Substances In Cosmetic Products Research Articles

MAQASID SYARIAH AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS SELECTION: TOXICS SUBSTANCES PREVENTION

The use of cosmetic products is increasing all the time, not only among women but also among men. In this regard, this study examines how cosmetic product selection is based on maqasid shariah in order to prevent customers from using cosmetic product that threaten themselves and their lives.This reseearch is qualitative and using data collection method from article journal. Meanwhile, the main data analysis method use analyze content. As a result, the selection of cosmetic products using the concept of halalan toyyibah is used as a basis and yardstick for the prevention of harmful substances in cosmetic products, ensuring that the selection and manufacture of cosmetic product line up with Shariah law and the principle of the halal and tayyabah. Furthermore, consumers must be aware of the dangers of utilising unapproved cosmetic products. However, the claims made about cosmetic items in advertisements are exaggerated, and the effects of their use are not as portrayed, leading to customer confusion and severe consequences.

Diluting modulation-based two dimensional-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for simultaneously determining multiclass prohibited substances in cosmetics

Developing efficient and comprehensive screening methods for prohibited substances in cosmetics is critical for ensuring the quality and safety of cosmetics used in everyday life. This study proposed a heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS) method based on online diluting modulation for detecting multiclass prohibited substances in cosmetics. The 2D-LC-MS method combines HILIC and RPLC techniques. Compounds near the dead time that the first dimensional HILIC could not separate were transferred to the second dimensional RPLC by valve switch, achieving good separation with a wide range of polarities. Moreover, the online diluting modulation solved the problem of mobile phase incompatibility, realizing an excellent column-head focusing effect and reducing the loss of sensitivity. Besides, the first dimensional analysis did not restrict the flow rate of the second dimensional analysis owing to the diluting modulation. We demonstrated the 2D-LC-MS system by determining 126 prohibited substances in cosmetic products, including hormones, local anesthetics, anti-infectives, adrenergic agents, antihistamines, pesticides, and other chemicals. All correlation coefficients of the compounds were above 0.9950. The LODs and the LOQs ranged from 0.000259 ng/mL to 16.6 ng/mL and 0.000864 ng/mL to 55.3 ng/mL, respectively. The RSDs% for intra-day and inter-day precision were within 6% and 14%, respectively. Compared with conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods, the established method expanded the analytical coverage of cosmetics-prohibited substances with reduced matrix effects for most compounds and improved sensitivity for polar analytes. The results indicated that the 2D-LC-MS method was a powerful tool for screening multiclass prohibited substances in cosmetics.

Determination of polyfluoroalkyl substances in cosmetic products using dispersed liquid-liquid extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS.

Human exposure to polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) via cosmetics has been of increasing concern due to the tremendous detrimental health impacts of PFASs. Developing an effective method for extracting and determining PFASs in cosmetics is crucial in accurately assessing their corresponding human exposure risk. Herein, this study developed a new sample pre-treatment method to address the challenges posed by the variety and complexity of cosmetic matrices. Seventeen PFASs in cosmetic products, including 9 perfluoro carboxylic acids and 8 perfluorosulfonic acids, were simultaneously determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The whole pre-treatment process can be divided into three steps. In step 1, cosmetics with diverse matrix types can be effectively dispersed during extraction by using saturated sodium chloride-acetonitrile and saturated sodium chloride-tetrahydrofuran as extraction solvents. In step 2, the pre-purification step employs a potassium ferrocyanide-zinc acetate co-precipitant to remove high molecular weight interferents from the extraction solution, thereby enhancing the efficiency of solid-phase extraction (SPE). In step 3, WAX-SPE is utilized to further eliminate interferents from the extraction solution while concentrating the analytes, meeting the trace analysis requirements for PFASs in cosmetics. The method detection limits were 0.09-0.26 ng g-1. The recoveries ranged from 70.1% to 114.7%, with relative standard deviations in the range of 2.0-19.1%. The method was applied to cosmetic samples in the Guangzhou market, and the total concentration of PFASs ranged from 0 to 10.8 ng g-1. This method has strong anti-interference ability, good applicability, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility, making it suitable for the analysis and detection of perfluorinated acids in cosmetic samples. It provides technical support for cosmetics safety regulation.

