Substance Abuse Proclivity Research Articles

The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based psychoeducation on substance abuse proclivity in adolescent smokers

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to determine how CBT-based psychoeducation affects substance abuse proclivity in adolescent smokers. Materials and Methods The study is an experimental study model with pretest–posttest control group. As a result of the power analysis carried out for the sample of the study, the sample size was calculated to be 110 adolescent smokers at a significance level of 0.05, confidence interval of 95%, an effect size of 0.7, and power of population representation of 0.95. A Descriptive Characteristics Form and SAPS were used to collect the data. The experimental group received eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy-based psychoeducation. No educational program was applied to the control group. The data were analyzed using number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, dependent samples t-test and independent samples t-test. Results Substance abuse proclivity was determined in adolescents who smoked cigarettes in the experimental and control groups. The SAPS total score average of the individuals in the experimental group decreased after psychoeducation compared to before psychoeducation. The difference between the posttest SAPS total mean scores of the control and experimental groups was statistically significant. Conclusion CBT-based psychoeducation was found to be effective in reducing substance use proclivities in adolescent smokers.

Rhinitis medicomentosa and substance addiction

BackgroundRhinitis medicomentosa (RM) is a form of non-allergic rhinitis caused by the use of nasal decongestants for longer than the recommended duration. Because of this problem of use, addiction to the drug occurs in individuals. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of RM patients to substance addiction.MethodsThe study was planned as a prospective, multicentric study between September 2022 and September 2023. Patients diagnosed with RM were included in the study. Beck depression scale, Drug use disorders identification test, Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale were applied to the patients participating in the study. The research data were analyzed electronically with SPSS program version 25.ResultsThe study included 86 patients with an average age of 31 years. The average duration of medication use was 22 months. Age, gender, duration of nasal congestion, duration of drug use and smoking were not independent predictors for depression and substance use tendency.ConclusionThe relationship between RM and addictive substances is not clear. The tendency to use drugs did not increase in RM patients. In the light of these data, we think that there is no need for a practice other than routine functioning in the use of drugs and similar substances that are likely to cause addiction in RM patients.

The effect of mindfulness-based psychoeducation on internalized stigma and substance abuse proclivity in individuals with substance use disorder

ABSTRACT Objective The study was conducted to determine the effect of mindfulness-based psychoeducation on internalized stigma and substance abuse proclivity in individuals with substance use disorder. Design and Methods The study was carried out as an experimental model with a pretest–posttest control group. The sample used in the study consisted of 100 individuals (50 for control group, 50 for experimental group) via power analysis. The Patient Information Form, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), and the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP) were used to collect the data. An eight-session mindfulness-based psychoeducation program was applied to the experimental group. Findings It was determined that there was a mild decrease in the posttest SAP total mean score and the ISMI subscale and total mean score of the experimental group patients compared to the pretest. The difference between the posttest ISMI and substance abuser proclivity of the control and experimental groups was statistically significant (p < .05). Conclusion It was determined that MB psychoeducation was effective in decreasing internalized stigma and substance abuse proclivity in patients with substance use disorder.

Do Social Support, Self-Efficacy, Emotional Quality of Life, and Sociodemographic Factors Associate With Substance Use?: Findings From Health Professional Students in North of Turkey.

Substance use among university students is a common problem in the world. However, there are insufficient data on its prevalence among health school students. Similarly, there are very few studies about the use of substances by health students in Turkey. These studies have been mostly limited to the use of alcohol and tobacco. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the substance use among students studying at health-related departments. This study investigated the pattern of substance abuse and its relationship with social support, self-efficacy, emotional quality of life, and sociodemographic factors in health profession students. Data of the cross-sectional and correlational study were collected via WhatsApp. Participants completed a student information form, the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale, the Drug Abuse Screening Test, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the SF-36 Emotional Quality of Life Index, and the Self-Efficacy for Protecting from Substance Abuse Scale. Of the participants, 63.6% (n = 823) had a high proclivity for substance abuse. Students most frequently used cigarettes and cannabis, one of the narcotic drugs. Substance abuse and proclivity increased as the emotional quality of life, social support, and self-efficacy decreased (p < .05). Substance abuse proclivity and drug use were higher in men, immigrants, smokers and alcohol users, those with a trauma history, and those separated from their family (p < .05). Health education reduces substance use (p < .05). It is required to make attempts to prevent and eliminate substance abuse in health profession students.

Impact of social media-based intervention in reducing youths’ propensity to engage in drug abuse in Nigeria

Drug abuse is one of the serious social problems facing the globe today. There have been cases of young people under the influence of drugs; engaging in different crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery. The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of social media-based intervention in reducing drug abuse propensity among youths in Nigeria. The design of the study was a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The Substance Abuse Proclivity (SAP) scale was used to collect data for the study. The study showed that social media-based intervention effectively reduced drug abuse propensity for participants in the treatment group compared with those in the control group. A follow-up intervention after two years shows a steady decline in drug abuse propensity among youth in the treatment group, unlike those in the control group. Comparatively, the training skills type of intervention was more effective than motivational interviewing.

