Subsequent Compensation Research Articles

THE RESEARCH OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH COMPENSATED MENTAL DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFICULTIES: THE RELEVANCE AND PROSPECTS

The article discusses the results of the study on social and communicative skills of adolescents with compensated difficulties in mental development. The relevance of the study is due to the steady increase in the number of children with various mental development delays, who, after appropriate correctional assistance, more or less successfully adapt to the conditions of the educational space, solving development problems at subsequent stages of life. A poor knowledge of these “delayed effects” of mental development difficulties in domestic psychology significantly limits the possibilities of providing adequate psychological assistance to adolescents of the above category. At the same time, in adolescence, integration into the system of communication and social interaction with others is considered as one of the most important tasks of personality development. It was revealed that the difficulty of mental development in childhood and its subsequent compensation have a significant impact on social behaviour in late adolescence.

Effects of Tebuconazole on the Earthworm Dendrobaena veneta: Full Life Cycle Approach

Tebuconazole (TEB), a widely used triazole fungicide, is effective against soil-borne and foliar fungal pathogens. Toxicants can exhibit varying effects depending on the life stage of organisms, although standard toxicity tests typically focus on adult individuals. This study aimed to assess TEB’s potential adverse effects on the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta throughout its life cycle. Effects were evaluated by exposing cocoons to varying TEB concentrations, monitoring hatching, newly hatched juvenile mass, and growth to adulthood. A reproduction test assessed impacts on adults, offering insights into how these results compared with cocoon exposure findings. Results revealed that TEB delayed hatching at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg by 6, 8, and 15.5 days, respectively. Newly hatched juveniles exhibited a 15.96% (50 mg/kg) and 27.37% (100 mg/kg) reduction in body mass compared to controls, with no subsequent compensation during growth. Results from the reproduction tests showed no adverse effects on adult survival, but the effects are observed on juveniles, indicating a higher sensitivity of this developmental stage. While several adverse effects were observed, it is important to note that these occurred at concentrations exceeding recommended application rates. TEB appears safe for earthworms when used correctly, but the presence of multiple contaminants and stressors warrants consideration.

Head movement kinematics are differentially altered for extended versus short duration gait exercises in individuals with vestibular loss

Head kinematics are altered in individuals with vestibular schwannoma (VS) during short duration gait tasks [i.e., Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)], both before and after surgery, yet whether these differences extend to longer duration gait exercises is currently unknown. Here we examined the effects of vestibular loss and subsequent compensation on head kinematics in individuals with VS during gait exercises of relatively extended versus short duration (< 10 versus 30 s), compared to age-matched controls. Six-dimensional head movements were recorded during extended and short duration gait exercises before and then 6 weeks after sectioning of the involved vestibular nerve (vestibular neurectomy). Standard functional, physiological, and subjective clinical assessments were also performed at each time point. Kinematics were differentially altered in individuals with vestibular loss at both time points during extended versus short duration exercises. Range of motion was significantly reduced in extended tasks. In contrast, movement variability predominately differed for the short duration exercises. Overall, our results indicate that quantifying head kinematics during longer duration gait tasks can provide novel information about how VS individuals compensate for vestibular loss, and suggest that measurements of range of motion versus variability can provide information regarding the different strategies deployed to maintain functional locomotion.

Second harmonic generation in the presence of walk-off and group velocity mismatch

We study a second harmonic generation interaction geometry in the case where both group velocity mismatch and walk-off have significant impacts. This results in a frequency-converted beam exhibiting a pulse front tilt. Using the global response function of the crystal, we provide an analytical model that allows to predict the spatiotemporal structure of the second harmonic wave packet and verify its validity using numerical simulations and a simple experiment. Distinctive features of this geometry are the suppression of back-conversion and the ability to conserve the fundamental bandwidth in space and time domains. Subsequent compensation of the pulse front tilt should allow efficient generation of ultrashort pulses in the deep ultraviolet.

Community Empowerment Model Through Village Cash For Work Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Village Cash for Work Program meets the criteria for community empowerment. PKTD fulfills all aspects of community empowerment both definitively, principles, steps and goals according to Mardikanto's empowerment theory. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of community empowerment through PKTD during the pandemic in Bangunjiwo Village, Kapanewon Kasihan, Bantul Regency, DIY. This research is a qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive model. The analysis was carried out from the results of observations, interviews, documentation, written notes. In addition, as data triangulation, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted which involved PKTD stakeholders. This research is located in Bangunjiwo Village, Kapanewon Kasihan, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The results of this study are that there are two models of community empowerment in Bangunjiwo. These two empowerment models are influenced by the geographical location of the program. The closer to the settlements has the higher the participation rate and the higher program outcomes. The changes of village fund priorities in 2020 with an allocation of 30% wages, and 2021 50% wages. Last, road class has an effect on the authority and subsequent compensation. So they need for a correct understanding of local village-scale assets and authorities.

