Subsequent Opportunities Research Articles

Race, Market Size, Segregation and Subsequent Opportunities for Former NFL Head Coaches

Abstract This study examines subsequent head coach opportunities for former National Football League (NFL) head coaches. Under a subsequent CEO career framework, survival analysis is used to examine the effects of race and market characteristics on subsequent NFL head coach opportunities for former head coaches. Observations of former head coaches who neither ended their coaching careers nor possess head coach positions in the observed seasons are used (n = 1,132). Black former NFL head coaches are less likely to secure subsequent NFL head coaching opportunities if their most recent coaching position was in a large media market. However, both Black and non-Black former head coaches who most recently coached in highly segregated metropolitan areas experienced higher likelihoods of securing subsequent head coaching opportunities. This segregated market effect is even stronger for Black former head coaches. The NFL can utilize this information in policy formation decisions regarding hiring policies and practices. Teams and their lead executives can also use this information to identify any personal biases that may arise within the head coach labor market. Coaches may use the information to best position themselves for subsequent career opportunities.

Further discussion of the inherent challenges and subsequent opportunities for developing global science communication curricula

ABSTRACT This paper responds to the framework of learning outcomes and competencies proposed by Lewenstein and Baram-Tsabari [2022. How should we organize science communication trainings to achieve competencies? International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 12(4), 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2022.2136985], which provides an excellent overview of the skills underpinning all aspects of science communication. In presenting the framework, Lewenstein and Baram-Tsabari note that several people during the ‘member check’ of their framework development raised that many items may be culturally specific to Western, democratic nations. This is familiar to the discipline, which tends to be dominated by the theory developed in the ‘Global North’. The authors reiterate – rightly – that users of the framework need to develop a curriculum based on the needs of their audience and their context. However, if the dominant theories of the field are from one cultural perspective, this limits the opportunity to develop curricula in a global context. Science communication is increasingly found at the interface of attempts to address global issues like climate change, pandemics, food security and energy transition. Global solutions require global insights, meaning science communication theory and best practice need to be drawn from – and valued – from a greater variety of sources than is current practice.

Spiers Memorial Lecture: Quantum chemistry, classical heuristics, and quantum advantage.

We describe the problems of quantum chemistry, the intuition behind classical heuristic methods used to solve them, a conjectured form of the classical complexity of quantum chemistry problems, and the subsequent opportunities for quantum advantage. This article is written for both quantum chemists and quantum information theorists. In particular, we attempt to summarize the domain of quantum chemistry problems as well as the chemical intuition that is applied to solve them within concrete statements (such as a classical heuristic cost conjecture) in the hope that this may stimulate future analysis.

Exploring European Consensus About the Remaining Treatment Challenges and Subsequent Opportunities to Improve the Management of Invasive Fungal Infection (IFI) in the Intensive Care Unit

BackgroundThe global prevalence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is increasing, particularly within Intensive Care Units (ICU), where Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. represent the most important pathogens. Diagnosis and management of IFIs becomes progressively challenging, with increasing antifungal resistance and the emergence of rare fungal species.Through a consensus survey focused on assessing current views on how IFI should be managed, the aim of this project was to identify challenges around diagnosing and managing IFIs in the ICU. The current status in different countries and perceived challenges to date amongst a multidisciplinary cohort of healthcare professionals involved in the care of IFI in the ICU was assessed.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi approach, an expert panel developed 44 Likert-scale statements across 6 key domains concerning patient screening and minimal standards for diagnosis of IFIs in ICU; initiation and termination of antifungal treatments and how to minimise their side effects and insights for future research on this topic. These were used to develop an online survey which was distributed on a convenience sampling basis utilising the subscriber list held by an independent provider (M3 Global). This survey was distributed to intensivists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists and antimicrobial/ICU pharmacists within the UK, Germany, Spain, France and Italy. The threshold for consensus was set at 75%.ResultsA total of 335 responses were received during the five-month collection period. From these, 29/44 (66%) statements attained very high agreement (≥ 90%), 11/44 (25%) high agreement (< 90% and ≥ 75%), and 4/44 (9%) did not meet threshold for consensus (< 75%). ConclusionThe results outline the need for physicians to be aware of the local incidence of IFI and the associated rate of azole resistance in their ICUs. Where high clinical suspicion exists, treatment should start immediately and prior to receiving the results from any diagnostic test. Beta-D-glucan testing should be available to all ICU centres, with results available within 48 h to inform the cessation of empirical antifungal therapy. These consensus statements and proposed measures may guide future areas for further research to optimise the management of IFIs in the ICU.

