bioremediation efficiency in the MFC operation was 87 % for PKS-rGO, 91.70 % for PKS-rGO/TiO2, and 93 % for PKS-rGO/ZnO. The results of the anode biofilm and SEM analysis clearly demonstrate that the fabricated anodes are highly biocompatible with the microbial biofilms. This study further suggests future research prospects for anodic microbial species mortality and organic substrates in MFC.

Biodiversity in microbial fuel cells: Review of a promising technology for wastewater treatment

Microbial variety has many functions, and most bacteria can be employed as a biocatalyst in a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). MFC is an anaerobic bioreactor that transfers chemical energy in organic compound chemical bonds to electrical energy through catalytic reactions of microorganisms. Various microorganisms in the form of a community or consortium have a higher ability to transfer electrons to the anode and increase the degradation of the organic compound than pure cultures. Scientists have known that bacteria may produce electricity by breaking down organic substrates for years. Today, the presence of the energy crisis and batik industry has reignited interest in MFCs among university academics as a technique to convert biomass to hydrogen without releasing net carbon into the atmosphere. Batik wastewater can be used as a substrate for MFC to generate renewable energy (electricity) and bioremediation of chromium. This study reviews a diverse community of bacteria in microbial fuel cells, which may be used to remediate industrial effluent.

Degradation of Metal Ions with Electricity Generation by Using Fruit Waste as an Organic Substrate in the Microbial Fuel Cell

A potential and developing green technology for producing renewable energy and treating wastewater is the microbial fuel cell (MFC). Despite several advancements, there are still several serious problems with this approach. In the present work, we addressed the problem of the organic substrate in MFC, which is necessary for the degradation of metal ions in conjunction with the production of energy. The utilization of fruit waste as a carbon source was strongly suggested in earlier research. Hence, the mango peel was used as a substrate in the current study. Within 25 days of operation, a 102-mV voltage was achieved in 13 days, while the degradation efficiency of Cr3+ was 69.21%, Co2+ was 72%, and Ni2+ was 70.11%. The procedure is carried out in the batch mode, and there is no continuous feeding of the organic substrate. In addition, a detailed explanation of the hypothesized mechanism for this investigation is provided, which focuses on the process of metal ion degradation. Lastly, future and concluding remarks are also enclosed.

Oxidation of food waste as an organic substrate in a single chamber microbial fuel cell to remove the pollutant with energy generation

Lead (Pb2+) is considered a toxic metal ion and has a negative impact on human health. This work demonstrates that the Pb2+ ions in wastewater may be reduced using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The use of waste material as an organic substrate in MFC is the most recent topic of discussion. As a result, the current research focused on using food waste as an organic substrate. In 30 days, the maximum power density was observed at 41.58 mW/m2 with a 95 % removal efficiency of Pb2+. After 30 days of operation, the cyclic voltammetry curve revealed that the specific capacitance was 0.064F/g. Also, the fitting fuel cell circuit was used to study the effect of charge-solution resistance parameters. The calculated internal resistance was 813.78 Ω on day 30. This is the first comprehensive study on isolating and identifying bacterial species in MFC. Different isolates were found, but the dominant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter radioresistents, and Bacillus cereus by 16S rRNA sequencing. These are well-known exoelectrogens and metal-reducing species in the literature.

Effect of organic substrate type in electricity production from microbial fuel cell (MFC) inoculated by Staphylococcus saprophyticus ICBB 9554

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that can directly transform the chemical energy from organic matter into electrical energy using microbial metabolic activity, so microbes play an essential role. This study explores some organic substrate alternative cost-effective for Staphylococcus saprophyticus ICBB 9554 as an exoelectrogen for electricity production in MFCs. The organic substrates that were chosen were sugar, molasses, and palm sugar. The best performance in electricity production was in molasses which showed output voltage, electrical current, and power density of 789 mV, 0.48 mA, and 68 mW/m2, respectively. The COD removal, Coulombic efficiency, and bacterial density in molasses also the highest that was about 68.18 ± 0.00%, 45.80 ± 2.17%, and 1.09×108 cfu/ml, respectively. Molasses is a potentially cost-effective alternative organic substrate for MFCs inoculated by Staphylococcus saprophyticus ICBB 9554.