Chain Network Control with Delay by an Auxiliary Loop Method

The article is devoted to the development of control algorithms for a network of agents of a chain network, each agent of which is a linear plant with state delay, subject to the action of external disturbances under conditions of a priori uncertainty. In each agent of the network, the output of the previous agent is monitored, and the signal from the leading subsystem arrives only at the first agent of the network, the communication is one-way. Taking into account the time delay in the models of each agent of the network of such a structure makes them close to real ones. In agent control systems, disturbances are compensated by implementing the principle of invariance, namely, in each network agent, compensation for the action of external disturbances acting on the network agent from the outside, as well as internal disturbances caused by various modes of operation of the plant, is carried out by generating a special disturbance signal, and then it subsequent compensation with the help of an auxiliary loop and Khalil observers. A numerical example of a chain network consisting of four linear control plants is given under the conditions of interval uncertainty of the parameters of their mathematical models, state delay and the action of external uncontrolled disturbances. Numerical simulation was carried out in Matlab Simulink. Graphs of transient processes for tracking errors of agents of the chain network are presented, confirming the theoretical conclusions and illustrating the good performance of the control algorithms for the chain network.

Acoustic Limescale Layer and Temperature Measurement in Ultrasonic Flow Meters

Guided acoustic waves are commonly used in domestic water meters to measure the flow rate. The accuracy of this measurement method is affected by factors such as variations in temperature and limescale deposition inside of the pipe. In this work, a new approach using signals from different sound propagation paths is used to determine these quantities and allow for subsequent compensation. This method evaluates the different propagation times of guided Lamb waves in flow measurement applications. A finite element method-based model is used to identify the calibration curves for the device under test. The simulated dependencies on temperature and layer thickness are validated by experimental data. Finally, a test on simulated data with varying temperatures and limescale depositions proves that this method can be used to separate both effects. Based on these values, a flow measurement correction scheme can be derived that provides an improved resolution of guided acoustic wave-based flow meters.

Property rights in martial law

The article is devoted to the study of property rights in martial law, the definition of «forced alienation of property» and «seizure of property», reveals their characteristics.&#x0D; The analysis of the essence of the property right in the conditions of martial law is carried out, it is defined as there is a compulsory alienation and confiscation of property.&#x0D; It is established that during martial law there is a possibility:&#x0D; –forcible alienation of property, ie deprivation of the owner of the right to ownership of individually identified property in private or communal ownership and which becomes the property of the state for use under martial law or state of emergency subject to prior or subsequent full reimbursement;&#x0D; –confiscation of property, ie deprivation of state-owned enterprises, state economic associations of the right of economic management or operational management of individually determined state property for the purpose of its transfer for the needs of the state under martial law or state of emergency.&#x0D; It is important that an act is drawn up on the forced alienation or confiscation of property.&#x0D; It is determined that in the modern legal literature there is no clear scientific study that would address the issue of property rights in martial law. Therefore, it is necessary to more clearly analyze the provisions of the legislation of Ukraine on property relations that exist under martial law.&#x0D; According to the results of the study, it was concluded that in martial law only the procedure of forced alienation of private property and communal property with subsequent compensation of value can be applied, and seizure occurs exclusively at the expense of state property and without reimbursement of such property.&#x0D; The decision to forcibly expropriate property may be taken only by the military command in agreement with the local self-government body, depending on the conduct of hostilities in the territory.&#x0D; It should be noted that the police, the Territorial Defense Forces, and individual servicemen cannot forcibly confiscate the private property of citizens without a proper decision of the Military Command and without proper documentation.

