Substance Abuse Distress Research Articles

Young pregnant clients in college or university counselling centres: Environmental and symptom experiences

AbstractThis archival study sought to examine the sociocultural contextual factors and symptom experiences with which young pregnant clients typically present to university and college counselling centres (UCCCs). Participants were 154 pregnant clients (aged 18–24), and 154 matched case–control women seeking counselling at their UCCC. Data were archived between 2013 and 2015 through the Center for Collegiate Mental Health. Pregnant clients were more likely to be relatively older, economically disadvantaged and first‐generation college students from a racial/ethnic minority group, as compared to the general population of women at UCCCs. Pregnant clients reported more depression and less social anxiety, but not more distress overall, than did matched controls. Contrary to this, counsellors judged pregnant clients to have a higher frequency of problems than control clients. Risky behaviours, social support and trauma correlated with distress similarly for pregnant clients and their matched controls, except for peer support, which emerged as a potentially unique protective factor for pregnant women against academic distress, and interpersonal abuse, which emerged as a potentially unique risk factor for substance abuse distress for pregnant women. These findings suggest that: (a) counsellors and clients differ in their perception of presenting problems and level of distress when pregnancy is a concern, (b) it is important for counsellors to understand the sociocultural context in which pregnant clients’ problems or distress occur, and (c) social support and interpersonal abuse seem to be unique protective/risk factors for young pregnant college students.

Psychological abuse, substance abuse distress, dissatisfaction with friendships, and incident psychiatric problems

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood in the associations between psychological abuse in childhood, substance abuse distress in childhood, and incident psychiatric problems (IPPs) in adulthood over 13 years of follow-up. MethodsWe used data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 9502), a representative, longitudinal, prospective cohort study. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the associations between psychological abuse, substance abuse distress, dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood, and IPPs in adulthood. Indirect effects and proportion mediated (%) were assessed with the difference-in-coefficients method. ResultsPsychological abuse (relative risk [RR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–1.89) and substance abuse distress in childhood (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.18–1.62) were associated with an increased risk of dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood. Dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood was associated with an increased risk of IPPs in adulthood (RR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.33–2.20). Moreover, dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood mediated 9.31% (95% CI: 4.25–14.57) of the association between psychological abuse in childhood and IPPs in adulthood, and 9.17% (95% CI: 4.35–16.33) of the association between substance abuse distress in childhood and IPPs in adulthood. ConclusionsDissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood mediates a minor proportion of the associations between psychological abuse, substance abuse distress, and IPPs in adulthood. Interventions aimed at decreasing dissatisfaction with friendships may dampen some of the effect of psychological abuse and substance abuse distress in childhood on IPPs in adulthood.