A New Model to Investigate the Effects of Cosmetics on Skin Microorganisms In Vitro

The use of prebiotic substances in cosmetic products in order to improve skin appearance by influencing the skin microbiome has become quite common. As known from the food industry, prebiotic cosmetics aim for specific support of beneficial microorganisms, while others, especially pathogenic bacteria, are sought to be inhibited. To develop such products and evaluate their efficacy, it is crucial to understand the mode of action of prebiotic substances already before an in vivo use phase, e.g., by applying appropriate lab methods. We describe the development of a suitable in vitro model in order to test the efficacy of prebiotic substances incorporated in different types of formulas. A leather surface inoculated with different bacterial species of the human residential skin microbiota proved effective in simulating the action of prebiotic agents on the skin. It could be shown that the growth of bacteria was positively or negatively influenced by cosmetic formulas containing prebiotic substances. Thus, the model allows the investigation of prebiotic agents in cosmetic formulas with respect to their efficacy on a skin-like surface.

Phytochemical constituents and biological properties of domesticated capsicum species: a review

Pepper (Capsicum spp) is cultivated and consumed in almost every region of the world both as fresh vegetable and dried spice. Capsicum and its different varieties possess many valuable properties which distinguish them from other vegetables and in many food items as a spice for its strong pungent flavor that is produced during the secondary metabolism of the plant.Capsicum fruit exhibits a multiple color profile due to the presence of carotenoids which can be used as a natural coloring agent and antioxidant. Almost all the parts of the capsicum are considered a rich source of health-related bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, and other aromatic compounds. One of the important biological properties of capsicum is its ability to act as antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress leading to the prevention of several degenerative diseases. The functional compounds of capsicum exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties, particularly against gram-positive pathogenic microorganisms. The nutraceutical functionality of phytogenic compounds obtained from capsicum also confirms the anticarcinogenic and cardio-preventive effectiveness. The essential oils from capsicum are also being used as anti-aging substances in cosmetic products. Accordingly, this article is an attempt to provide an overview of the chemical and functional properties of the bioactive compounds sourced from capsicum and their effective utilization in the medicine, food, agricultural, cosmetic, and textile industries.Keywords: Capsicum, capsaicinoids, capsaicin, carotenoids, pungency

ENHANCING VITAMIN C CONTENT IN SOAP PRODUCTION VIA SUBSEQUENT AMOUNT OF EXTRACT FROM PHYLLANTHUS AMBLICA AND COSNICIUM BLUEMEANUM

The demand for cosmetic products is rapidly growing, despite the majority of them is high in chemical substances and may harm the skin. Nowadays, there are other alternatives that may help to prevent the use of chemical substances in cosmetic products. For example, fruit contains its own nutrient. Furthermore, there are some fruits that contains high in vitamins and also good for the skin. Researchers noticed that Phyllantus amblica (Melaka fruits) has an unpleasant odor but it higher with contains 30 times more vitamin C compared to orange while Cosnicium blumeanem (mengkunyit) helps raise the level of vitamins C in the body. Therefore, looking at potential and benefits, research has been conducted to produce a bar soap (Amblica Soap) from Phyllantus amblica and Cosnicium blumeanem. Analyze has been done to determine the vitamin C, antioxidant level, and perception level of respondents towards Amblica Soap. Likert Scale and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used as the quantitative instrument. A number of 30 respondents were selected based on their locality. Descriptive analysis was used to analyses collected using SPSS version 25.0. Resulting confirming that is Amblica Soap not contain in vitamin C and shows the perception level of respondents towards Amblica Soap is highly positive. In conclusion, Amblica Soap accepted optimistically.

Development and validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for determination of 30 fragrance substances in cosmetic products

AbstractA QuEChERS sample preparation, for a broad‐range of cosmetic products, followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was developed for the simultaneous determination of 30 fragrance substances. The sample preparation step was optimized for different leave‐on and rinse‐off cosmetic products. A small amount of sample (1 g) was extracted with acetonitrile, the extract was subject to a rapid QuEChERS clean up followed by centrifugation and the organic layer was collected for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed on a mid‐polarity GC capillary column (30 m, ZB‐35HT) to obtain maximum separation of the targeted compounds in less than 60 min. Using this method, the method limit of detection and the method limit of quantitation for the 30 fragrance substances, were determined as 0.1–1.2 µg/g and 0.33–4.0 µg/g, respectively. For most of the fragrance substances, the spike recovery values were 80–120% with a relative standard deviation < 10% for all fragrance substances in three tested matrices (shampoo, lotion, and deodorant). This method was applied to evaluate 42 commercial cosmetic products purchased from nine different countries. Of the 30 leave‐on products, 18 products measured at least one fragrance above 10 µg/g and 5 of the 12 rinse‐off products measured at least one fragrance above 100 µg/g. According to the European regulation (EC, No 1223/2009, ANNEX III), 24 of these fragrance substances are subject to specific labeling requirements if any individual concentration exceeds 10 µg/g for leave‐on and 100 µg/g for rinse‐off products. Our results show that this method can be applied to various cosmetic products for determination of fragrance substances designated “allergens” in the European Union.