The Effect of Microwave-Assisted Alkali and Xanthomonas t ranslucens ICBB 9762 for Rice Straw Pretreatment on Electricity Generation of Microbial Fuel Cell Inoculated by Staphylococcus saprophyticus ICBB 9554

Rice straw can be utilized as an organic substrate in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to generate electricity by microbes as a biocatalyst. This research was aimed to observe the effect of Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 inoculation pretreatment on microwave-assisted alkali treated rice straw on the lignocellulosic structure change of rice straw and to observe the performance of MFC system fed by treated rice straw. The stages of research included: (1) pretreatment of rice straw through microwave-assisted alkali and Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 inoculation, (2) observation of MFC performance including electrical voltage; electrical current; power density; and Coulombic efficiency, and (3) anolite analysis including COD removal, pH and Eh. The result showed that rice straw was successfully decomposed by inoculation of Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 on microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment which the highest cellulose yield about 29.36 %. Treated rice straw produced better performance than rice straw without pretreatment which the best performance resulted by the combination of Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 inoculation and microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment which produce electrical voltage, electrical current, and power density value of 337.90 mV, 0.39 mA, and 26.20 mW/m2, respectively. The utilization of solid substrate such as rice straw need more attention due to there was COD enhancement while in COD reduction reach COD removal efficiency and coulombic efficiency ranged 5.15 - 54.08 % and 0.25 - 7.83 %, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS Microbial Fuel Cell fueled by lignocellulose substrate, which is rice straw Lignocellulose structure deconstruction through microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment A combination of microwave-assisted alkali and cellulose-degrading bacteria inoculation pretreatment for rice straw generate the highest electricity Electricity generation improvement in microbial fuel cell through mix culture between cellulose-degrading bacteria and exoelectrogen bacteria Cellulose degrading bacteria increase Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) due to the solubility of low molecular weight organic compounds increasing during microbial fuel cell incubation

Recent advances in bioelectricity generation through the simultaneous valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cell

The emergence of renewable energy technologies offers a significant advantage in the conversion of organic wastes to bioenergy. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is one of the most widely generated and abundant carbon-based sources and is believed to be a rich source of energy that can be utilized by microbial consortia in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity. Different LCBs like, raw corn stover, rice milling, plant waste, wheat straw, etc. have been utilized in MFCs to produce a substantial amount of electric current. The MFC technology has showcased its ability in the simultaneous treatment of wastewater and converting different organic wastes including LCB into electricity. However, LCBs are known to be very complex in terms of their biodegradability within MFC, therefore, several pre-treatment and extraction techniques have been employed for efficient utilization by microorganisms. The present review article is focused on advancement in bioelectricity generation through MFC by utilizing different lignocellulosic wastes as feedstock, and integrating the treatment of wastewater, thereby creating a hygienic and pollutant-free environment. Moreover, various patents involving lignocellulosic biomass as MFC substrate has been described along with genetic measures for improving the MFC performance has also been illustrated.

Comprehensive Review on the Use of Food Industry Wastewater as Substrates in Microbial Fuel Cells

Comprehensive Review on the Use of Food Industry Wastewater as Substrates in Microbial Fuel Cells

Moving towards practical applications of microbial fuel cells for sanitation and resource recovery

Sanitation is the basic quality index of life and proper sanitation practices play a vital role in maintaining the hygienic conditions. Use of human waste (urine and faeces) as a substrate for microbial oxidation is found to be sustainable approach towards improving the sanitation facilities. Advancement in microbial fuel cell (MFC) system towards field-scale application for treatment of human waste is restricted by several technological, social, economical, material science and bio-electrochemical limitations. However, recently developed Pee-power urinal and Bioelectric toilet demonstrated the field-scale applicability of MFC for human waste treatment and simultaneous electricity generation for onsite use. This review mainly focuses on suitability and applicability of human waste as a substrate in MFC to improve the sanitation facilities and also the challenges faced while scaling-up of this system for field applications are being discussed along with possible solutions. Recent advancement towards field-scale application of MFC demonstrated that this technology is getting ready for the commercialization in sanitation infrastructure.