EndoCovid: Thyroid and adrenal hormonal alterations in a cohort of critically ill patients with COVID-19. A preliminary analysis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection was primarily described as atypical pneumonia with severe respiratory disorders1, although the reported evidence revealed a condition of multisystemic impact over time. It maintains a variable respiratory severity that significantly affects other organs and systems, such as the vascular endothelium, the central nervous system, the heart, and many endocrine glands such as the thyroid, the adrenals, and the pancreas2. The impact of SARS-Cov-2 on the endocrine system is so frequent that specialists have coined the term "EndoCovid" to refer to the endocrinological disorders that occur during this disease and require special attention in post-COVID patients. 193. The universal distribution of the angiotensin 2 receptor (ACE-2), which is the proven gateway for the virus to enter our cells, makes the viral presence in glandular tissue possible and causes damage by three fundamental mechanisms: direct damage immunological mechanism and functional alteration4,5. Specifically, it has already been demonstrated with SARS-Cov-1 and currently with SARS-Cov-2, damage at the pituitary level6, with hypophysitis reported in autopsies7. This alteration leads to secondary hypopituitarism that must be considered for its diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing cortisol deficiency, which often debuts hyponatremia, a condition associated with a poor prognosis6. The virus can also cause direct damage to the thyroid (COVID-19-associated thyroiditis and post-COVID-19 or post-vaccination autoimmune thyroid pathology) and the adrenal glands, which is associated with severe forms of the disease although the impact of this disorder in outcomes such as mortality is not clear8. Several of the critically ill patients that we attended with a diagnosis of severe COVID-19 infection, who had overcome the hypoxemia, were noticed to worsen and died after day 10 of hospitalization. A non-pharmacological distributive shock with negative bacterial cultures was determined as their cause of death. Under this premise, we requested the adrenal and thyroid hormones dosage, observing a significant hormonal deficit. The subsequent compensation of the endocrine disorder meant a significant clinical improvement and even survival of patients whose clinical characteristics and severity scales pointed to a high probability of death. We present a series of 66 patients with severe COVID-19 infection, where 28 (42.4%) died, and 38 (57.6%) survived; the patient's average age was 47.74 years, with differences being observed when comparing by discharge condition (p-value 0.024, 51.79 years in non-survivors vs. 44.76 years in survivors); male predominance was observed 81.82%. (Table 1)

Realization of homojunction PN AlN diodes

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is an insulator that has shown little promise to be converted to a semiconductor via impurity doping. Some of the historic challenges for successfully doping AlN include a reconfigurable defect formation known as a DX center and subsequent compensation that causes an increase in dopant activation energy resulting in very few carriers of electricity, electrons, or holes, rendering doping inefficient. Using crystal synthesis methods that generate less compensating impurities and less lattice expansion, thus impeding the reconfiguration of dopants, and using new dopants, we demonstrate: (a) well behaved bulk semiconducting functionality in AlN, the largest direct bandgap semiconductor known with (b) substantial bulk p-type conduction (holes = 3.1 × 1018 cm−3, as recently reported in our prior work), (c) dramatic improvement in n-type bulk conduction (electrons = 6 × 1018 cm−3, nearly 6000 times the prior state-of-the-art), and (d) a PN AlN diode with a nearly ideal turn-on voltage of ∼6 V for a 6.1 eV bandgap semiconductor. A wide variety of AlN-based applications are enabled that will impact deep ultraviolet light-based viral and bacterial sterilization, polymer curing, lithography, laser machining, high-temperature, high-voltage, and high-power electronics.

Разработка и валидация методики моделирования теплового и деформированного состояния деталей бесплатформенной инерциальной навигационной системы

This article shows an importance of a reliable assessment of thermoelastic deformations of the axles of sensitive elements and their subsequent algorithmic compensation in order to improve the accuracy of strapdown inertial navigation system. For this purpose, a technique for simulation of temperature fields of a strapdown inertial navigation system has been developed using the ANSYS software. The technique combines several methodological approaches to the preparation of computational models used to simulate the thermal and strain state of instrument parts, to calculate free-convective air circulation in the internal space, as well as a methodical approach to solving the problem of gas dynamics and heat transfer. To validate the developed technique bench testing was carried out with temperature measurements during device self-heating. A satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental data was established, indicating the adequacy of the chosen mathematical model and the developed calculation scheme for a strapdown inertial navigation system. Based on the validation results, it is recommended to use the developed technique for predicting the thermal and stress-strain state of a strapdown inertial navigation system parts and for determining the deviation angles of the sensitive element axles in various conditions, including transient operating modes. A methodical approach is proposed for calculating the angles of sensitive elements, on the basis of using special two-node finite elements and relations for Bryant angles describing the relative position of two coordinate systems in space

Underwater 3D Measurements with Advanced Camera Modelling

A novel concept of camera modelling for underwater 3D measurements based on stereo camera utilisation is introduced. The geometrical description of the ray course subject to refraction in underwater cameras is presented under assumption of conditions, which are typically satisfied or can be achieved approximately. Possibilities of simplification are shown, which allow an approximation of the ray course by classical pinhole modelling. It is shown how the expected measurement errors can be estimated, as well as its influence on the expected 3D measurement result. Final processing of the 3D measurement data according to the requirements regarding accuracy is performed using several kinds of refinement. For example, calibration parameters can be refined, or systematic errors can be decreased by subsequent compensation by suitable error correction functions. Experimental data of simulations and real measurements obtained by two different underwater 3D scanners are presented and discussed. If inverse image magnification is larger than about one hundred, remaining errors caused by refraction effects can be usually neglected and the classical pinhole model can be used for stereo camera-based underwater 3D measurement systems.