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in the Relationship between Traumatic Experiences in the Childhood Period and Substance Abuse Proclivity

Within the scope of this study, the mediating effect of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between traumatic experiences in the childhood period and substance abuse tendency was investigated. In the study 532 university students at undergraduate level participated. In selecting of the sample of this study, the convenience sampling methods in probability sampling methods were used. Participants completed a Demographic Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. The results of the analysis found evidence of a positive significant correlation between all subdimensions of childhood traumatic experiences and substance abuse proclivity and negative significant correlations between all subdimensions of childhood abuse experiences and substance abuse tendency with cognitive flexibility. According to the mediation test results, cognitive flexibility was identified to play a partial mediating role in the correlation between all subdimensions of childhood abuse experiences and substance abuse tendency. The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and substance abuse tendency explained between 13 and 23% of the total effect. Mediating variable analysis showed that cognitive flexibility has a partial mediating effect between all subdimensions of childhood abuse experiences and substance abuse tendency.

The relationship between attachment style and substance abuse proclivity in the students of a medical school

Objective: The attachment style may be decisive for the substance use proclivity. The aim of this study was to determine the proclivity of substance use among medical students and to investigate the relationship between attachment style and substance use proclivity. Methods: Volunteer students studying at Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between April 2019 and June 2019 were enrolled in the study with snow ball method. In our study, Sociodemographic Information Form, Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP) and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Scale (ECR-R) were used as data collection tool. 214 students who accepted to participate to the study were evaluated. Results: Seventy three (34.1%) students had tendency to substance use evaluated by the SAP. While there was no statistically significant difference between the ECR-R total (143.78±15.79 and 139.57±17.91) and ECR-R avoidance subscale (75.98±10.40 and 77.14±8.64) mean scores of students with and without substance use proclivity (z=-1.543, p=0.123; z=0.70, p=0.487, respectively), the mean score of the ECR-R Anxiety subscale (68.06±12.75 and 63.50±14.13) was higher in students with substance use proclivity (z=-2.45, p

Hopelessness, attachment style and family structure’s predictive power in substance abuse proclivity among high school students

Hopelessness, attachment style and family structure’s predictive power in substance abuse proclivity among high school students

Cocaine self-administration in male and female rats perinatally exposed to PCBs: Evaluating drug use in an animal model of environmental contaminant exposure.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants known to adversely impact human health. Ortho-substituted PCBs affect the nervous system, including the brain dopaminergic system. The reinforcing effects of psychostimulants are typically modulated via the dopaminergic system, so this study used a preclinical (i.e., rodent) model to evaluate whether developmental contaminant exposure altered intravenous self-administration (IV SA) for the psychostimulant cocaine. Long-Evans rats were perinatally exposed to 6 or 3 mg/kg/day of PCBs throughout gestation and lactation and compared with nonexposed controls. Rats were trained to lever press for a food reinforcer in an operant chamber under a fixed-ratio 5 (FR5) schedule and later underwent jugular catheterization. Food reinforcers were switched for infusions of 250 μg of cocaine, but the response requirement to earn the reinforcer remained. Active lever presses and infusions were higher in males during response acquisition and maintenance. The same sex effect was observed during later sessions which evaluated responding for cocaine doses ranging from 31.25-500 μg. PCB-exposed males (not females) exhibited an increase in cocaine infusions (with a similar trend in active lever presses) during acquisition, but no PCB-related differences were observed during maintenance, examination of the cocaine dose-response relationship, or progressive ratio (PR) sessions. Overall, these results indicated perinatal PCB exposure enhanced early cocaine drug-seeking in this preclinical model of developmental contaminant exposure (particularly the males), but no differences were seen during later cocaine SA sessions. As such, additional questions regarding substance abuse proclivity may be warranted in epidemiological studies evaluating environmental contaminant exposures. (PsycINFO Database Record

Correlates of MMPI-A Substance Abuse Scales

This study evaluated the correlates of 16 scales for the identification of substance abuse with the adolescent form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-A). As predicted, the scales that were previously validated with adolescents in treatment for substance abuse (i.e., the Alcohol/Drug Problem Proneness scale, or PRO; the Alcohol/Drug Problem Acknowledgment scale, or ACK; the MacAndrew scale, or MAC-R; the Substance Abuse Proclivity scale, or SAP; and the Psychopathy scale, or PSP) were reliably and positively correlated with therapists' ratings of behavioral undercontrol and substance abuse and negatively correlated with ratings of behavioral overcontrol. There were few reliable correlates for the scales that had not been previously validated with adolescents in treatment for substance abuse, and these scales were not reliably correlated with therapists' ratings of substance abuse.