Turning harmful algal biomass to electricity by microbial fuel cell: A sustainable approach for waste management

Effective utilization of harmful algal biomass from eutrophic lakes is required for sustainable waste management and circular bioeconomy. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa derived biomass served as an electron donor in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) for waste treatment and electricity generation. Bioelectrochemical performance of MFC fed with microalgae (MFC-Algae) was compared with MFC fed with a commercial substrate (MFC-Acetate). Complete removal of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency (67.5 ± 1%) in MFC-Algae showed that harmful algal biomass could be converted into bioelectricity. Polarization curves revealed that MFC-Algae delivered the maximum power density (83 mW/m2) and current density (672 mA/m2), which was 43% and 45% higher than that of MFC-Acetate respectively. Improved electrochemical performance and substantial coulombic efficiency (7.6%) also verified the potential use of harmful algal biomass as an alternate MFC substrate. Diverse microbial community profiles showed the substrate-dependent electrogenic activities in each MFC. Biodegradation pathway of MC-LR by anodic microbes was also explored in detail. Briefly, a sustainable approach for on-site waste management of harmful algal biomass was presented, which was deprived of transportation and special pretreatments. It is anticipated that current findings will help to pave the way for practical applications of MFC technology.

Agricultural Wastes For Electricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cells

Background:Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are promising devices that enable the employment of discarded organic matter, typically gathered around food supply chains, to generate electricity.Aims:In this work, low-cost MFCs in the absence of a proton exchange membrane were fabricated.Methods:They were built on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic tubes with square acrylic sheets at the ends serving as a framework of anode/cathode chambers and using zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) metals as electrodes. Tomatoes, onions, and potatoes were used as substrates in MFCs and monitored for 21 days. Variables of interest such as voltage, current, pH, and volume were measured through a 100 Ω resistor.Results:The voltage measurements for the onion-based cell showed an upward trend that reaches a peak of 1.01 volts on the last day. Moreover, the greatest current generation was observed in onion cells, in which the current gradually increases from 10.2 to 24.7 mA on the last day. On the other hand, in all substrates, pH ranged from 7.5 and 10, which indicates the slightly alkaline behavior of the solutions.Conclusion:A reduction in the volume of the substrate was observed during the voltage generation. Finally, during the last day, MFCs were connected in series which allowed for the successful generation of 2.35 volts, and consequently, illumination of LED light.

Isolation and selection of cellulolytic bacteria from rice straw for consortium of microbial fuel cell

Abstract. Khoirunnisa NS, Anwar S, Santosa DA. 2020. Isolation and selection of cellulolytic bacteria from rice straw for consortium of microbial fuel cell. Biodiversitas 21: 1686-1696. Cellulose such as in rice straw can be utilized as an organic substrate in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to generate electricity by microorganisms as a biocatalyst. This research aimed to get cellulose-degrading bacteria with high capability to degrade rice straw and able to be used as consortium with exoelectrogen bacteria in Microbial Fuel Cell. The stages of research included: (i) isolation of the bacteria using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar medium, (ii) selection of the isolates for that purpose, (iii) enzyme assay and MFC performance test, and (iv) identification of selected isolate. There were 125 isolates that were obtained. Selection based on the ability to degrade cellulose as indicated by clear zone on CMC medium resulted in 23 isolates. Ten isolates belong to anaerobic facultative bacteria were selected. Three of them were synergistic with exoelectrogen bacteria. The three isolates were tested for exoglucanase (Avicel) and total enzyme activity (Filter Paper) with the highest results were 6.21 U/mL (isolate J404) and 5.88 U/mL (isolate J401), respectively. The optimum MFC performance was achieved by one isolate, J401, which produced highest voltage of 40.8 mV and a power density of 0.33 mW/m2. The best isolate, J401, was identified as Xanthomonas translucens based on 16S rRNA method.

