Subsoil Use Research Articles

Advantages of using BIM (BIM-technology) for the design and construction of subsoil use industry buildings and structures

The article provides information about the advantages of using information modeling technologies in the design and construction of facilities for subsoil use enterprises. The data on the state of the art of studying the aspects of the application of information modeling technologies in the field of industrial construction are presented. Recommendations for planning methods and the development of information models of buildings and structures of subsoil use objects are presented on base of the study of existing research. The article also provides information on the test information models of subsoil use industrial facilities which are necessary for the development of recommendations for the choice of levels of the attribute information of elements, for the correct and effective use of models at all stages of the object’s life cycle.

DESTRUCTIVE FACTORS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSOIL USE

The article discusses the destructive factors of sustainable development of the sphere of subsoil use: in the environmental sector - the destruction of natural objects and environmental pollution, in the social sphere - the deterioration of public health, stratification of the population by property status, by the level of financial support, in the technological sector - both the remaining obsolete technologies and new technologies that are not provided with a comprehensive analysis of the consequences their use. Here destructive factors are born not only by the remaining outdated technologies, but also by new technologies; a comprehensive (environmental, social, medical, economic, cultural, ethical) analysis of the consequences of their use is needed. The concept of sustainable development of the subsoil use sphere should be supplemented by appropriate mechanisms for reducing, reducing and neutralizing various destructive factors. The article provides examples of preventing destructive environmental and socio-economic phenomena in the field of subsoil use (State of El Salvador).

Договори та дозвільне регулювання у сфері видобутку бурштину

The article analyzes the contracts and licensing regulations in the field of amber mining. It is noted that Ukraine from the first years of independence began to develop local amber deposits and immediately encountered problems similar to those of amber plants in Russia and Poland: lack of protection of natural resources from looting and destruction, theft at all stages of exploration. exploration work, illegal amber mining and trafficking, illegal fishing by miners (diggers), etc. Ukraine ranks second in the world in terms of amber deposits, which also has the world's highest percentage of amber jewelry quality. It is determined that the problem of illegal amber mining has become especially relevant, as cases and volumes of such amber production have grown significantly. The issue of illegal amber mining and smuggling is also widely discussed in the media, as journalistic investigations often show that officials and high-ranking officials play a significant role in sustaining and benefiting from this shadow business, although these rumors are not officially confirmed. It is concluded that in modern conditions the issue of permitting regulation of legal amber mining and punishment of subjects of its illegal mining is on the agenda. Significant progress in permitting regulation was the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in December 2019 of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Settlement of Amber Mining» № 2240, which amended the Subsoil Code of Ukraine, which introduced a new species subsoil use «geological study of amber subsoil, including experimental and industrial development of deposits with subsequent extraction of amber (industrial development of deposits»), as well as the presence of a mandatory permit for special subsoil use for subjects of amber subsoil use. Keywords: amber, subsoil, contract, permit, illegal mining, auction, permit regulation, subsoil use

Strategic Priority for Greening the Kuzbass Economy: Land Rehabilitation Fund

In the article, according to the theory and methodology of strategizing of academician V. L. Kvinta substantiates the strategic priority of greening the economy of Kuzbass: the land reclamation fund. This strategic priority has become part of the one developed by the team of of Lomonosov Moscow state University under the leadership of academician V. L. Kvinta Strategies for socio-economic development of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass until 2035.The most serious environmental problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of their violation by open mining operations, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The most serious ecological problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of its disturbance by open pit mining, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The creation of the Kuzbass land reclamation fund, as an economic mechanism of financial guarantees, will make it possible to carry out work on the restoration of disturbed lands at the expense of coal mining enterprises, the authorities of the Kemerovo region will ensure monitoring and control over the reclamation behavior.The strategic initiative reflects the interests of Russia localized in the Kemerovo region, the interests of the region and its residents, its implementation will significantly improve the environmental situation in the region, restore the value of the land and ensure the possibility of its further use, including in agriculture and forestry, compatible with comfortable living of people subsoil use in the region. The strategic priority is backed by competitive advantages and all types of resources.