Lesion-induced changes of brevican expression in the perineuronal net of the superior vestibular nucleus.

Damage to the vestibular sense organs evokes static and dynamic deficits in the eye movements, posture and vegetative functions. After a shorter or longer period of time, the vestibular function is partially or completely restored via a series of processes such as modification in the efficacy of synaptic inputs. As the plasticity of adult central nervous system is associated with the alteration of extracellular matrix, including its condensed form, the perineuronal net, we studied the changes of brevican expression in the perineuronal nets of the superior vestibular nucleus after unilateral labyrinth lesion. Our results demonstrated that the unilateral labyrinth lesion and subsequent compensation are accompanied by the changing of brevican staining pattern in the perineuronal nets of superior vestibular nucleus of the rat. The reduction of brevican in the perineuronal nets of superior vestibular nucleus may contribute to the vestibular plasticity by suspending the non-permissive role of brevican in the restoration of perineuronal net assembly. After a transitory decrease, the brevican expression restored to the control level parallel to the partial restoration of impaired vestibular function. The bilateral changing in the brevican expression supports the involvement of commissural vestibular fibers in the vestibular compensation. All experimental procedures were approved by the 'University of Debrecen - Committee of Animal Welfare' (approval No. 6/2017/DEMAB) and the 'Scientific Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation' (approval No. HB/06/ÉLB/2270-10/2017; approved on June 6, 2017).

Does the Director Labor Market Settle Up? Examining Directorships for Fired CEOs

Prior research finds that dismissed CEOs suffer consequences in the executive labor market, such as fewer employment opportunities and reduced subsequent compensation. Such research suggests dismissed CEOs face stigma and ex post settling up in the executive labor market due to their poor executive ability. We extend such theory to argue that these processes extend to an alternative labor market: public company directorships. We argue, however, that the reduced odds of dismissed CEOs of gaining directorships is influenced by two considerations: 1) causal accounts for CEO dismissal related to violations of fiduciary duty and personal conduct and 2) the accumulated social, human, and reputational capital of the CEO. Following 280 dismissed CEOS, we find that CEOs dismissed with causal accounts suggesting fiduciary duty violations receive fewer future board appointments. For those without such stigmatizing causal accounts, we find evidence that social, human, and reputational capital enhance perceptions of the CEO’s ability, reducing the penalties faced in the director labor market. Our findings suggest that dismissed CEOs have future employment chances as board members, but those directorship opportunities are shaped by the reasons for their dismissal and the assets and skills they may bring to any future board as a director.

Effects of vestibular neurectomy and neural compensation on head movements in patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma resection

The vestibular system is vital for maintaining balance and stabilizing gaze and vestibular damage causes impaired postural and gaze control. Here we examined the effects of vestibular loss and subsequent compensation on head motion kinematics during voluntary behavior. Head movements were measured in vestibular schwannoma patients before, and then 6 weeks and 6 months after surgical tumor removal, requiring sectioning of the involved vestibular nerve (vestibular neurectomy). Head movements were recorded in six dimensions using a small head-mounted sensor while patients performed the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). Kinematic measures differed between patients (at all three time points) and normal subjects on several challenging FGA tasks, indicating that vestibular damage (caused by the tumor or neurectomy) alters head movements in a manner that is not normalized by central compensation. Kinematics measured at different time points relative to vestibular neurectomy differed substantially between pre-operative and 6-week post-operative states but changed little between 6-week and > 6-month post-operative states, demonstrating that compensation affecting head kinematics is relatively rapid. Our results indicate that quantifying head kinematics during self-generated gait tasks provides valuable information about vestibular damage and compensation, suggesting that early changes in patient head motion strategy may be maladaptive for long-term vestibular compensation.

Features of the ground moving targets indication during the rotation of the phase center of a real antenna

The mode of selection of ground moving targets is one of the main modes of operation of the radar observation of the underlying surface. The article discusses the features of processing a trajectory signal when detecting moving targets in a radar with synthesizing the antenna aperture due to the rotation of the real antenna phase center. To compensate for the distortion of the trajectory signal arising from the movement of a target, an algorithm is proposed for estimating the Doppler shift of the signal frequency reflected from a moving target, with its subsequent compensation.