Exploitation of Citrus Peel Extract as a Feedstock for Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are envisioned as an evolving cost-effective process for treating organic wastes to simultaneously generate bioelectricity. Therefore, in present study a single chambered mediator- less air cathode MFC was operated for bioelectricity generation using citrus waste (CW) as a feedstock. The MFC was operated at four organic loading conditions (OLs; 3, 6, 9 and 12kg/m3). The voltage generation and organiccontent reduction demonstrated the possibility of utilizing CW as a substrate in MFC. The polarization analysis revealed a high-power generation of 71.1 mW/m2 with low OL of 3kg/m3. The decrease in pH and high volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generation was noted at high OL. Our current findings suggest better performance of MFC, in terms of energy generation and organic reduction at high OL.

Effective Utilization of Cow Dung with Distillery Waste Water as Substrate in Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Generation

Pakistan facing serious problem of electricity couple with handling of waste water generated from industries. In this regard study was focused to investigate the reduction of waste water from industry couple with energy generation from that source. Different blending ratio of cow dung manure was used with distillery waste water to make substrate for electricity generation in microbial fuel cell. Microbial fuel cell was used alternative environment for anode and cathode chamber. An aerobic condition for anode and aerobic condition for cathode chamber, fish pump is used for creating aerobic condition in cathode chamber for oxidation of proton coming from anode chamber through salt bridge. The maximum power production was measured at 50/50 about 2300 mv/l. and minimum 230mv/l. The addition of cow dung manure could benefit for power generation with distillery waste water.

Effective Utilization of Cow Dung with Distillery Waste Water as Substrate in Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Generation

Pakistan facing serious problem of electricity couple with handling of waste water generated from industries. In this regard study was focused to investigate the reduction of waste water from industry couple with energy generation from that source. Different blending ratio of cow dung manure was used with distillery waste water to make substrate for electricity generation in microbial fuel cell. Microbial fuel cell was used alternative environment for anode and cathode chamber. An aerobic condition for anode and aerobic condition for cathode chamber, fish pump is used for creating aerobic condition in cathode chamber for oxidation of proton coming from anode chamber through salt bridge. The maximum power production was measured at 50/50 about 2300 mv/l. and minimum 230mv/l. The addition of cow dung manure could benefit for power generation with distillery waste water.

Kluyvera georgiana MCC 3673: A Novel Electrogen Enriched in Microbial Fuel Cell Fed with Oilseed Cake.

A novel electrogenic bacterial species, Kluyvera georgiana MCC 3673, was isolated by enrichment in microbial fuel cells (MFC) using oilseed cake as a growth substrate. CHNS analyses showed that oilseed cakes are rich in carbon and nitrogen content. Utilization of these compounds by bacteria was evident from 50% reduction in chemical oxygen demand. The maximum power density of 379 ± 8mW/m2 was produced from sesame seed cake media with mixed consortia inoculum from lake sediment. Enrichment was carried out for over 15 cycles by renewing the media periodically on drop of the voltage. A pure culture of enriched electrogen was isolated by dilution plate technique. Physiological and biochemical studies were performed on the isolate as per standard methods. Genetic analysis by 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that this organism is closely related to Kluyvera georgiana. When inoculated in MFC as pure culture, the maximum power density of 158 ± 11mW/m2 and 172 ± 13mW/m2 was produced with sesame and groundnut oilseed cake media, respectively. The performance increased in LB media producing maximum power density of 394 ± 6mW/m2. This bacterium has also scope for application in wide range of MFC as it can produce electricity even in suspended culture. To our knowledge, this is the first report on bio-electricity generation using oilseed cake as substrate in MFC.