Господдержка развития редкоземельной промышленности и проблемы модернизации экономики

The paper reviews problems of improving the economic mechanism of subsoil use. This may help rationalize the use of natural resource potential and expand opportunities for extraction of rare and rare earth metals. Russia receives more than ninety percent of rare earth raw materials from abroad possessing its own significant reserves of rare earth metals. At the same time, the development of high-tech industries is impossible without a wide range of rare earth metals. The paper reveals the situation of Russian rare earth industry and offers recommendations to expand the raw material base by using technogenic deposits. The expediency of using concession schemes for development of small, including man-made mineral deposits has been substantiated. The paper proves the necessity of extending the practice of levying additional income tax (APT) to small complex deposits of solid minerals and also demonstrates the influence of new technologies.

Kazakhstan experience in adopting NEBA within its legal framework

ABSTRACT Kazakhstan's legal framework concerning oil spill issues has been reviewed and updated during 2015–2019, driven by the adoption of good international practice. Ensuring the full response toolkit is available and options are chosen to mitigate the overall impact of an incident were critical principles. The Oil Spill Preparedness Regional Initiative (OSPRI), in conjunction with national industry (North Caspian Operating Company - NCOC and KazMunaiGaz - KMG), shared the net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) approach and later the Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA) with key agencies and authorities as part of this effort. As the first step, workshops and seminars on NEBA were organized at local and national levels. These were facilitated by international experts and national consultants to build awareness and understanding. The second step was to embed NEBA within the legal framework. The legal system has a strong hierarchy including Codes, Laws and Orders. The National Contingency Plan (2015), approved by Order, acknowledged NEBA and gave impetus to develop additional legislation on the NEBA process. To ensure proper legal force, it was suggested to embed NEBA higher up the hierarchy, in the Subsoil Use Code (2017). Practical implementation of NEBA (during simulation exercises) and review by authorities of a draft NEBA report prepared by NCOC, revealed that the process required further clarification. It was not clear how NEBA should be presented in contingency plans, for authorities' review and approval i.e. whether it should be a separate report or incorporated within the plan. It was mooted that proposed amendments to the Environmental Code would aid clarification. In order to support a coherent process of contingency plans' approval, NEBA should be supported by a suitable and recognized implementation methodology. The SIMA methodology has been proposed as an option in Kazakhstan. Work on the Environmental Code's amendments, incorporating suitable clarifications, is expected to be completed in 2020. Based on the experience of NEBA adoption in Kazakhstan, cooperation between industry and authorities, exercises and workshops leads to positive results. The process has taken some years, as capacity building and legislative developments were required, but is reaching a successful conclusion. This will inform the choice of response options for any future incidents, to achieve least overall ecological and socio-economic impacts.

Accounting support of the strategic analysis of activity of the extractive industry enterprises and development of quarries depending on solvency of buyers

The branch features of functioning the enterprises of the extractive industry influencing the organization of the account, the analysis and audit are established: limited stocks of minerals influence the actual period of functioning of the enterprise; seasonal demand for products; complex production; the location of the enterprise in relation to settlements must be consistent with the safety of the technological process for the environment, people; obtaining special permits for legitimate subsoil use. The elements of accounting policy as a tool for the actual reflection of contractual and depreciation policy in the financial statements are described. It was found that all surveyed companies apply a uniform depreciation policy. Given the seasonal nature of production and underutilization of capacity, it is proposed to move to the application of intensive depreciation policy. This will allow you to clearly plan the timing of equipment upgrades and the cost of own or borrowed funds for its implementation Stages of assessment of buyers’ solvency are offered. The first stage involves establishing the degree of implementation of agreements between buyers and the mining industry. The second stage involves determining the completeness of the provision of cash or non-cash proceeds from sales based on the establishment of correlations between the indicators of the statement of financial performance and the statement of cash flows. The third stage involves establishing the increase in receivables for sold products, goods, works, services for the reporting period and the share of the increase in receivables in the net income from sales for the reporting period.

The Legal Regulation of the Use of Natural Healing Resources: The Theory and Practice of Disputes Resolution