Defining and measuring family: Lessons learned from LGBTQ+ people and families

AbstractObjectiveThis essay discusses the challenges and opportunities of defining family in the context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people.BackgroundLGBTQ+ people and their families remain at the forefront of novel family scholarship. Interrogating methodological approaches to defining family are critical for overcoming the continued marginalization and misrepresentation of LGBTQ+ family scholarship.MethodWe review and present select literature to frame the current challenges and subsequent opportunities for advancing LGBTQ+ family scholarship through the conceptual and methodological defining of family.ResultsFramed in a U.S. context, we discuss the oppressive and emancipatory consequences that have occurred through the project of defining family. We then highlight current challenges of defining LGBTQ+ families, emphasizing data inclusion and measurement considerations that arise when grappling with the methodological complexities of LGBTQ+ people versus LGBTQ+ families, chosen families and fictive kin, LGBTQ+ children in families, and consensually non‐monogamous relationships. Throughout, we present opportunities to address current shortcomings within family scholarship regarding LGBTQ+ families. We end with clear and pointed steps on how family researchers can integrate practical but nevertheless influential strategies to advance and enrich LGBTQ+ family research through intentional reflections on research design, sampling, and measurement.ConclusionDespite progress, family scholarship alongside current social events entreats a more intentional commitment from family scholars to measure and advocate for data and methods that properly illuminate (LGBTQ+) family life.

Enhancing Accessibility in India: A Roadmap for Inclusive Development

India has initiated some reforms for disabled persons but it lags behind international standards. Especially in sports, India has talented players but no support. A brief survey of para-athletes and women para-athletes show that the situation is dismal. This article propounds that subpar governance mechanisms and inadequate funding hinders basic infrastructure provisions to para-athletes. By clearly articulating the governance policies, structures, budgets and regular monitoring, the quality of services provided to disabled persons can be improved. Supportive infrastructure is essential to support women para-athletes who face social stigma and often, multiple marginalities due to intersections of gender, race and economic status with disability. While weaving accessibility in the built environment, transportation and information and communication technology is indispensable, India will have to work on changing public perception towards disabled individuals through innovative features, communication, awareness, training programs, and partnerships with private initiatives to improve the lived experiences of this community. Designing gender-inclusive infrastructure, adaptive sports equipment for women para-athletes, supplemented by comprehensive health, education and employment benefits will boost participation of women with disabilities in sports. As Indian para-sports picks speed as a result of supportive policies, governance and infrastructure, it can bring recognition and subsequent opportunities to the disabled community as a whole. This publication aims to inform policymakers, organizations, and the public about the impending progress yet to be made in accessibility and inspire efforts to create more inclusive and equitable environments for all individuals, regardless of their abilities.

Attracting and retaining women in forest entomology and forest pathology

Inclusion of women in the forest entomology and forest pathology workforce has been a difficult journey. While policies and resources exist for organizations and departments to increase diversity and retain women, there still exist large gaps in gender parity at forest research institutions globally. It is imperative that we better understand the barriers that exist for women in forest entomology and pathology so that more inclusive environments can be created that are welcoming towards women and other underrepresented groups. To assess these barriers and subsequent opportunities for improvement, we surveyed forest entomology and pathology professionals globally to ask about their experiences in the workforce. We also provide examples of trends in gender representation at relevant institutions. Barriers to success for women and men were very different; women experienced more barriers related to family caretaking while men experienced more barriers related to funding opportunities. These differences show where opportunities lie to better attract, support, and retain women in forest entomology and forest pathology. Although some trends in gender representation are promising, large gaps continue to exist which need to be addressed.

Evaluating Facilitators’ Experience Delivering a Stress-Reducing Intervention for Indigenous Women with and without HIV

Indigenous women encounter increased stressful life experiences such as socioeconomic insecurities as well as inequities in health services and outcomes. These stress inequities, which stem from the historical and ongoing effects of settler colonialism, also worsen health outcomes for those women living with HIV. As a part of a broader research project on the impacts of stress-reducing interventions for indigenous women, this study examines the experiences of the women who facilitated the intervention. This research was conducted to evaluate the impacts of a biweekly stress-reducing intervention conducted in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The facilitators of the intervention participated in a focus group in 2019 where they detailed the reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation of the intervention. The results suggest that effective stress-reducing interventions should strive to be accessible and inclusive and that doing so can increase program engagement with the service organization hosting the intervention. Further, the results highlight the strengths and challenges of the intervention, including how it helped foster leadership skills and increased indigenous cultural learning among facilitators. These findings demonstrate the strength of community-led interventions and subsequent opportunities for facilitators to grow as leaders. Further, the study highlights how this style of intervention can also encourage participants to engage in other health and wellbeing programs offered by the community partner hosting the intervention. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing stress among indigenous women facing socioeconomic insecurities, including those living with HIV, are both feasible and beneficial for participants, facilitators, and the nonprofit service organizations delivering them.