Natural ingredients in cosmetic products-A suggestion for a screening series for skin allergy.

Naturally derived cosmetic product ingredients of both plant and animal origin are being included increasingly in product formulations in order to cater to consumer preferences. They may be an overlooked cause of reactions to cosmetic products in some patients with dermatitis. To identify naturally derived cosmetic product ingredients with allergenic potential (type I and type IV) and propose a cosmetic screening test series. The study was conducted in two steps. The first step was a market survey using a nonprofit application helping consumers avoid problematic substances in cosmetic products. The application contained 10 067 cosmetic products that were label checked for naturally derived cosmetic product ingredients. The second step was a literature search to examine how frequently the naturally derived ingredients were described and related to allergic reactions in cosmetics or other topically administered products. We identified 121 different naturally derived cosmetic product ingredients that were included in at least 30 cosmetic products. In total, 22 ingredients were selected for a screening test series. We propose a supplemental patch test and a prick test screening series with naturally derived cosmetic product ingredients for patients with skin reactions to cosmetic products, aiming to identify a cause in more patients than is currently possible.

How common is fragrance allergy really?

Fragrances are regarded as the most common contact allergens after nickel. In this context, the frequency of positive patch test reactions to fragrance mix is often presented as proof. According to EU regulation No.1223/2009, 26fragrances that are regarded as significant allergens have to be declared on cosmetic products. The frequency of patch test reactions to fragrances and differentiation between frequently and rarely sensitizing fragrances were evaluated. Data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), mostly of the years 2016-2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Frequency of positive reactions to fragrance mixI in the departments of dermatology joining the IVDK reached ahistorical low of 5.4% in 2018. Since 2013, positive reactions to fragrance mixII have been declining, yielding 3.2% in 2018. Of fragrance mixI, the allergen with the most positive test reactions is no longer oakmoss absolute, but isoeugenol. In fragrance mixII, hydroxyisohexyl 3‑cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) is still leading. Only 11of the 26fragrances subject to mandatory declaration elicited allergic test reactions in more than 1% of the patients tested. The decline of positive test reactions to the fragrance mixes is mainly due to the reduced use of oakmoss containing atranol and chloroatranol, and HICC. Use of these substances in cosmetic products was prohibited within the EU starting in August 2019. Therefore, afurther decline of the sensitization frequencies can be expected. Adifferentiated consideration of the individual fragrances under allergological aspects is urgently required.

Bioactive Substances Derived from Marine Resources and Their Usage in Cosmetic Industry

Deniz suyu ve deniz canlıları her zaman insanlara sağlık ve güzellik getirmiştir. Bu canlıların terapötik etkileri çok eski çağlarda keşfedilmiştir. Son yıllarda organik yaşam ve doğal ürünlerin önem kazanmasıyla bu denizel canlılar daha da önemli bir çalışma konusu haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu derlemede deniz canlılarından elde edilen biyoaktif maddeler ve bu maddelerin kozmetik ürünlerdeki işlevleri ele alınacaktır

Fragrance contact allergens in 5588 cosmetic products identified through a novel smartphone application.