The article is devoted to the issue of regulating the use of natural healing resources in Ukraine, the European Union, and other countries. Natural resources have been found to have many functions, but one of the most important is the ability to use them as a means of preserving or maintaining human health. For this reason, natural healing resources are subject to a special legal regime. Public relations arising from the use and protection of natural healing resources are subjected to legal regulation and devoted to the identification and accounting of natural healing resources, ensuring their rational extraction, use, and protection in order to create favourable conditions for treatment, disease prevention, and recreation. Despite the wide range of healing properties in various natural objects, the environmental legislation of Ukraine contains only a small number of rules on their use. This problem is most fully disclosed in the Water Code of Ukraine, which not only enshrines the procedure for assigning certain water resources to the category of healing but also provides for the adoption of special law statutes and regulations regarding the list of existing water bodies in Ukraine and their inherent healing functions. These regulations highlight the fact that most of the natural healing resources specified in the list belong to the sphere of subsoil use. However, there are no norms in the Subsoil Code of Ukraine that would regulate the use and protection of such objects. Instead, the Subsoil Code of Ukraine contains general rules on basic requirements in the field of subsoil protection, as well as a special article on the protection of subsoil areas of special scientific or cultural value. Healing resources are not mentioned, which is a glaring omission. Situation analysis of the national legal system regarding the use of natural healing resources has shown the need to restructure the legislation, with the primary task of protecting and preserving the healing properties of such sources. For this purpose, the existing practice of public relations among developed European countries, as well as the positive experience in this area, should be taken into account to achieve effective improvement of the legislation system of Ukraine. Studying the issue of prosecution for violation of the rules on the use of natural healing resources or causing damage to them suggests that the national legal system is based on economic interests, without prioritising the preservation of the healing value of such sources. As a result, Ukraine’s policy to preserve the healing properties of natural objects is not characterised by effective methods, significantly reducing the number of such unique and useful resources. The analysis of court cases is evidence that the practice of effective protection and restoration of healing resources is not common. The number of such cases is currently too small when compared with those regarding damages to such natural resources caused by legal entities and individuals.

Theoretical and methodological aspects regarding the evaluation of a super-resource product

The subject of the study is the value of geological objects investigated for the needs of defining a number of concepts related to economic and fiscal geology. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the nature of resource-resource fiscalization of subsoil use and methods of estimated calculation of its indicators. Methodology of work – the method of monographic analysis (in determining the cost-resource approach); method of abstract-logical analysis (in defining the system of concepts of economic and fiscal geology); method of generalization (when forming conclusions and suggestions). Methodology of work – method of abstract-logical analysis (in defining the system of concepts of fiscal geology, in particular, fiscal subsoil-resource product); monographic analysis (when using the resource-cost approach), volumetric- geochemical method (to quantify the estimated and prospective resources by the results of geochemical studies); comparison and generalization (when forming conclusions and proposals). Results of work. According to the results of the conducted researches of the essence, content, processes of subsoil use and methods of determining its cost indicators, according to literature sources and official documents, certain fiscal concepts of fiscal geology are substantiated. The essence of resource-based fiscalisation in subsoil use is defined as the conduct of certain studies of subsoil objects, the allocation of subsoil products, the determination of their resource indicators, and the establishment using official and non-official methods of value of these objects.The value-for-money approach to the evaluation of the subsoil resource product (required) is substantiated. This approach first distinguishes the explorable geological object, further distinguishes it from subsoil resources, then provides these products with specific methods of value estimation. These estimates determine the expected sale price of the property, the cost of renting the property, permanent ownership, permanent use, etc., as well as payments to the state treasury. Conclusions and suggestions. Cost and resource fiscalisation is interpreted as the determination of the fiscal value of subsoil resources products, on the basis of which the fiscal payments are calculated. The methodologies for calculating the cost of mining are necessary with certain additions and practical calculations combined into a recommendation document, discuss it, check it in practice, make certain adjustments and officially approve it for use in determining the fiscal value. Keywords: subsoil, minerals, resources, costs, expenses, extraction, payment.

Assessing challenges and threats for balanced subsoil use

The article identifies possible challenges and threats to balanced subsoil use, in particular mining, and assesses the danger of effects, which allows to highlight the main ones for elimination. The concept of balanced nature management has been clarified, and evolutionary changes in its content have been found out: from the balance within only the economic subsystem to the balance of all three components: environmental, social and economic. The definition of balanced mining has been formulated. The conceptual and categorical apparatus has been clarified regarding the occurrence of danger to the balanced mining: the definitions of global challenges, internal and external threats and risks, and their relationship to each other. We identify economic, environmental, social and institutional threats, and their structuring in relation to challenges. The methodological foundations of their assessment are developed, which include the fundamental principles of assessment procedures and the methodical tools—guidelines for assessing threats. The assessment procedures involve the calculation of particular indicators for each of the areas of threats; the calculation of general indicators taking into account the weight of particular indicators; and the definition of an integral indicator taking into account the weight of general ones. The classification of the integral indicator has been done with the allocation of four groups of the threats’ danger degrees. The guidelines were tested on the Sverdlovsk region, Russia.