Characteristics Associated With Serious Self-Harm Events in Children and Adolescents.

To identify patterns of psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with a serious self-harm event. We studied children aged 5 to 18 years hospitalized with a neuropsychiatric event at 2 children's hospitals from April 2016 to March 2020. We used Bayesian profile regression to identify distinct clinical profiles of risk for self-harm events from 32 covariates: age, sex, and 30 mental health diagnostic groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% credible intervals (CIs) were calculated compared with a reference profile with the overall baseline risk of the cohort. We included 1098 children hospitalized with a neuropsychiatric event (median age 14 years [interquartile range (IQR) 11-16]). Of these, 406 (37%) were diagnosed with a self-harm event. We identified 4 distinct profiles with varying risk for a self-harm diagnosis. The low-risk profile (median 0.035 [IQR 0.029-0.041]; OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.04-0.15) was composed primarily of children aged 5 to 9 years without a previous psychiatric diagnosis. The moderate-risk profile (median 0.30 [IQR 0.27-0.33]; reference profile) included psychiatric diagnoses without depressive disorders. Older female adolescents with a combination of anxiety, depression, substance, and trauma disorders characterized the high-risk profile (median 0.69 [IQR 0.67-0.70]; OR 5.09, 95% CI 3.11-8.38). Younger males with mood and developmental disorders represented the very high-risk profile (median 0.76 [IQR 0.73-0.79]; OR 7.21, 95% CI 3.69-15.20). We describe 4 separate profiles of psychiatric comorbidity that can help identify children at elevated risk for a self-harm event and subsequent opportunities for intervention.

Emphasis on Gender Equality in the Novels of Thilagavathi

In this era too, where technology has developed and our education and basic needs are fulfilled through the internet, we see that women slavery prevails at many levels. Women's life has been continuously regressed in many stages till this century, such as being treated as secondary in the position of raising female children from birth to upbringing, being held back in educational opportunities and subsequent employment opportunities, living up to family responsibilities, and valuing men's views in public life. Apart from that, women are being used as consumer goods promoters at the social level and as household goods at the family level. It is because of the ideas that have been ingrained in women's minds for a long time. But nowadays, due to the subtle awareness of women and the bold revolutionary voices, changes have taken place in these situations. However, the attempt to change the status of women slavery (gender inequality), which was deeply rooted in social, political, religious, and family platforms, has not achieved full success in society till date. Just as the efforts of feminist theorists and social reformers to achieve partial status in the creation of gender equality have made an essential contribution, literature has also contributed to social change. Based on that, the creator, Thilagavathi, has created awareness among women to get gender balance by symbolising the existing gender inequality in society through her novels. This article attempts to explain it in detail.

Does IT Capability Facilitate Technology Agility?

The prime objective of this study is to investigate how a firm's information technology (IT) capabilities facilitate its technological agility and competitive advantages. Drawing from the resource-based view and dynamic capability framework, we propose that information technology capability—IT infrastructure, IT operations, IT personnel, and IT investment—play an essential role in a firm's ability to sense and adopt new technologies to exploit subsequent opportunities. Then, the study conceptualizes enterprises' ability to sense and respond to new technologies with technological agility and tests the hypotheses of a sample of 731 South Korean businesses. The results indicate that IT infrastructure, IT operations, and IT personnel all have a significant positive effect on technological agility and that technological agility can promote firm performance. Furthermore, the empirical result shows that IT investment contributes to improvements in technology sensing but does not affect technology adoption.

Use of Antimicrobials for Bloodstream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit, a Clinically Oriented Review.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in critically ill patients are associated with significant mortality. For patients with septic shock, antibiotics should be administered within the hour. Probabilistic treatment should be targeted to the most likely pathogens, considering the source and risk factors for bacterial resistance including local epidemiology. Source control is a critical component of the management. Sending blood cultures (BCs) and other specimens before antibiotic administration, without delaying them, is key to microbiological diagnosis and subsequent opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship. Molecular rapid diagnostic testing may provide faster identification of pathogens and specific resistance patterns from the initial positive BC. Results allow for antibiotic optimisation, targeting the causative pathogen with escalation or de-escalation as required. Through this clinically oriented narrative review, we provide expert commentary for empirical and targeted antibiotic choice, including a review of the evidence and recommendations for the treatments of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing, AmpC-hyperproducing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; and Staphylococcus aureus. In order to improve clinical outcomes, dosing recommendations and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics specific to ICU patients must be followed, alongside therapeutic drug monitoring.

