Subsequent Realization Research Articles

VIDEO PODCAST (VODCAST) – PEDAGOGICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CREATIVE STRATEGY “CREATING YOUR OWN DIGITAL CONTENT”

The study examines the use of videocasting as a specific form of the “learner-generated videos” pedagogical strategy and its impact on the three main areas of learning – knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The benefits for the knowledge and skills, and in general for the cognitive behavioral experience that the learners acquire through such contextualized and active actions, are proven by numerous studies and were naturally reconfirmed in the current video podcast creation process. Therefore, the present study focuses on the learners’ attitudes (without neglecting the first two – knowledge and skills), how they evaluate their experience, and the value of the specific pedagogical tool. In this activity, the teacher’s assumption was confirmed that the video podcast created by the students is an active, interesting, engaging, and motivating form for them to acquire and consolidate several valuable skills, which will give them practical experience in situ, a sense of meaningful learning, authenticity, autonomy, collaboration, and confidence in their subsequent professional realization.

Antimicrobial resistance: A significant public health issue of both human and veterinary concern

Abstract Introduction The discovery of antibiotics and the subsequent realization that these medications are the most effective treatments for a wide range of illnesses affecting the health of humans and animals constituted a revolution in medical history. Methods A review of the literature was done, looking for pertinent studies, using an explorative review method to discuss how the widespread use of antibiotics often led to bacterial resistance and antibiotic residue in food animals, which negatively impacted humans and animals. Results The study showed that treating bacterial resistance is a therapeutic challenge for physicians and veterinary professionals. Increased treatment failure rates, the severity of disease-causing infections, the frequency of blood infections, the length of time patients were sick, and the death rate in both humans and animals are all signs that the overuse of antibiotics is becoming a catastrophe. Discussion To prevent the negative effects of antibiotics in people, animals, and the environment, especially in developing nations, this article ends by recommending that strict guidelines, laws, and regulations regarding the use of antibiotics in clinical human and veterinary medicine be implemented. Concern must be expressed about the effects of inactivity on public health, both now and in the future. We may attempt to reverse the global resistance issue by increasing the use of antibiotics and reducing the frequency of resistance genes at all levels. Ultimately, the safety of animal products depends on the proper use of antibiotics in animal husbandry under the supervision of a veterinarian.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ НА ПРОЕКТНО-БАЗИРАНО ОБУЧЕНИЕ И БИНАРЕН УРОК ПРИ РАБОТА С МАЛЦИНСТВЕНИ ГРУПИ В ПЪРВИ И ВТОРИ ГИМНАЗИАЛЕН ЕТАП НА СРЕДНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Project-based learning and binary lessons off er innovative approaches to improving the educational process, especially when working with minority groups. They provide opportunities for active participation, collaboration, and integration of cultural diff erences, leading to higher quality and more effective education. By implementing these methods, we can create a more inclusive and stimulating learning environment that encourages all students to achieve their potential. The goal of the implemented innovative project is to create an interdisciplinary link between two subjects – ‘Information Technology’ and ‘Organization and Operation of the Food and Beverage Sector’ to motivate students to learn both inside and outside the classroom. Interdisciplinary learning will not replace individual subjects but will bring them closer, complement, develop, and enhance the education. In the development of a specific project, students use their theoretical knowledge in various practical activities. The lessons that are actually conducted are binary because two mentor teachers unite two classes from the first and second high school stages, two academic subjects from the curriculum, in one real classroom with digital conditions. Finding common ground in solving real didactic cases is a process where students are encouraged to perceive, discuss, and reason from the perspective of multiple disciplines, find answers and present results. Acquiring teamwork skills and building clear logical connections between different thematic units are of essential importance for the subsequent life realization of students from minority groups.

Tissue-Level Integration Overrides Gradations of Differentiating Cell Identity in Beetle Extraembryonic Tissue.