Legal regime of subsoil use in Indonesia

The object of this research is the mining relations in the Sunda Islands of the Malay Archipelago. Analysis is conducted on the normative legal regulation of subsoil use in the Republic of Indonesia, the regime of which is uniform for subsoil zones located on island and offshore territories within Indonesian jurisdiction, but is differentiated depending on the type of mineral resources. The author meticulously examines the state mechanism of management of mining industry, placing emphasis on the role of the municipal authorities. The article examines the content of Indonesian mining and environmental laws that are the main subject of research, governmental acts, and doctrinal sources. The material contains the information on the licensing of subsoil use in Indonesia, including the recent changes therein requirements introduced in 2021. The relevance of this research lies in consideration of the existing legal problems pertaining to subsoil use in Indonesia, representations on the modern system and structure of state administration in this sphere, need of the Russian miners involved in construction of nickel clusters in the Republic of Indonesia, legal support of their business, need for the promotion of Russia’s interests in Southeast Asia. The scientific novelty consists in provision of the fundamentally new information on the subject matter, namely with regards to the licensing of subsoil use and foreign investment, as well as in formulation of conclusions, including on the basis of previously known data. The author indicates the possibility of using the Indonesian interpretation of the “residual principle” for the normative legal regulation of the Russian subsoil use.

Digitization of subsoil use technologies

Introduction. Economy digitalization trends show that industries involved in mineral extraction and processing will sooner or later have to face the challenges of introducing new management technologies. Expected innovations deal with large amounts of data both in terms of object initial state characteristics and in tracking changes in its parameters at all stages of raw material transformation into a marketable product. Research methodology includes assessing factors determining industry digitalization, as well as studying production area readiness for new management technologies introduction. The difficulty is that mineral raw material extraction and processing is represented by a set of technologies. Exploration, deposit 78 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 2. 2021 ISSN 0536-1028 description, reserves assessment, processing technologies, utilization and storage of tailings, dumps, reclamation, etc. – all these processes belong to different branches of science and are not always linked into a single technological cycle. Results. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the structure and sources of information flows required to form a unified digital model of mineral processing. It is shown that the data unit responsible for the “ore processing procedures databases” is the least ready to be embedded in a single digital model. Conclusions. Despite the many problems associated with the use of digital technologies, there are no fundamental obstacles to mineral raw material processing simulation models creation, including deposit identification, rock mass formation and all stages of obtaining a commercial product.

Decision-making algorithm based on the results of systematic monitoring of forested landscapes in the subsoil use territories of the Urals

Relevance of the study. Currently, information obtained during monitoring, including monitoring of forest lands, is of particular importance for making informed decisions on the development of natural potential. A feature of these works today is the lack of combination of data collection procedures, their processing with models of structural elements of forest lands, which requires a solution to the problem under consideration. The aim is to form, according to the results of system monitoring, a system of interconnected decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions. The methodology for the formation of a system of interrelated decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions is based on the use of mathematical models of natural objects of forest ecosystems, natural phenomena in them and forest-forming processes, on the procedures of a comprehensive assessment and optimization of forest land use in industrial regions in accordance with current provisions of the concept of environmentally sustainable development of territories. Results and their application. The algorithms for decision-making in the use of forest lands based on the results of system monitoring are considered: substantiation of strategic indicators of sustainable development of forest lands in industrial regions in the face of modern challenges and risks; comprehensive ecological and economic assessment of the natural resource potential of forest lands; determination of leeways of permissible use of forest lands in industrial regions in specific climatic and socio-economic conditions; coordination of individual interests of land users on forest lands with public preferences for the development of industrial regions; multi-criteria optimization of the use of forest lands in industrial regions. The main principles of forecasting the parameters of a comprehensive assessment of forest lands, the use of the indicator of consumption of net primary products of forest ecosystems, the sequence of greening the economy of the use of forest lands in industrial regions, justification of concessions to the extreme values of particular criteria in multi-criteria optimization are given. The proposed additional indicators of sustainable development of forest areas in the Middle Urals, the results of calculations on the change in the natural resource potential of forest lands in the subsoil use area are presented; the substantiation of the multicriteria optimization of the use of raw material resources of forest lands is given. Conclusions. The proposed decision-making algorithms in the field of systemic monitoring of forest lands are intellectual support for users in the analysis of information in the field of land relations. They provide a substantive dialogue that allows you to form the necessary information in a user-friendly form, adjust the data processing process and make decisions.