Processing and Analysis for Radio Science Experiments (PARSE): Graphical Interface for Bistatic Radar

Abstract Opportunistic bistatic radar (BSR) observations of planetary surfaces can probe the textural and electrical properties of several solar system bodies without needing a dedicated instrument or additional mission requirements, providing unique insights into volatile enrichment and supporting future landing, anchoring, and in situ sampling. Given their opportunistic nature, complex observation geometries, and required radiometric knowledge of the received radio signal, these data are particularly challenging to process, analyze, and interpret for most planetary science data users, who can be unfamiliar with link budget analysis of received echoes. The above impedes real-time use of BSR data to support mission operations, such as identifying safe landing locations on small bodies, as was the case for the Rosetta mission. To address this deficiency, we develop an open-source graphical user interface—Processing and Analysis for Radio Science Experiments (PARSE)—that assesses the feasibility of performing BSR observations and automates radiometric signal processing, power spectral analysis, and visualization of DSN planetary radio science data sets acquired during mission operations or archived on NASA’s Planetary Data System. In this first release, PARSE automates the processing chain developed for Dawn at Asteroid Vesta, streamlining the detection of DSN-received surface-scatter echoes generated as the spacecraft enters/exits occultations behind the target. Future releases will include support for existing Arecibo data sets and other Earth-based radio observatories. Our tool enables the broader planetary science community, beyond planetary radar signal processing experts, to utilize BSR data sets to characterize electrical and textural properties of planetary surfaces. Such tools are becoming increasingly important as the number of space missions—and subsequent opportunities for orbital radio science observations—continue to grow.

Information provision for stroke survivors and their carers.

Information provision for stroke survivors and their carers.

New challenges in supply chain management: cybersecurity across the supply chain

Recent cybersecurity breaches have highlighted the resulting economic, political, and social effects. These incidents highlight that cybersecurity is now a supply chain issue. This should not be surprising given the interconnected digital world that defines organisational ecosystems. Due to their relative ‘newness’, coupled with the complexity of both supply chains and cybersecurity, there is lack of clarity and gaps in the current knowledge base regarding cybersecurity across the supply chain. At the same time, this issue is of critical importance to both practitioners and researchers, and thus needs to be structured in such a way to facilitate a common understanding of what cybersecurity across the supply chain cybersecurity entails and the subsequent research opportunities. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to develop a research framework for cybersecurity across the supply chain to guide future research. An exploratory research methodology was applied, which relied on multiple sources to develop the research framework, including structured literature reviews, anecdotal evidence, interviews with subject matter experts, and external validation by both practitioners and researchers. The paper concludes by identifying areas that demand further research and with a call for more research on cybersecurity across the supply chain.

Knowledge, standards, 'plantology' and mentors: promoting excellence in horticulture for everyone

The Sibbaldia &amp; PlantNetwork Conference 2020 opened with a free session. Participants were required to register in advance and registration was open to anyone with access to the internet. 300 participants registered and 142 attended on the day. A recording of the session was available to view for six months after the event.&#x0D; The format of the session was a chaired panel discussion which explored what excellence means in horticulture. Topics were shaped by participants’ entries into an online poll which collated responses to the question ‘What does excellence in horticulture mean to you?’ and a word cloud was created from these entries. The chair navigated a discussion through the ideas which were of greatest significance to participants, according to the responses given in the poll. Panellists presented their own experiences on the subjects discussed and shared how their organisations approach them. The result was a lively and informative discussion between five experts in the fields of horticulture and education which ranged particularly around the knowledge educators want to share, how standards are defined, and what institutions can do to foster excellence. The discussion moved on to how more young people can be drawn into horticulture and subsequent professional development opportunities.