During animal embryogenesis, one of the earliest specification events distinguishes extraembryonic (EE) from embryonic tissue fates: the serosa in the case of the insects. While it is well established that the homeodomain transcription factor Zen1 is the critical determinant of the serosa, the subsequent realization of this tissue's identity has not been investigated. Here, we examine serosal differentiation in the beetle Tribolium castaneum based on the quantification of morphological and morphogenetic features, comparing embryos from a Tc-zen1 RNAi dilution series, where complete knockdown results in amnion-only EE tissue identity. We assess features including cell density, tissue boundary morphology, and nuclear size as dynamic readouts for progressive tissue maturation. While some features exhibit an all-or-nothing outcome, other key features show dose-dependent phenotypic responses with trait-specific thresholds. Collectively, these findings provide nuance beyond the known status of Tc-Zen1 as a selector gene for serosal tissue patterning. Overall, our approach illustrates how the analysis of tissue maturation dynamics from live imaging extends but also challenges interpretations based on gene expression data, refining our understanding of tissue identity and when it is achieved.

Promoting sustainable smallholder farming systems in China

CONTEXTHundreds of millions of smallholder farmers account for 84% of farming households globally. Owing to the limited access to knowledge and resources, smallholder farming systems under sub-optimal management are facing multiple challenges such as adverse environmental impacts and difficulties in meeting growing food demand. Although substantial advanced techniques and practices have been developed, applying these practices on the ground at a large scale remains a great challenge. OBJECTIVESThis study aims to assess the sustainability of typical soil-crop management practices in order to recommend best practice bundles. The study also deploys a farmer survey in order to identify barriers hindering the adoption of sustainable practices and propose ways to overcome these barriers. METHODSTo achieve these aims, we develop a generalizable framework combining technical innovations and social realization pathway for sustainable transformation of smallholder farming systems. We apply this framework in the North China Plain as a case study, propose target-oriented practice bundles and subsequent realization roadmaps from smallholder farmer's perspectives and interests. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSOur results show that nitrogen reduction has the greatest positive effect on the overall sustainability of smallholder farming systems (12–14%), followed by formula fertilizer (6–10%) and optimal crop practices (2–4%). Thus, our recommended practice bundles include reducing fertilizer inputs and optimal sowing date and rate. However, our farmer survey shows that the implementation of these recommended practices faces barriers associated with economic costs, labor requirements, and farmer's preferences and acceptance. We suggest ways to overcome these barriers, including multi-stakeholder platforms better connecting smallholders, scientists, government, and industry. SIGNIFICANCEOur framework can be amended to fit different contexts and targets, therefore it can be adopted and tweaked by other regions worldwide dominated by smallholder agriculture to promote sustainable transformation.

Autonomous quantum heat engine based on non-Markovian dynamics of an optomechanical Hamiltonian

We propose a recipe for demonstrating an autonomous quantum heat engine where the working fluid consists of a harmonic oscillator, the frequency of which is tuned by a driving mode. The working fluid is coupled two heat reservoirs each exhibiting a peaked power spectrum, a hot reservoir peaked at a higher frequency than the cold reservoir. Provided that the driving mode is initialized in a coherent state with a high enough amplitude and the parameters of the utilized optomechanical Hamiltonian and the reservoirs are appropriate, the driving mode induces an approximate Otto cycle for the working fluid and consequently its oscillation amplitude begins to increase in time. We build both an analytical and a non-Markovian quasiclassical model for this quantum heat engine and show that reasonably powerful coherent fields can be generated as the output of the quantum heat engine. This general theoretical proposal heralds the in-depth studies of quantum heat engines in the non-Markovian regime. Further, it paves the way for specific physical realizations, such as those in optomechanical systems, and for the subsequent experimental realization of an autonomous quantum heat engine.

Patterning Magnonic Structures via Laser Induced Crystallization of Yittrium Iron Garnet

AbstractThe fabrication and integration of high‐quality structures of Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is critical for magnonics. Films with excellent properties are obtained only on single crystal Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) substrates using high‐temperature processes. The subsequent realization of magnonic structures via lithography and etching is not straightforward as it requires a tight control of the edge roughness, to avoid magnon scattering, and planarization in case of multilayer devices. In this work a different approach is described based on local laser annealing of amorphous YIG films, avoiding the need for subjecting the entire sample to high thermal budgets and for physical etching. Starting from amorphous and paramagnetic YIG films grown by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature on GGG, a 405 nm laser is used for patterning arbitrary shaped ferrimagnetic structures by local crystallization. In thick films (160 nm) the laser induced surface corrugation prevents the propagation of spin‐wave modes in patterned conduits. For thinner films (80 nm) coherent propagation is observed in 1.2 µm wide conduits displaying an attenuation length of 5 µm that is compatible with a damping coefficient of ≈5 × 10−3. Possible routes to achieve damping coefficients compatible with state‐of‐the art epitaxial YIG films are discussed.