Feedstock Contract Considerations for a Piedmont Biorefinery

A biorefinery purchasing feedstock (perennial grass) must offer contracts that provide the same opportunity to earn a profit for a feedstock contractor located 50 or 5 km from the biorefinery. The business plan presented here specifies that the biomass is purchased in satellite storage locations (SSLs), and the load-out and hauling costs are paid by the biorefinery. Contracts can be offered for harvest in September, October, and November, a three-month harvest window, or the harvest window can be extended to December, January, and February, a six-month harvest window. Required total storage capacity is 75% of annual consumption for the three-month window and 50% for the six-month window, a significant difference in total storage capacity (cost). The storage cost difference paid by the biorefinery is 5.27 and 3.52 USD/Mg for the three-month and six-month, respectively. Several issues must be addressed in the feedstock contracts: (1) earlier harvest, before plant senescence, means less nutrients are translocated back into the soil and more are removed at harvest; (2) harvest losses are higher for all harvests after the September harvest; and (3) storage losses increase with storage time in the SSL. Time of removal from the SSL is dictated by the biorefinery; thus, the feedstock contractor must be compensated. The contracts paid by the biorefinery, averaged across the entire annual consumption, were about the same for the three-month window, and six-month window. This result was obtained because fertilizer cost decreases and harvest losses increase as the harvest date increases; thus, the two factors tend to offset. Using a 77 USD/Mg base cost, representative feedstock payment at the SSL (no storage losses included) for contractors with various month contracts are September (84.30), October (85.54), November (86.72), December 88.63), January (89.98), and February (90.58). Subsequent compensation for storage losses depends on the amount of time the particular unit of biomass is in storage before shipment.

Time bound online uncertainty estimation based adaptive control design for DC–DC buck converters with experimental validation

In this paper, an adaptive controller is proposed for DC–DC buck converters featuring prescribed time bound estimation of unknown system uncertainties and exogenous disturbances followed by nominal output performance recovery. The objective of the proposed control is to attain a robust output voltage tracking in buck converter in presence of parametric, non-parametric, matched and mismatched perturbations across wide operating range. Different from neural network estimators and characterizing substantially low computational complexity, an online estimator is presented to reconstruct the incurred uncertainty. The estimated additive uncertainty is thereafter fed to the nominal backstepping controller for subsequent compensation in finite time. Exact recovery of nominal output voltage tracking is claimed in a piecewise sense owing to the accuracy and precise estimation of the unknown unparametrized lumped uncertainty manifested in the form of large sudden variations in load and input voltage. Rigorous performance and stability analysis of the online estimator, along with similar analysis of the overall tracking control system are undertaken. Extensive numerical study is carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed control scheme. Further, experimentation of the proposed controller on a dc–dc buck converter using control desk DS1103 with an embedded TMS320F240 processor has been performed. The obtained experimental results demonstrate a good agreement with the simulation findings.

Update on vocal fold augmentation

Unilateral vocal fold palsy is afrequent cause of hoarseness. In the presence of glottis closure insufficiency, the effectiveness of conservative voice therapy is often limited and phonosurgery may be indicated. Injection laryngoplasty is effective for correction of insufficiency. Early intervention during the first 6months after diagnosis is desired to avoid subsequent insufficient endogenous compensation. Particularly patients with glottic closure insufficiency ≤2 mm in stroboscopy may benefit from this procedure. With appropriate patient selection, duration of the effect exceeding 12months has been described for hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, and autologous fat. Due to rare complications such as allergic swelling at the injection site, regular laryngoscopic monitoring and observation for two nights after injection are recommended. The voice must only be rested for afew hours.

Laguerre Neural Network Driven Adaptive Control of DC-DC Step Down Converter

DC-DC step-down/buck converters are prominent part of DC power supply system. The dynamics of DC-DC step down converter are nonlinear in nature and are largely influenced from both parametric and external load perturbations. Under its closed loop operation, obtaining a precise output voltage tracking besides satisfactorily inductor current response is a challenging control objective. In this regard, this article proposes a novel Laguerre neural network estimation technique for the approximation of unknown and uncertain load function, followed by its subsequent compensation in the adaptive backstepping controller. A detailed design of the proposed estimator and adaptive backstepping controller along with closed loop asymptotic stability have been presented. Further, the proposed control mechanism is evaluated through extensive numerical simulations while subjecting the converter to input voltage, reference voltage and load resistance perturbations. Furthermore, the results are verified by testing the proposed controller on a laboratory prototype with DSP based TM320F240 controller board. The transient performance metrics such as settling time and peak overshoot/undershoot are evaluated and compared against adaptive backstepping control and PID control methods. Finally, the analysis of results reveals that the proposed control methodology for DC-DC step down converter offers a faster transient output voltage tracking with smooth and satisfactory inductor current response over a wide operating range.