More than 25% of the adult European population suffers from contact allergy, with fragrance substances recognized as one of the main causes. Since 2005, 26 fragrance contact allergens have been mandatory to label in cosmetic products within the EU if present at 10ppm or above in leave-on and 100ppm or above in wash-off cosmetics. To examine exposure, based on ingredient labelling, to the 26 fragrances in a sample of 5588 fragranced cosmetic products. The investigated products were identified through a novel, non-profit smartphone application (app), designed to provide information to consumers about chemical substances in cosmetic products. Products registered through the app between December 2015 and October 2016 were label checked according to International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) for the presence of the 26 fragrance substances or the wording 'fragrance/parfum/aroma'. The largest product categories investigated were 'cream, lotion and oil' (n=1192), 'shampoo and conditioner' (n=968) and 'deodorants' (n=632). Among cosmetic products labelled to contain at least one of the 26 fragrances, 85.5% and 73.9% contained at least two and at least three of the 26 fragrances, respectively. Linalool (49.5%) and limonene (48.5%) were labelled most often among all investigated products. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC/Lyral® ) was found in 13.5% of deodorants. Six of the 26 fragrance substances were labelled on less than one per cent of all products, including the natural extracts Evernia furfuracea (tree moss) and Evernia prunastri (oak moss). A total of 329 (5.9%) products had one or more of the 26 fragrance substances labelled but did not have 'parfum/fragrance/aroma' listed on the label. Consumers are widely exposed to, often multiple, well-established fragrance contact allergens through various cosmetic products intended for daily use. Several fragrance substances that are common causes of contact allergy were rarely labelled in this large sample of cosmetic products.

Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer safety (SCCS) – Opinion on the safety of the use of α-arbutin in cosmetic products

Conclusion of the opinionThe SCCS considers the use of α-Arbutin safe for consumers in cosmetic products in a concentration up to 2% in face creams and up to 0.5% in body lotions.A potential combined use of α-Arbutin and other hydroquinone releasing substances in cosmetic products has not been evaluated in this Opinion.

Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) – Opinion on the safety of the use of β-arbutin in cosmetic products

Conclusion of the opinionThe SCCS considers the use of β-arbutin to be safe for consumers in cosmetic products in a concentration up to 7% in face creams provided that the contamination of hydroquinone in the cosmetic formulations remain below 1 ppm.A potential combined use of β-arbutin and other hydroquinone releasing substances in cosmetic products has not been evaluated in this Opinion.

Safety of Botanical/Natural Substances in cosmetic products – an industry perspective

The safety assessment of Botanical/Natural Substances (B/NS) to be used in cosmetic products can be a complex undertaking. Data requirements can be extensive. B/NS are complex mixtures of phytochemical constituents. To start, it is important to know the genus, species, part of the plant/animal and processing steps, including any concentration or dilution factors. Quality will be assessed at supplier qualification and may need to become part of the ingredient specification (ex. analysis of marker chemicals or physicochemical properties). The B/NS must be sustainably sourced. The safety assessment (hazard + exposure) focuses on three areas: systemic exposure, site of contact exposure and Type 1 Allergy. Systemic toxicity potential can be readily assessed if the B/NS is used at very low levels in products or is a common food B/NS. For cosmetic products, exposure to B/NS used as herbal medicines must be well below therapeutic levels. If a history of safe human use cannot be documented, an analytical characterization is necessary and the phyto-chemical constituents must be assessed individually. Site of contact effects must be assessed if the cosmetic product is applied dermally or exposure is via a spray/inhalation. Protein is analyzed (content & molecular weight) for Type 1 Allergy Assessment. When all three areas of the safety assessment are favorable, the B/NS can be used in the cosmetic product.

Comparative analysis of toxicological evaluations for dermal exposure performed under two different EU regulatory frameworks

Dermal exposure to chemicals is highly relevant in relation to the use of cosmetic products, both in consumers and in individuals exposed occupationally. Regulatory frameworks exist within the EU to limit the dermal exposure of the general population and workers to chemicals in general, as well as to limit the use of certain substances in cosmetic products. The objective of the study was to investigate and compare toxicological evaluations of dermal exposure performed under current regulatory frameworks. The publicly disseminated hazard information under the respective regulatory frameworks was compiled and compared for the five substances resorcinol, p-phenylenediamine, p-aminophenol, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. A low consistency between evaluations was observed in respect to data coverage and cited dose descriptors. No systematic differences over all five substances were identified from the viewpoint of dermal hazard assessment. The critical effect and corresponding systemic effect dose descriptor was identical for two substances, differed somewhat for two other (a factor of 2–2.5). For N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine a critical effect was only identified under REACH.