Scientific mentoring in the higher education system: the results of an empirical study

The article is devoted to the problem of scientific mentoring in the higher education system. Research activities are an integral part of university education. The teaching staff of higher educational institutions is represented by scientific and pedagogical workers, the reproduction of human resources for this system requires active involvement in research activities, supporting postgraduate students. To ensure continuity, it is necessary to include students in this activity, only a successful process of scientific socialization during the years of study is able to ensure the subsequent professional realization of young specialists in the higher education system. Scientific mentoring can be implemented in various forms. The choice of the option depends on the target audience, specialty, course of study, established traditions, individual psychological and pedagogical characteristics of students, features of the professional trajectory of students. A survey of students of higher educational institutions and teaching staff was used as research methods. When working with the heads of structural divisions, the method of in-depth interview was chosen. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: high assessment of the importance of scientific mentoring by all participants of the survey. Among the most important qualities of mentors is a good command of their field of knowledge and the ability to intelligibly convey this knowledge to students. The teaching staff faces a number of organizational, methodological and informational difficulties in implementing the function of scientific mentors. The implementation of this activity is dominated by short trajectories of scientific leadership of students. In most cases, the mentor provides guidance as part of the preparation of articles. Heads of departments and deans among the barriers to the development of the mentoring system testify of a weak starting level of students, a low level of motivation of teachers.

“Genghis Khans” of the 17th-18th centuries: between politics and religion

The Mongolian peoples traditionally associated crucial events and processes with the name of Genghis Khan. Nonetheless, that name acquired a nominal significance in one sphere, specifically as a title or an auxiliary name to the first, where it became a special name. The Genghis Khan name itself held a holy and tabooed implication that guided its subsequent realization. The study aims to investigate the impact of religion on the utilisation of Genghis Khan’s title by the Mongolian leaders during the XVII- XVIII centuries. The study focuses on two leaders of Mongolian peoples, the Chakhar in the east and the Oirat-Hoshut in the west, to examine the uniformity and diversity of interpreting and implementing this name as a title. They were Ligdan and Lkhavzan, with Ligdan being a direct descendant of Genghis Khan and Lkhavzan was considered to be a descendant of Khabutu, the younger brother of Genghis Khan. The author came to the following conclusions: such use of Genghis Khan’s name became possible due to the influence of a number of factors that actualised Genghis Khan’s name: 1) the struggle against separatism under the influence of external force; 2) the desire to “start anew”, to lead a “new era of prosperity”; 3) the need to identify oneself as a true leader under the increasing role of religion. The scientific contribution is to determine the multidimensional meaning of Genghis Khan’s name; its use as a title had common grounds and characteristics, and in general had the expected (albeit in the short term) results.

Сущность свободы в православии

Свобода человека является одним из самых важных понятий и в философии, и в богословии. Если философия в понимании свободы сосредоточена на вопросах соотношения свободы и необходимости, то православное богословие утверждает, что свобода есть дар Бога человеку при его творении. Тем самым, согласно православию, свобода изначально укоренена в человеке, и не может быть им утрачена ни при каких обстоятельствах; она может быть повреждена и деформирована, но не отнята у человека. Повреждается же свобода греховными действиями и помыслами человека; грех, согласно православному учению, делает человека несвободным. Грешить ли или избегать греха находится в воле человека; поэтому он ответственен за свою жизнь в полной мере. По видимости, свобода человека вступает в противоречие с предопределением Бога о человеке, но коллизия эта решается в православии посредством свободного приятия воли Бога человеком, как воли благой и направленной к духовному преуспеянию человека. Грех, сотворенный человеком, может быть искуплен покаянием, как искренним раскаянием и твердым намерением более не грешить, с последующей реализацией этого намерения. Покаяние возвращает человеку свободу в ее первоначальном смысле и восстанавливает единство человека и Бога.