Method of Use and Tools of Geographic Information Systems in Subsoil Use

This article is concerned with the methodology and tooling of applying geoinformation systems according to users of subsurface resources. Currently Rosgeolfond uses various geographic information systems (GIS) that allow accumulating, updating, verifying, and monitoring the geological and economic information used in the decision-making process at the Federal and regional levels. At the same time in recent years solutions of such systems in data maintenance of digital topographic basic principles of standard scale economic sector have increased significantly. Meanwhile the companies which are users of subsurface resources need badly both a methodology for using geoinformation systems in mineral resource management and the availability of similar tools in terms of functionality. The purpose of this article is to develop methods and tools as represented by set of logical stages for the employment of geoinformation systems in subsurface use. The work is carried out with the financial support of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation No. MD-2409.2020.5.

Legal regime of subsoil use in Australia

The subject of this research is the Australian federal and regional normative legal acts that regulate subsoil use. The object is public relations in the sphere of land turnover, subsurface and natural resource management in the Commonwealth of Australia. The author describes the system and structure of normative legal regulation, as well as subsoil use in Australia. The work contains a list of sources of the Australian natural resources law; analysis of their content is carried out. Special attention is given to the legal regime of exploitation of subsoil resources of the continental shelf of the Commonwealth of Australia, licensing of subsoil use, the role of British monarchy in exercising the right of ownership of land by its subjects, and the authority for subsoil management. The scientific novelty of this article consists in the disclosure of legal regime of subsoil use in the Commonwealth of Australia in the context of amendments to Australian natural resources legislation, constitutional and administrative reforms. This work reflects the economic interest of the Russian Federation and domestic organizations of the fuel and energy complex in the Oceania Region, which defines its relevance. The presented materials can be used within the framework of comparative jurisprudence, lawmaking, for educational and other purposes. The author concludes on the preservation of public legal regime of subsoil use in Australia, namely with regards to turnover of licenses and shares therein.

Improvement of administrative approaches to subsoil state management in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Mineral resource base of the Republic of Kazakhstan, being as the basis of its economy, plays a special role not only in sustainable development of the country, but also in the formation of successful international relations. The paper substantiates the direction of the mining and metallurgical complex development in the Republic of Kazakhstan towards solving the problem of increasing the country's long-term competitiveness. It was demonstrated that achieving these goals will allow building the potential for consistent and secure participation of the national economy in market interaction with leading global partners on mutually beneficial terms. At the same time, despite forecasted promising geological data, significant excess of the scope of mining work over that of exploration is observed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is also shown that the share of investments in geological exploration in the total investments in the mining sector is insignificant. The major part of the funds is invested in mineral extraction activities. In this connection, the paper proposes ways to improve administrative approaches to subsoil management in the Republic of Kazakhstan when granting subsoil use rights, in order to eliminate barriers for investors. The proposed improvements for the state subsoil management can have positive effect: investment growth due to improving the administrative approaches in the Republic’s state subsoil management, ensuring transparency of information, supporting new standards, a simplified procedure for obtaining subsoil use rights (licensing); reducing corruption in the field of geology and subsoil use and reducing labor costs for the implementation of state functions through the creation of a modern geological infrastructure and the use of innovative opportunities in the implementation of supervisory functions by the competent authorities; ensuring fair returns for the government from taxes, as well as obtaining fair returns by investors.

Justification of category procurement strategy implementation at uranium mining enterprises

The study relevance is supported by the following: the need to improve procurement activities in accordance with the tasks set by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which indicate the need for radical revision of approaches to procurement in the quasi-public sector, natural monopolies, and subsoil use sector; the need to optimize NAC Kazatomprom JSC (the Company)'s expenses and reduce the cost of production in highly competitive situation at the natural uranium market through implementing category procurement strategy; the need to ensure efficiency and transparency of the Company's procurement through the implementation of category procurement strategy. The study aim is to substantiate effectiveness of the category procurement strategy implementation at uranium mining enterprises. The category procurement strategy is a completely new approach, which, unlike the current system, provides for achievement of economic efficiency throughout the entire life cycle of a product, work, or service. This system is being implemented for the first time in the Company and has no analogues in the country. The paper analyzed the current state of procurement activities of the uranium mining enterprises, identified and segmented problem areas of the activities, determined directions of their optimization. In addition, effectiveness of the category procurement strategy implementation at the enterprise was substantiated, and measures were developed to form the category procurement strategy in the Company for the main groups of goods.