The validity of the MMPI in identifying alcoholics in a university setting.

The predictive validity of MMPI-based alcoholism scales in identifying alcoholism and other substance dependencies was evaluated in a naturalistic setting. Study participants were 466 male and female college students who completed the MMPI and the substance use disorder modules of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Results indicated that the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC), the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP) and the clinical scales of the MMPI had a poor ability to identify the 57 study participants who met DSM-III-R criteria for a substance use disorder, primarily alcoholism. Broadening the definition of substance abuse to a continuum of alcohol/drug problems did not improve the utility of the MMPI scales. Five screening questions that inquired about the consequences of alcohol and drug use were moderately effective in substance dependence identification and superior to the MAC, SAP and MMPI clinical scales. Results are consistent with previous research which concluded that the use of the MAC to identify alcoholics in clinical settings is not empirically justified.

A comparison of the substance abuse proclivity scale and the drug misuse scale from the MMPI

A comparison of the substance abuse proclivity scale and the drug misuse scale from the MMPI

A comparison of the substance abuse proclivity scale and the drug misuse scale from the MMPI

Abstract The Drug Misuse Scale and the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale, both of the MMPI, were compared using the adolescent sample used to develop the DMS. It was found that the SAP scale could not discriminate between different levels of drug use in this non‐treatment sample. It is concluded that the DMS may be superior at predicting proclivity to drug abuse.

Psychometric vs. attentional correlates of early onset alcohol and substance abuse.

Adolescent inpatients with a diagnosis of alcohol abuse (n = 28), nonalcohol substance abuse disorders (n = 15), or psychiatric disorders without substance abuse (n = 46) were examined on measures of attentional, intellectual, and personality functioning. High scores on a personality measure, the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP), was the best predictor of substance abuse in general. Alcohol abusers were differentiated from other substance abusers by their increased impairment on the Continuous Performance Test. Adolescents with alcohol abuse did not manifest the types of cognitive impairments associated with chronic alcoholism. These data suggest that certain attentional impairments may be associated with early onset alcohol abuse and that earlier conceptions of the role of attentional impairments in risk prediction for alcohol abuse are supported.

MacAndrew Versus MacAndrew: The Relative Efficacy of the MAC and the SAP Scales for the MMPI in Screening Male Adolescents for Substance Misuse

MacAndrew (1965) constructed the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC) using adult male alcoholic outpatients and male psychiatric outpatients. Later, he developed the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP; MacAndrew, 1986), specifically for screening younger males, using adolescent and young adult substance misusing and nonmisusing males 16 to 22 years of age. Because clinicians frequently apply the MAC to adolescents, we compared the efficacy of the MAC and the SAP scales using a sample of 436 young males between the ages of 13 and 25, who were hospitalized because of substance abuse, and 770 normal young males between the ages of 13 and 25. Results suggest that clinicians should use these scales with great caution.

Risk taking and personality.

Comparisons were made of the personality and social orientations of antisocial risk takers, defined as residents in a long-term drug-treatment facility (N = 24); adventurous risk takers, defined as rock climbers (N = 18); and prosocial risk takers, or heroes, defined as policemen and firemen decorated for bravery (N = 21). Measures included substance abuse proclivity, emotional arousability, conformity, moral reasoning, empathy, psychopathy, and sensation seeking. Discriminant analysis identified two functions that correctly classified 98.18% of the sample. Drug-unit residents had high scores on an Antisocial function, characterized by emotionality, depression, psychopathy, substance abuse proclivity, and lower scores on moral reasoning. Rock climbers had high scores on an Antistructural function, characterized by sensation seeking and moral reasoning, the latter reflecting the higher education level of the rock climbers. Neither discriminant function characterized the heroes. Thus, drug-unit residents, rock climbers, and heroes appear to represent both different psychological types and different forms of risk taking.

Factors associated with the problem-engendering use of substances by young men.

The responses of 786 young men (mean [+/- SD] age = 18.66 +/- 1.60)-294 substance abusers, 422 putative normals and 70 nonsubstance-abusing psychiatric outpatients--to the 36 items that comprise the Substance Abuse Proclivity (SAP) Scale were intercorrelated and the resulting 36 x 36 item intercorrelation matrix was factor analyzed by the method of principal factors. Three factors were extracted and rotated to oblique simple structure. These factors, each of which was well defined and readily interpretable, were labeled Extroversion, Rebelliousness and Self-Pity.

An examination of the applicability of the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale to young adult males.

An examination of the applicability of the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale to young adult males.

An examination of the applicability of the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale to young adult males.

An examination of the applicability of the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale to young adult males.

An examination of the applicability of the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale to young adult males.

An examination of the applicability of the Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale to young adult males.