169 Cost-effectiveness analysis of geriatrician-led perioperative services in district general hospitals

Abstract Background Perioperative care for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS) services using Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and optimisation methodology in the perioperative setting are clinically and cost effective. Originally described within a tertiary centre, the POPS model has been successfully translated to district general hospital (DGH) settings. The aim of this project was to deliver a cost-effective, CGA-based perioperative service for older people at an NHS trust operating across two geographically separate district general hospitals, with support from the newly established POPS Network, an initiative designed to scale up POPS services across the NHS. Methods A POPS service had been informally provided by two consultant physicians since 2017, but the service was formalised through the NHS Elect POPS network in 2021. Data were collected from 50 consecutive patients reviewed in POPS outpatient clinic, over a six-week period. Patients with polypharmacy (defined as prescription of five or more drugs) were identified and the number of medications deprescribed was catalogued. The number of specialty referrals or additional outpatient appointments avoided by early CGA was also recorded. Additionally, prospective data on drugs deprescribed on 90 consecutive surgical inpatients were analysed. Economic evaluation was conducted by the trust’s financial and pharmacy departments. Results For POPS outpatients, through prevention of onward specialty referral or other outpatient appointments (mean 2.54 per patient), cost saving was calculated at £803 per patient. This generated an extrapolated annual saving of £385,440 at each site. For inpatients, pharmacological optimisation led to an estimated annual cost saving of £239,000, with on average two medications deprescribed per patient. Subsequent benefits realisation analysis at 18 months demonstrated that these results remain consistent. Conclusion POPS services within DGHs, when delivered by clinicians who practise holistically, have a significant positive financial impact through pharmacovigilance and by preventing unnecessary specialty referrals and outpatient appointments. These cost savings of over £500,000 have easily funded the substantive service.

Soil Quality Assessment in Response to Water Erosion and Mining Activity

Erosion significantly decreases the depth of a soil, the nutrients available for plants, the organic matter and, consequently, the productivity of the edaphic environment. Due to the above considerations, the objective of this study was to evaluate, through various properties, the quality of two eroded soils, one eroded by water and the other by mining activity, amended with biosolids. The quality for both soils was estimated through the selection of a minimum set of data by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and the subsequent realization of correlations, multiple regressions and finally calculations of normalized values (Vn) of those properties considered as indicators of soil quality. According to the results, inorganic nitrogen (NI) and respiratory activity (RA) were the properties selected as indicators to assess quality. For soil eroded by water and by mining activity, NI presented a low and very low quality, respectively (class 4 and 5 of quality according to the calculation of Vn). The quality of RA in soil eroded by mining extraction was very high (quality class 1 according to Vn), and thus it can be considered an ideal indicator for the evaluation of soil quality due to its sensitivity to anthropogenic changes (mining) in soil.

Design and Experimental Study of Ball-Head Cone-Tail Injection Mixer Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

The uniform and accurate mixing of pesticides in water is a necessary prerequisite for plant protection, especially for enabling precise variable spraying, and is also an important method to achieve a precise reduction in pesticide spraying. In order to ensure the uniform mixing of pesticides and water and solve the problems of traditional injection mixers, such as the limited range in the mixing ratio and unadjustable proportion, an active injection liquid mixer is designed in this paper. The mixer can be matched with an online mixing and spraying device to achieve accuracy in mixing and spraying. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to optimize the structure of the mixer. Through comparative analysis, the optimal structure of the mixer was found. It has a spherical head and conical tail, the number of guide plates is seven, and the shape is semicircular. By calculating the volume fraction of pesticide distribution under different cross-sections, the coefficient of variation in the process of mixing is obtained. The analysis shows that the maximum coefficient of variation of the ball-head cone-tail active injection mixer was 2.88% (lower than the allowable 5%) with a mixing ratio ranging from 300:1 to 3000:1. At the same time, image analysis methods of high-definition photography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were used to analyze the mixing effect of the mixer. The test results show that, when the pressure of the pesticide injection is 1 MPa, the distribution of the pesticide and water in the ball-head cone-tail injection mixer is more uniform under different mixing ratios, and it has a better spatio-temporal distribution uniformity with the concentration changing a little at different times and different spatial locations. The mixer can provide a theoretical reference and technical support for the subsequent realization of an accurate online variable spray.