КАСПИЙ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ НЕДРОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ И ВОПРОСЫ ГЕОПОЛИТИКИ

Consideration of the issue of the legal status of the Caspian Sea seems very relevant both from the social and political point of view and from the point of view of the organization of subsoil use. Today, the Caspian hydrocarbon reserves are estimated at about 3% of the total world reserves, which makes this region a place of attraction for many subsoil users, as well as a place of clash of private and public, as well as interstate interests. It is the study of interrelations and mutual influences of socio-economic and mineral components in this region that is most important for understanding the system of relations in the region and their forecasts. The aim is to analyze retrospectively the formation of common rules of relations in the Caspian region and determine the role of the mineral factor in them. The basis for writing the article was a review and comparison of publicly available domestic and foreign literary sources concerning both the question of the right status of the Caspian Sea and the features of subsoil use in the Caspian Sea, as well as a critical analysis of regulations. The sources were sampled taking into account the time period from 2000 to 2020. Among the features of subsoil use in the Caspian Sea were identified and described physical-geographical, primarily climatic, geological, engineering-geological and ecological features. When considering the chronology of the solution of the «Caspian issue», close attention was paid to the characteristics of the Caspian summits and the main events associated with the intensification of subsoil use in the Caspian Sea. In particular, the events related to the laying of oil pipelines by Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, the participation of large energy companies in the development of fields, the contradictions that have arisen between countries on the basis of subsoil use were considered. In addition, the key provisions of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea adopted in 2018 were considered. The main thing that the retrospective analysis has shown is that the role of the mineral factor in the formation of relations in the Caspian region is enormous. It can be considered one of the main reasons for long, hesitant steps (which took more than 20 years) on the way to solving the issue of the legal status of the Caspian Sea. At the same time, it should be recognized that even the adopted Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea has not been able to fully resolve the problem of subsoil use in this region, which gives an impulse to search for new ideas in solving this problem

The system of methods of state regulation in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity by subsoil users in modern Russia

The article analyses the norms of the current Russian legislation on state regulation of entrepreneurial relations, as well as the norms of subsoil legislation, defining the ways of state regulation in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity by subsoil users. The author also carried out a comparison of the specified norms of the Russian legislation with the norms of the Model Code on subsoils and subsoil use and the Model Law “About enterprise”. Based on this analysis, proposals for improving the subsoil legislation to form a system of methods of state regulation in the field of entrepreneurial activity by subsoil users in modern Russia were formulated. In particular, it should be supplemented such ways of public organization of entrepreneurship in the sphere of subsoil use, as creation of a special management body in the field of state support of industrial and innovative activity; as well as fixation of norms on technical regulation, on the basis of tax regulation, on measures to support small and medium entrepreneurship in the sphere of subsoil use at the level of law. It is advisable to strengthen the Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil” with the legislative principles of state regulation in the sphere of subsoil use. It seems necessary to supplement the tasks of state regulation on the implementation of state policy on scientific and technological development in accordance with the new constitutional provisions on the establishment of a federal policy framework in the field of scientific and technological development.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LAND AND SUBSOIL USE WHEN USING UNDERGROUND SPACE

There is a strong bonding of categories when we are to consider problems connected with land. The constant development of social relations brings the necessity to notice what is vital for the legislation to follow those changes. In that order, there is unambiguity in resolving land disputes, particularly about subsoil use. The spatial use of land rights raises a question of clear legislative criteria for their application. For us, it refers to the consideration of the upper and lower limits of rights distribution. Accordingly, this article investigates the rules of legislation for land and subsoil use. The object of the study is legal problems arising from social relations regarding land and subsoil use. As for the methodology, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, abstraction, generalization, historical and legal methods, formal-legal (dogmatic) method, comparative-legal and sociological-legal methods, legal modeling, and critical-legal method. It has been concluded that domestic legal doctrine includes two approaches to the distribution of owner's rights for the underground space. Additionally, there is a problem of legal demarcation between land and subsoil use. As a result of the study, we offer some ways to solve this issue.