Video-based interviewing in medicine: protocol for a scoping review

BackgroundCareers in healthcare involve an extensive interview process as transitions are made from one level of training to the next. For physicians, interviews mark the gateway from entrance into medical school, acceptance into residency, fellowships, and subsequent job opportunities. Previous literature outlining the costs associated with face-to-face interviews and concerns regarding the climate crisis has triggered an interest in video-based interviews. Barriers to transitioning away from in-person interviews include concerns regarding lack of rapport between applicants and interviewers, and applicants being less able to represent themselves. In a new era ushered in by COVID where many of us have utilized virtual meetings more than any prior time both personally and for work, we wanted to consolidate the current literature on the use of video-based interviews in healthcare and summarize the findings.MethodsA scoping review will be conducted to explore the benefits and limitations of video-based interviews for both applicants and interviewers within healthcare fields, as well as the perceived barriers associated with transitioning away from face-to-face interviews. The scoping review methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley will be implemented. The search strategy developed by the authors in collaboration with an academic health sciences librarian will be conducted across four electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and PsycInfo) and supplemented by a review of the grey literature and reference lists of included studies. The study selection process will be documented using the PRISMA flow diagram, and reasons for exclusion following full-text review will be recorded. The extracted data will be analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis.DiscussionDespite previous literature on the costs associated with face-to-face interviews, there has been hesitancy with transitioning to video-based interviews due to concerns of lack of rapport between applicants and interviewers, and applicants being less able to represent themselves. While these limitations have been explored in previous studies, a succinct review of the current literature to guide the effective restructuring of the interview process is lacking. With our scoping review, we hope to fill this gap in the literature to better understand barriers to transitioning from face-to-face interviews and directions for future research.

HEREDITARY ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES: Challenges and opportunities in genetic counseling for hereditary endocrine neoplasia syndromes

The Genetic Counseling Working Group from the 16th International Workshop on Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN 2019) convened to discuss contemporary challenges and opportunities in the area of genetic counseling for individuals and families affected by hereditary endocrine neoplasia syndromes. As healthcare professionals with multidisciplinary training in human genetics, risk assessment, patient education, psychosocial counseling, and research methodology, genetic counselors bring a unique perspective to working toward addressing these challenges and identifying their subsequent opportunities. This Working Group focused on the following broad areas: (1) genetic counseling resources for endocrine neoplasias, (2) candidate gene discovery, (3) implications of increasingly sensitive and expansive genetic testing technologies for both the germline and the tumors, and (4) situating clinical diagnoses for hereditary endocrine neoplasia syndromes in the context of present-day knowledge.

Negotiation Inaction Inertia: A Dynamic Model of the Impact of Missed Opportunities on Negotiation Decisions in Multi-issue Disputes

Abstract Negotiations aimed at resolving international disputes often end in deadlock. In the current article, we focus on deadlocks triggered by missed opportunities. The consequences of missing an advantageous opportunity have been studied extensively in the field of psychology within the context of the inaction inertia effect. The concept was recently introduced into the negotiation literature. Forgoing an attractive action opportunity creates vulnerability to regret and increases the likelihood of forgoing subsequent inferior opportunities, even if they still have positive value. The current article deepens the applicability of inaction inertia to international negotiations, by adopting a new multi-step multi-issue paradigm, which better approximates real-life negotiations. Using the new platform, we demonstrate the inaction inertia effect in a dynamic negotiation setting and link an individual’s inertia mindset to the experience of regret. The methodology and analysis presented will help researchers and practitioners explain inertia-induced deadlocks, and facilitate interventions that expedite successful resolutions.

Identification of international opportunities: A study of mature firms in mature industries

This study seeks to gain a better understanding of how small late internationalising (mature) firms operating in mature industry contexts, which seem largely ignored in international entrepreneurship research, identify primary and subsequent international opportunities. Integrating international opportunity and network literature, as well as adopting a multiple case study design, we build on the evidence obtained from two Swedish and two Norwegian late internationalising firms operating in medium-technology industries. Our findings highlight the vital importance of business ties for identification of both primary and subsequent international opportunities by mature firms operating in mature industries. We find that such firms may identify their primary international opportunities by both discovery and creation. Furthermore, the firms’ reputation in the domestic market, accumulated technological knowledge and needs for product customisation and/or customer involvement in product development, may indicate whether the firms tend to discover primary international opportunities or create them either by strengthening existing business ties or by forming new ones. With regard to subsequent international opportunities, creation is found to be a more likely way to identify opportunities. We show that ‘false’ (identified but not pursued) international opportunities, apart from generating a beneficial learning experience for both entrepreneurs and firms, prompt the entrepreneurs to (i) realise the urgency of needed strategic changes and (ii) identify future learning content, i.e. knowledge which should be acquired by the firm for successful pursuit of subsequent international opportunities.