Learning English in Early Childhood Education with Augmented Reality: Design, Production, and Evaluation of the “Wordtastic Kids” App

The pedagogical use of AR for language learning in early childhood education is focusing attention on the didactic potential that these resources present at such early ages. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the “Wordtastic Kids” Application (APP) in order to: (a) design, produce, and evaluate a new contextualized AR application for learning English in early childhood education; and (b) know the academic performance of early childhood education students towards learning English using an AR application. The methodology was based on the design of materials and the subsequent realization of the pre-test/post-test evaluation to determine the academic performance of the students. The results show a general increase in the scores obtained in all the pre-test and post-test categories that were addressed using the Wordtastic Kids Application, which proves to be a tool that improves the learning of English vocabulary in pre-school children. Therefore, it can be concluded that AR can be useful for complementing traditional vocabulary learning in children. However, it is important to note that the successful implementation of AR will depend on several factors, such as adequate teacher preparation, the quality of AR content, and the ability of children to interact with technology effectively.

Green culture, environmental innovativeness, green intellectual capital and circular economy implementation behaviour: A sequential mediation model

Although corporations have been propelled to adapt eco-innovation strategies including decent work practices, responsible consumption and production, and transition from linear economy to circular economy model to integrate natural ecosystems, businesses, and waste management, inversely, the actual impact of the circular economy implementation (CEI) in Ghana is yet to be felt. This paper aims to analyse the implications of corporate green culture (CGC) on CEI behaviour, and to design a model that explains the mediating roles of environmental innovativeness (EI) and green intellectual capital (GIC) on the relation between CGC and CEI behaviour from the perspective of a lower resource economy context. Our paper is positioned on positivists’ reasoning and quantitative research approach. A survey-based structured questionnaire has been used to collect data from 300 manufacturing firms in Ghana. Our hypotheses have been tested with the aid of SMART-PLS and structural equation modelling. The indicative results have shown that CGC positively affect CEI behaviour. Moreover, EI and GIC have significant and positive effects on CEI behaviour, Besides, GIC serves as a medium through which CGC indirectly impacts on CEI behaviour. The implications of the study include the emergence of baseline model to encourage CEI behaviour in Ghana and other Sub-Saharan African countries. The paper recommends that the newly developed model be used by practitioners to explain coordinated economic, ecological and social development, and restore ecological environment. Policymakers are encouraged to facilitate the reinforcement of environmental policies and subsequent realization of Sustainable Development Goals.

Development of a NOx Calculation Model for Low-Speed Marine Diesel Engines Based on Soft Measurement Technology

With the increasing level of intelligence of marine engines, there is an increasing demand for the online monitoring of engines, and marine NOx emissions have been of great concern. In this paper, a NOx simulation model is developed based on virtual measurement technology, which can calculate and predict NOx emissions based on the current operating state parameters of low-speed two-stroke diesel engines. First, the calibrated 3D simulation model is used to design the experiments to obtain the simulation experimental samples. Based on the NOx generation mechanism and diesel engine work-related parameters, the relevant factors were selected as alternative input parameters for the NOx emission model. The correlation analysis was then performed on the input parameters using the grey relational analysis correlation method and the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the principal component analysis method was used to reduce the dimensionality of the relevant factors by minimizing the loss of important information in reducing the complexity of the whole model. Then, the structure-related parameters of the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) were adaptively optimized using the group method of data handling (GMDH) to improve the accuracy of the NOx soft measurement model. Finally, the developed GMDH–BP model was validated with data and compared with the error evaluation index of BPNN and BPNN optimized by genetic algorithm (GA), and the developed NOx simulation model demonstrated high prediction accuracy under the same hyperparameter settings. The result provides technical support for the subsequent realization of the real-time online monitoring of NOx emissions from low-speed marine diesel engines without NOx sensors.

