Substrate For Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Bismuth and Cobalt Multiphasic System: Synthesis and Application as Microstrip Patch Antenna Substrate

Bismuth and Cobalt Multiphasic System: Synthesis and Application as Microstrip Patch Antenna Substrate

(Bi13Co11)Co2O40–Co3O4 nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and application as substrate for microstrip patch antenna

The sillenite-cobaltite nanocomposites with chemical formula (Bi13Co11)Co2O40–Co3O4 were synthetized and characterized for application as substrate in a microstrip patch antenna. To prepare the sample, the combustion method using urea as fuel was applied. The structural and vibrational characterizations were done through X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the sample was studied through FESEM images. The magnetization as a function of magnetic field recorded at 300 K confirmed the paramagnetic character of the sample. Electric characterization was performed from 1.0 GHz to 8.5 GHz aiming a wide frequency spectrum data, presenting steady real relative permittivity around 7, with low losses as results. A microstrip patch antenna was designed by cavity method with the nanocomposite as substrate for application in X-band communication services. Reflection coefficient measurements displayed a good agreement with simulations, achieving only 0.39% error in resonance frequency, validating the performed morphological and electrical characterizations, as antenna design. Simulated radiation pattern is also presented, with coherent results for a directive device.

Fused deposition modeling fabricated PLA dielectric substrate for microstrip patch antenna

Nowadays, microstrip patch antenna finds wider usage because of its high performance, smaller size, low cost, and easy installation. The microstrip patch antennas are used in spacecraft, satellite, aircraft and wireless communication systems. However, with the conventional manufacturing technique, it is difficult to produce complicate slots in patch antenna. Hence the suitability of 3D printing for fabricating microstrip patch antenna is experimentally analysed. In this present work, Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) parts fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is suggested as a substrate for microstrip patch antenna. The radiating patch and ground plane is formed on the 3D printed PLA substrate by applying conductive copper paint. The performance measures such as radiation pattern, gain and return loss of the developed 3D printed substrate are analysed by comparing the experimental and simulation results. With PLA substrate, double band is observed at 5.24 GHz and it corresponds to Wireless Local-area Network (WLAN) and C band. Further, PLA dielectric substrate has the ability to produce higher gain above 2 dB. The gain plots showed a good equivalence between the measured and simulated results. With the achieved results, it can be inferred that FDM printed PLA parts can be used as a substrate for micro strip patch antenna.

High-Quality Nickel Ferrite Synthesized by a Modified Sol–Gel Technique Applied as Microstrip Patch Antenna Substrate

This paper presents the production of nickel ferrite powder synthesized by a sol–gel technique modified by ionic coordination reaction. Morphological powder characterization is presented via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. Bulk manufacturing by uniaxial press is developed, and its electrical characterization is shown. Three ferrite bulks were manufactured and characterized to evaluate the quality of the compression procedure. Permittivity and conductivity parameters were obtained and discussed according to reference papers. Characterized bulks were applied as a microstrip patch antenna with rectangular and circular geometries, designed by transmission line and cavity methods, respectively, to evaluate bulk features as substrate. Reflection coefficient and radiation patterns were simulated by a high-frequency structure simulator, and measurements of reflection coefficient were performed. The obtained radiation patterns presented good agreement between them and were consistent with the performed design. A maximum gain of 1.55 dB in the E plane could also be achieved despite the relatively high $$ tg\left( \delta \right) $$ for radiating devices. Simulated cross-polarization results are also displayed, where the maximum value obtained was −29.35 dB, highlighting the device's directivity. Good agreement between simulated and measured reflection coefficient was achieved in both geometries, reinforcing the high-quality ferrite powder production process. It was possible to reach 0.00% relative error between simulated and measured resonance frequency in one of the three circular patch devices, at 6.05 GHz. Maximum resonance frequency error presented in all performed measurements is 6.51%, associated with manufacturing and measurement issues. Despite that, the quality of the synthesized material could be observed in each discussed result.

Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 spinel ferrite as a promising magneto-dielectric substrate for X-band Microstrip Patch Antenna

In the present study, the suitability of Ni-Co spinel ferrites as dielectric substrate for microstrip patch antenna has been reconnoitered in X-band frequency range. The scrutinized spinel ferrites with chemical composition Ni1-xCoxFe2O4 (x=0.00,0.30,0.60,0.90) were synthesized using Pechini’s sol gel method. For the present study, Ansoft Designer SV2 was used to design and analyze the microstrip patch antenna. Simulation of antenna was done at resonant frequency of 10.02 GHz, which makes this research to find application in military and surveillance. Firstly, the antenna dimensions were calculated using resonant frequency and electromagnetic properties of the compositions. The antenna output parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), Smith Chart and radiation pattern were subsequently analyzed by the simulation Based on the analysis, Ni-Co ferrite Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 has come out to be the best alternative out of the studied compositions for its possible usage as efficient dielectric substrate in microstrip patch antenna in 8.2 – 12.4 GHz frequency range.

Broadband compact microstrip patch antenna design loaded by multiple split ring resonator superstrate and substrate

We present microstrip patch antenna loaded with multiple split ring resonator substrate and superstrate. We analyze how the loading of split ring resonator superstrate and substrate can improve the bandwidth compared to the simple microstrip patch antenna and microstrip patch antenna loaded with split ring resonator superstrate. Another important observation is made for multiple split ring resonator loading in superstrate and substrate of microstrip patch antenna. The design is compared for two, three, and four-ring split ring resonator loading. The designs are also compared for different gap spacing between the rings. All three designs are compared for small gap and large gap between the rings. The design results in the form of reflection coefficient and bandwidth is presented in this manuscript. The design results are also compared with previously published designs.

Novel stackedμ-negative material-loaded antenna for satellite applications

An engineered novel tunable dual-band metamaterial antenna based on stacked split ring resonator (SRR) array is presented. The μ-negative SRR array present at two sublayers of stacked microstrip patch antenna substrate adds tuning capability to the antenna with marginal trade-off between antenna gain and cross-polarization. If the size of resonator element is considerably smaller than resonance wavelength, ideally lesser than λ/10, the resonator would support the resonating mode of antenna. Compact SRR array embedded in radiator facilitate the antenna tuning to intended allocated spectrum of L5- and S-band frequencies without modifying external dimensions of patch antenna, which in turn helps the satellite payload design. The variations in SRR array dimensions and inter-element spacing are subsequently utilized to maintain the antenna gain and voltage-standing wave ratio. The proposed design of inset fed antenna, matched at 50 Ω, was validated by experimental results and it is suitable for global positioning satellite applications.

Selection of Microstrip Patch Antenna Substrate for WLAN Application Using Multiple Attribute Decision Making Approach

This paper presents a material selection approach for selecting microstrip patch antenna substrate for WLAN applications using multiple attribute decision making (MADM) approach. In this paper, different microwave dielectric materials for substrate and their properties like relative permittivity, quality factor, and temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency are taken into consideration and MADM approach is applied to select the best material for microstrip patch antenna. It is observed that Pb0.6Ca0.4ZrO3 is the best material for the antenna substrate in MPA for WLAN applications. It was observed that the proposed result is in accordance with the experimental finding thus justifying the validity of the proposed study.

Study of graded composite (LDPE/TIO2) materials as substrate for microstrip patch antennas in X-band

TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (titania) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composite is studied as substrate for microstrip patch antenna that is to be used in microwave X band (8 GHz to 12 GHz). Physical, thermal and microwave characterization of the composite is done to confirm the applicability of the composite material as substrate for microstrip antennas. Microstrip antenna with rectangular radiating patch is fabricated on composites with different volume fraction (VF) of filler in polymer as substrate. S11 measurements are carried out on the antenna designed on different substrates using vector network analyzer. To increase the operational bandwidth of the antenna three layer grading of the composite substrate is done. The bandwidth and S11 parameter performance of the antenna is found to be improved by using graded composite as substrate material. Enhancement of directivity is observed for graded substrate as compared to ungraded substrate.