Simultaneous determination of seven prohibited substances in cosmetic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract In this paper, we developed and validated a simple, sensitive, and selective high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method to identify and measure the following prohibited substances that may be found in cosmetic products: minoxidil, hydrocortisone, spironolactone, estrone, canrenone, triamcinolone acetonide and progesterone. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) with a gradient elution system composed of 0.2% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol containing 0.2% (v/v) formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The substances were detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with an electrospray ionization source. All of the calibration curves showed good linearity ( r > 0.999) within the tested concentration ranges. The limit of detection was

Allergic contact dermatitis on the eyelids

Objective. The aim of the paper is to determine which allergens are the most frequent causes of contact dermatitis on the eyelids at the patients who were accepted from 2004-2009 in allergology clinic of the Institute of Occupational Health, Kragujevac and whether any of sensitization to allergens from the workplace. Methods. At all patients for the diagnosis were considered: medical history, clinical symptoms, objective examination and the results epicutaneous testing. 520 patients were tested: 302 women and 218 men with the European standard allergens, which contain a range of 22 allergens for the patch testing. Results. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of inflammatory skin reaction which occured in response to contact with the allergen, sensibilization of late-type hypersensitivity. The most common locations of contact dermatitis were the hands, forearms and face. Clinical image was polymorphic with erythema, edema, papules and vesicles accompanied by the itch. Diagnosis was established by anamnesis, clinical picture and in vivo tests for the detection of delayed hypersensitivity-patch test. Conclusion. More frequent occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis in women to paraben and nickel sulphate can be explained by the presence of these substances in cosmetic products and jewelry and frequent sensibilization to potassium bichromate and nickel sulfate in men is associated with professional activity since these substances are the ingredients of cement and metal parts used in construction and metal processing industry.

High-performance liquid chromatography–diode array and electrospray-mass spectrometry analysis of non-allowed substances in cosmetic products for preventing hair loss and other hormone-dependent skin diseases

A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet diode array (UV-DAD) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection has been developed for the determination of minoxidil, progesterone, estrone, spironolactone, canrenone, hydrocortisone and triamcinolone acetonide in cosmetic products. The presence of these substances in commercial cosmetic samples is prohibited. The compounds were separated by reversed phase chromatography with water (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) and acetonitrile gradient elution and detected by UV-DAD at 230, 254 and 280 nm and by ESI-MS positive ionisation mode. Benzoic acid was used as internal standard. Linearity was studied with UV-DAD detection from 1.50 to 1000 μg/ml or μg/g range, depending on the different compounds and type of cosmetic preparation and with ESI-MS in the 50–1000 ng/ml or ng/g range. Good determination coefficients ( r 2 ≥ 0.99) were found in both UV and ESI-MS. At three concentrations spanning the linear dynamic ranges of both UV-DAD and ESI-MS assay, mean recoveries were always higher than 90% for the different analytes. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of substances under investigations illegally added in cosmetic cream and lotions, sold on internet web sites to prevent hair loss and other hormone-dependent skin diseases, like acne and hirsutism.

Development of an HPLC method for the identification and dosage of non-allowed substances in cosmetic products. Part I: local anaesthetics and antihistaminics

An HPLC method with ultraviolet detection coupled with a solid-phase extraction sample clean up was developed for the analysis of five local anaesthetics and four antihistaminics in cosmetic products. The presence of these compounds in commercial cosmetic samples is fordbidden. Extracts from real samples were applied to a solid-phase extraction C18 cartridge, and the analytes were eluted with 8:2 (v/v) acetonitrile/water containing 1% trifluoroacetic acid. HPLC separation was then performed for the identification and determination of the analytes using a Purospher RP-18 column, two gradient eluting systems and a photodiode-array detector. The accuracy of the method was verified by spiking experiments on home-made cosmetic samples. The analytical recoveries were satisfactory.

Determination of parabens in cosmetic products by supercritical fluid extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis

Parabens are important additives in cosmetics for inhibiting the development of micro-organisms. However, most of the preservatives may be harmful to the consumers due to their potency to induce allergic contact dermatitis. Therefore, the assay for these substances in cosmetic products with high precision and accuracy is very important. This paper proposes a novel analytical method for the determination of four common parabens, namely, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (MP), ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (EP), propyl p-hydroxybenzoate (PP) and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate (BP) in cosmetic products. Parabens were extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and followed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The optimum condition established for SFE was 40°C, 12 100 kPa, CO 2 with 0.05% acetonitrile and that for CZE was 30 mM sodium tetraborate in 5% acetonitrile (ACN), fused-silica capillary – 75 μm, 60 cm, 25 kV, and at 30°C. The recovery of SFE in the range 97.3–99.9% with good reproducibility (RSD=0.05–3.77%) was obtained. The CZE method offered a good resolution, R=1.70 and acceptable detection limits ranging from 0.97 to 1.33 ng for the parabens studied. The proposed method was applied to the determination of parabens in 11 creams by direct analysis and standard addition determination.