The script form in Soviet and Russian film studies

ABSTRACT This article explores the development of the script form in Soviet/Russian scriptwriting, which has drawn particular attention in the 1920s, when a polemic arose among film theorists and practitioners concerning the ‘iron’ and ‘emotional’ script. Sergei Eisenstein and Aleksandr Rzheshevskii, among others, favoured the emotional script with its expressive record of the future film to the rigid production plan of the ‘iron script’. In the 1930s, this polemic was resolved with the emergence of the ‘literary’ script, which united elements of both forms. Valentin Turkin, a pedagogue at Moscow’s Film School and author of the first Soviet textbook on film dramaturgy, played an important role in teaching of scriptwriting. Turkin defined the script as a heterogeneous literary form, an approach that influenced film dramaturgy into the 1960s–1970s, when Turkin’s theses were developed further: the scriptwriter’s work on the future film and on the script’s subsequent screen realisation are fruitful only through the literary script form. This approach dominated in teaching well into the 1990s, until the American format of the script was introduced with the first translations of textbooks into Russian, effectively returning to the ‘iron’ script form.

Learning by exporting: A system‐based review and research agenda

AbstractOver the past four decades, flourishing empirical research has attempted to establish the mechanisms and conditions underpinning improvements in exporters’ innovation and productivity via the learning‐by‐exporting (LBE) effect, and the domain has gained legitimacy and empirical credibility. However, the literature's findings are largely fragmented and require systematic review and analysis to draw definitive conclusions on the factors that influence the subsequent realization of learning from exporting. To fill this void, we critically examine the extant LBE research for the period 1984–2021. We systematically review 167 articles to develop a system‐based taxonomy and conceptual model of LBE, which comprises five major components: system outputs (productivity and innovation), inputs (e.g., institutional factors and resources), firm‐level capabilities (e.g., absorptive capacity and innovation persistence), managerial characteristics (e.g., entrepreneurship skills) and internationalization strategies. In doing so, we uncover paradoxical tensions within the system brought about by the conflicting roles of some components of the LBE system, such as firm‐, industry‐ and country‐level technological capabilities. Our review also reveals research gaps that open relevant opportunities for further research and conclusions that hold novel implications for managers and policymakers.

Research on surface defects detection method and system in manufacturing processes based on the fusion of multi-scale features and semantic segmentation for intelligent manufacturing

Multi-scale defect features, blurred edges and inability to locate geometric features have been the three key factors limiting the detection of surface defects on quality control system in the industrial manufacturing process. In this study, a method based on the fusion of multi-scale features and pixel-level semantic segmentation is proposed for the detection of surface defects. The proposed method firstly fuses multi-level feature maps to balance the expressiveness of multi-scale features, then adds a boundary refinement module to enhance the accurate inference of edge fine-grained, and finally adopts an en-decoder architecture to locate geometric features at the pixel-level for each type of defects, realizing intelligent detection of geometric features of end-to-end multi-scale defects on the surface of parts. We conduct experiments using the collected parts datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of our framework. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves MIoU of 80.1%, the recognition accuracy reaches more than 95 %, and a detection rate of up to 29.64 FPS, demonstrating the advancement and effectiveness of the proposed method with less misclassification and superior generalization performance and has progress and effectiveness in detecting surface defects of multi-scale features. It provides a research idea for the subsequent realization of surface quality inspection in the manufacturing process system.

Reconciling the Protection of Nature and Monuments – A Large-scale Nature Conservation Project Between the Siebengebirge and the Sieg

Funded by the Federal Office for Nature Conservation in close cooperation with Nature Conservation (Rhine-Sieg District) and Cultural Heritage Protection (LVR-State Service for Archaeological Heritage in the Rhineland) , the aim of this project was to conduct a major conservation project according to environmental communication protocols, and the first to be carried out in Germany. The occasion was the establishment of a maintenance and development plan in a major conservation project, scanning more than 10,000 hectares, and their subsequent realisation. The project helped create communication, coordination, and working structures, which were not only expandable but coulf also be applied to other nature conservation projects. In many cases, for their protection, the monument sites are transferred into a sustainable nature and heritage-compatible use during the implementation period using the measures suggested in the care and development plan of the conservation project 'chance 7' in the Rhine-Sieg District. Monuments suitable for presentation are preserved and made accessible to the general public.